Lesson 1

- )( ' - This is..' which means 'This' (called the

but is written without the

Lesson 1 -

Please read the sentences below. After completing the sentences we shall go over the rules for this lesson.

In Part 1 of Lesson 1 we learn how to use the pronoun

demonstrative pronoun in grammar). haadhaa is pronounced

first alif. The second word is the noun (object) being referred to e.g.

means house.

Please click on the words or pictures to hear speech, i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

.
This is a book

.
This is a door

.
This is a Mosque

.
This is a house

Arabic has no word which is equal to the English word "is" which is referred to as a copula in grammar. We can see this rule demonstrated above where we see the words for

and

the noun/object

literally this sentence would read "This Mosque", however, the word "is" can be implied in this sentence so that it reads "This is a Mosque" There is no word in Arabic corresponding to "a" in English as in: "This is a book". The n-sound, i.e. the tanween (doubled vowel sign) at the end of the Arabic noun (kitabu-n, baitu-n, masjidu-n) is the Arabic indefinite article corresponding to the English "a/an". Please click on the button for part 2 below to move onto the next section where we will practise this principle further Insha'Allah.

being referred to without any copula. i.e. . If read

Lesson 1

- 'This is..' continued

Insha'Allah (God-Willing), we will continue practicing with some more examples of using the phrase haadhaa (

)which means 'This is'.

Please click on the words or pictures to hear speech, i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

.
This is a chair.

.
This is a bed.

.
This is a desk.

.
This is a key.

.
This is a pen.

We have learnt how to say 'This is' using the phrase haadhaa. Now, we will learn how to say 'What is this' to ask a question followed by the answers to the questions Insha'Allah. Please click on part 3 below to proceed.

Lesson 1 -

' - / What is
this'/'Is this a..'

In this part of lesson 1 we will learn the phrase

We shall then answer the questions with the phrase we learnt in the earlier lessons, i.e. haadhaa (

which means "What's this".

. )We will also learn the phrase which means "Is this...", for example

which means "Is this a house."

In addition, we will learn the words for Yes and No in Arabic to answer these questions. The word for Yes in Arabic is

and the word for No in Arabic is .

As we have already learnt, the Arabic script is read from right to left, please read the sentences below from right to left. Please click on the words or pictures to hear speech, i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

Picture:

Answer:

Question:

.
This is a house.

What is this?

.
Yes, this is a house.

Is this a house?

.
This is a shirt.

What is this?

.
No, this is a chair.

Is this a bed?

.
No, this is a pen.

Is this a key?

.
This is a star.

What is this?

In the next lesson we will learn the word

followed by some more sentences to revise what we have learnt in this lesson, Insha'Allah.

which means "Who is this?"

Lesson 1 - Exercise 3 We have practised reading words and learning phrases and grammar. However, it is very important to learn how to write Arabic while you are learning the language. Please read the sentences below and write them down on a piece of paper. You have already learnt what the sentences below mean in the earlier part of the lesson so try to remember what they mean also. In Arabic, more experienced readers do not require the vowel-marks or diacritical marks to read the word. We have started lesson 1 showing all the vowel-marks, for example

with experience, we know from a combination of the letters used and the context of the sentence what the word actually means. Below, the words will appear without vowel-marks or diacritical marks (e.g. sukun, fatha, kasra etc). Hence, the word will be written in Arabic as

(house) where we can see the fatha, sukun and damma. However, .

Please click on the words or pictures to hear speech, i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

Exercise

- () : . .
which means "Who is

Write Read and

. . .

. .

In the next lesson we will learn the word

this?" followed by some more sentences to revise what we have learnt in this lesson, Insha'Allah.

Lesson 1 -

' - Who is this?' which means 'Who is this?'.

In this section we shall cover the phrase

We shall then answer the questions and learn some more words, Insha'Allah.

Please click on the words or pictures to hear speech, i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

Picture:

Answer:

Question:

.
This is a doctor.

Who is this?

.
This is a boy.

Who is this?

.
This is a student.

Who is this?

.
This is a man.

Who is this?

.
This is a mosque.

What is this?

This is a merchant.

Who is this?

Lesson 1 - More Practice

In this section we shall cover a number of the phrases we have already learnt and we shall learn some new vocabulary. Please click on the words or pictures to hear speech, i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

Picture:

Answer:

Question:

.
This is a dog.

What is this?

