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Distillation Column 1 PDF
Distillation Column 1 PDF
Synopsis
What is distillation? Selection b/w Plate and Packed column Selection of tray type Design Calculations Plate Hydraulic Design Specification Sheet
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What is Distillation?
Process in which a liquid mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity on the basis of difference in relative volatility , by the application and removal of heat
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Column Internals
Comparison b/w Tray & Packed Columns
Plate Contactors
Cross-flow contactors are the most common type of plate contactors. In a cross-flow plate the liquid flows across the plate and the vapour up through the plate. The liquid move from plate to plate via down comer. A certain level of liquid is maintained on the plates by weir.
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Sieve Plate
Valve Plate
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Simulation on HYSYS
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3.642106 KJ/hr
3.864106 KJ/hr
Material Balance
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min)
= 20
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& Hence, ND = 19
NB = 19
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E o = 70.92%
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act=
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FLV = 0.032 Assume ,Plate Spacing = 0.5m From Graph we get K1 = 0.07 Now Flooding velocity;
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An
= 0.29m2
Taking Down-comer Area as 12% of total cross sectional area, Total Column cross sectional Area = Net Area/0.88
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Tray Design
Down-Comer Area = 0.12(Ac) AD = .041m2 Active Area = Ac 2AD Aa = 0.26m2 Hole Area = 0.1(Aa) = .026m2 Take weir height = 50mm
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Weir Length
As we have,
So, Lw = 0.5m
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Weeping Check
Using relation;
From Graph U
min
act(min)
= 17.85 m/sec
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Weeping Phenomena
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Support Area
Lw/Dc = 0.76 From graph; = 99o r = 0.33m Arc length = r(-) = .46 m As = 2Arc. .05 = 0.04 m2
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Perforated Area
Ap= Column Area 2(Down-comer area) Support area Calming zone Area = 0.16 m2
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Number Of Holes
Single hole Area = 1.96 10-5 m2 No. of holes = Total hole area / single hole area = 1330 holes Hole Pitch;
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We have: and Plate thickness / hole diameter = 1 From graph we get: Co = 0.91 Hence, h d = 30 mm-liquid
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Residual Head
This is the head loss due to bubble formation and other losses. This is given by
hr = 11.41 mm-liq.
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+ hr + hw
ht = 109.76 mm-liq. Pressure drop per plate = Pt = 925 Pa Total Pressure drop in the column; P = No. of plates Pt
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w
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= 0.02m2
dc
=2.7mm
= 50+18.68+109+2.7 = 180.34mm
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Residence Time
Liquid residence time in down comer is given as
t r = 4.3 sec
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Specification Sheet
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