.
This is a cat.

What is this?

.
This is a donkey.

What is this?

.
This is a horse.

What is this?

.
This is a camel.

What is this?

.
This is a rooster.

What is this?

Lesson 1 - More Practice / Reading and Writing Practice

In this section we shall cover a number of the phrases we have already learnt and we shall learn some new vocabulary, Insha'Allah. Please click on the words or pictures to hear speech, i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

Picture:

Answer:

Question:

.
This is a teacher.

Who is This?

.
No, this is a handkerchief.

Is this a shirt?

Insha'Allah, in the next part of this lesson we will practice writing and reading skills. Please write out the following words below including their translation. It is important to practice writing in the duration of this course and to be able to read without translations. If you are unsure what the words below mean, please revisit the previous sections of this lesson, all the words below have already been covered earlier. You will also notice that the words below do not have vowel-marks, i.e. damma, kasra and fatha. The vowel-marks have been deliberately omitted because when you read Arabic in normal literature, vowel-marks are seldom used. The context and your experience of words will enable you to read the word properly. The words below should be apparent without the vowel-marks as we have covered them several times already.

Write Read and

:
.)(

.)(

. )( . )( .)( . )(

. )( .)( .)( .)(

You have now completed lesson 1. To summarise, the areas we have covered are: o The Demonstrative Pronoun The particle The word

'( This is..')

as in i.e. 'Is This a...?' and respectively.

which means 'what' as in ' - What is this?' which means 'who' as in ' - Who is this?'

The words for Yes and No The word

o o

Several new words - these have to be memorised as vocabulary is very important to learn the Arabic language.

If you feel confident with the lesson covered, please move on to the next lesson where we will cover the Demonstrative Pronoun -

lesson is a short and relatively straightforward lesson. Please click on Lesson 2 below to go to the next lesson.

which means ('That is..'). Insha'Allah the next

Lesson 2

- ' -That is...'

()

Lesson 2 -

In Part 1 of Lesson 2 we learn the pronoun

which means 'That' (called a

demonstrative pronoun in grammar). Dhalika is used to refer to objects that are farther away whereas haadhaa is used to refer to objects that are closer. Please click on the words or pictures to hear speech, i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

Picture:

Answer:

Question:

That is a star.

What is That?

This is a mosque and that is a house.

What is this and what is that?

This is a horse and that is a donkey. What is this and what is that?

No, that is a cat.

That is a bed.

Is that a dog?

What is That?

This is a teacher and that is an imam. Who is this and who is that?

Lesson 2 -

' -That is...' continued

Insha'Allah, we will continue practising the demonstrative pronoun Dhalika which refers to objects that are farther away. Please click on the words or pictures to hear speech, i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

Picture:

Answer:

Question:

That is a rock.

What is That?

This is sugar and that is a milk.

What is this and what is that?

Please read the words below and then write them down on a piece of paper. Once again, this will enable you to practice writing Arabic which is a very important part of learning the language.

Write Read and

New Vocabulary

:
Rock

Arabic: English Translation:

Milk

Sugar

Imam (Muslim Prayer Leader)

Please move onto the next lesson where we cover the use of the definite article (i.e. 'the').

Lesson 3

- )(

Lesson 3 -

' - The Definite Article (The)'

In this lesson we will learn about the definite article which corresponds to the word 'The' in the English Language (known as the definite article in grammar as it refers to a specific object. Take particular note of the change in the vowel ending when a word is changed to it's definite form, i.e. the tanween (double vowel) which represents indefinite form e.g. a house has been changed to a single damma. It is hence also important to remember that a word can never take alif lam at the beginning and tanween at the same time (i.e. it can never be both indefinite and definite at the same time). Remember, start reading from right to left. The first two sentence will illustrate the change in form from indefinite form (e.g. a house) to definite form (e.g. the house). Please click on the words or pictures to hear speech, i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

:
A mosque :The mosque

:
The book: A book

:
The pen: A pen

:
The house: A house

Lesson 3 -

' - The Definite Article (The)'

continued...

Insha'Allah (God-Willing), we will study some practical sentences using the definite article ( )which corresponds to 'the' in the English language. Please click on the words or pictures to hear speech, i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

Picture:

Translation:

Arabic:

The pen is broken.

The door is open.

The boy is sitting and the teacher is standing.

We shall continue with some more practical sentences, please make an effort to memorise the words and common sentence structures. Please click on the words or pictures to hear speech.

Picture:

Translation:

Arabic:

The book is new and the pen is old.

The donkey is small and the horse is big.

The chair is broken.

The handkerchief is dirty.

The water is cold.

The moon is beautiful.

The house is near and the mosque is far.

The rock is heavy and the paper is light.

The milk is hot.

The shirt is clean.

In the next lesson we will go over some questions to test the areas you have learnt in this lesson Insha'Allah.

Lesson 3

- )( -

Questions

In the next section we will have multiple questions Insha'Allah (God-Willing) to test your understanding of the principles we have learnt. To answer the questions: o o Click on the question number you would like to answer (this will be higlighted in blue once you click to show that it is the active question). Click on the letters on the keyboard in the lower frame to type in the answer in Arabic automatically under the question. The joining of letters is automatic, hence focus on simply spelling the letters and familiarise yourself with how the letters are joined. Click on the next question and use the keyboard again to enter the answer. Upon completion of all questions click on the Mark Answer button to obtain your mark.

o o

Please enter the answers to the questions below using the keyboard and mark your answers as per commentary (above).

: =

()

The Arabic sentence above means "Read and write the following words again with the correct endings". In each of the words below simply type the word again using the keyboard (as above) with the vowel-marks and punctuation, e.g. masjidu = masjidun as below:

Remember a word can be either definite (with alif laam but not tanween) or indefinite (with no alif laam but with tanween). The proper pronunciation (and hence answers) can be heard by clicking on the speakers by the sentences, but please don't click on these until you have attempted to complete the exercise so that you may benefit Insha'Allah.

)( )( )( )(

)( )( )( )(

)( )( )( )(

)( )( )( )(

Lesson 3

- )( -

Questions

In the next section we will have multiple questions Insha'Allah (God-Willing) to test your understanding of the principles we have learnt. To answer the questions: o o Click on the question number you would like to answer (this will be higlighted in blue once you click to show that it is the active question). Click on the letters on the keyboard in the lower frame to type in the answer in Arabic automatically under the question. The joining of letters is automatic, hence focus on simply spelling the letters and familiarise yourself with how the letters are joined. Click on the next question and use the keyboard again to enter the answer. Upon completion of all questions click on the Mark Answer button to obtain your mark.

o o

Please enter the answers to the questions below using the keyboard and mark your answers as per commentary (above).

()

The Arabic sentence above means "Read and write". In each of the sentences below simply type the words again using the keyboard as in the previous questions and including the vowel-marks which have been omitted. Once again, upon completing the exercise you can click on the speakers by each sentence to hear the correct pronunciation and hence answers.

 Lesson

- )( -

Questions

In the next section we will have multiple questions Insha'Allah (God-Willing) to test your understanding of the principles we have learnt. To answer the questions: o Click on the question number you would like to answer (this will be higlighted in blue once you click to show that it is the active question). o Click on the letters on the keyboard in the lower frame to type in the answer in Arabic automatically under the question. The joining of letters is automatic, hence focus on simply spelling the letters and familiarise yourself with how the letters are joined. o Click on the next question and use the keyboard again to enter the answer. o Upon completion of all questions click on the Mark Answer button to obtain your mark. Please enter the answers to the questions below using the keyboard and mark your answers as per commentary (above).

:
The words to use to complete the sentences are:

()

The Arabic sentence above means "Fill in the blanks with the words given". For each of the sentences, type out the full sentence using the words below - e.g. for the first question, click on the question and type as below (include vowel-marks).

- - - - -
Once again - by clicking on the speakers you can hear the correct answer to the question. Please do not do this until you have attempted the exercise. QUESTIONS:

....... ....... .......

....... ....... .......

 Lesson

- )( -

Questions

In the next section we will have multiple questions Insha'Allah (God-Willing) to test your understanding of the principles we have learnt. To answer the questions: o o Click on the question number you would like to answer (this will be higlighted in blue once you click to show that it is the active question). Click on the letters on the keyboard in the lower frame to type in the answer in Arabic automatically under the question. The joining of letters is automatic, hence focus on simply spelling the letters and familiarise yourself with how the letters are joined. Click on the next question and use the keyboard again to enter the answer. Upon completion of all questions click on the Mark Answer button to obtain your mark.

o o

Please enter the answers to the questions below using the keyboard and mark your answers as per commentary (above).

()

The Arabic sentence above means "Fill in the blanks with suitable words". For each of the questions below, type out the full sentence starting with the word in the bracket followed by the word noted. E.g. for the first question, click on the question and type as below (include vowel-marks). Once again, the sound has been included (click on speaker icon by sentence to hear) but once again please only listen to the sentences after doing the exercises.

QUESTIONS: (The pen)

......... ......... ......... .........

(The handkerchief )

.........

(The mosque)

(The water)

......... ......... ......... .........

(The teacher)

(The moon)

(The stone)

(The student)

(The bed)

.........

(The house)

 Lesson

- )( -

Questions

In the next section we will learn some new vocabulary and we shall also learn the rules relating to the sun and moon letters. The most important point to understand with this rule is that it governs the spoken (pronunciation) Arabic and not the written word. Arabic has 28 letters. Of these 14 letters are called Solar Leters, and the other 14 are called Lunar letters. In the articulation (speaking) of the Solar letters, the tip or blade of the tongue is involved as in t, n, r, s, etc. The tip or blade of the tongue does not play any part in the articulation of the Lunar Letters as in b, w, m, k etc. When alif-laam <<al>> is prefixed to a noun beginning with a Solar letter, the <<l>> of <<al>> is assimilated (joined) to the Solar Letter, e.g. al-shams (the sun) is pronounced ash-shamsu. No change takes place in writing (

.)The assimilation is indicated by the shaddah

on the first letter of the noun after <<al>>. No such assimilation takes place with the Lunar Letters, e.g. al-qamaru (the moon) is pronounced al-qamaru (

.)

Here are some more examples of the assimilation of the

<<l>> of <<al>> to the Solar Letters (don't worry about the meanings of the words yet): o al-najmu becomes an-najmu. o al-rajulu becomes ar-rajulu. o al-diku becomes ad-diku. o al-samaku becomes as-samaku. Note that the <<a>> of <<al>> is pronounced only when it is not preceded by another word. If it is preceded by a word it is dropped in pronunciation, though it remains in writing, e.g. wal-baitu. Here the <<a>> is dropped and the phrase is pronounced wal-baitu not wa >> is placed above the al-baitu. To indicate this omission in pronunciation, this sign: << hamzah. The initial vowel (a, i, or u) which is omitted when preceded by a word is called hamazatu lwasl. We have learnt that the tanwin is the indefinite article, and it is to be translated as <<a>> e.g.

means a house. This rule does not apply to adjectives like " open", and " broken".

 Lesson

- )( -

Questions

:()( )( )
The sentence above means "Match the words in the following answers with a pen and paper joining the letters. It is important that you practice your writing skills in the duration of this course to master the language Insha'Allah. This will be followed by vocabulary. To hear the pronunciation of any of the words or vocabulary, click on the word/ sentence.

()

with those in

(." )

Please write

QUESTION:

( )
New Vocabulary:

()

For the answer to the questions click here.

Sweet

Old

Sick

Near

Shop

Far Away

Rich

Clean

Tall

Dirty

Poor

Small

Short

Big

Apple

Light

Cold

Heavy

Hot

Paper

Sitting

Water

Standing

Beautiful

New


The sentence above means "The Moon and The Sun Letters". See section 7 (which should have already been covered) if you do not already understand the rules relating to the sun and the moon letters. Remember, this rule affects the pronunciation of the word and not the written form. Please listen carefully to the pronunciation. Pay attention to how the letters in the Sun Letters (

,)the laam of alif-laam is

assimilated to the first letter in pronunciation. The table below covers each letter in the Arabic alphabet along with an example of a word which starts with that letter under the relevant column depending on whether it is a sun or moon letter.

QUESTION:

The Sun Letters:

The Moon Letters:

)( : )( : )( : )( : )( : )( : )( : )( : )( :

)( : )( : )( : )( : )( : )( : )( : )( : )( :

)( : )( : )( : )( : )( :

)( : )( : )( : )( : )( :

:
The sentence above says: "Read and write the words keeping in mind the rules pertaining to the Solar and Lunar Letters". Once again, please write the words below with a pen and paper and read the words prior to clicking on them below to hear the correct pronunciation. As these words have already been covered before, the vowelmarks and diacritical marks (e.g. fatha, kasra, damma, sukun etc) have not been used over the letters. This is the way standard Arabic is written and it is important to get used to this.

EXERCISE: