Lesson 1 – ‫األو ُل‬

َّ ‫س‬ ُ ‫الد َّْر‬

This is… - ...‫َه ٰـذَا‬
Introduction - ‫ُمقَ ِّد َمة‬
• Please read the sentences below. After completing the sentences we shall go over
the rules for this lesson.
• In Part 1 of Lesson 1 we learn how to use the pronoun ‫ َه ٰـذَا‬which means 'This' (called
the demonstrative pronoun in grammar). /Hādhā/ is pronounced ‫ هَاذَا‬but is written
without the first /alif/. The second word is the noun (object) being referred to,
e.g.: ‫ بَيْت‬means house.

.‫َه ٰـذَا ِكتَاب‬ .‫َه ٰـ َذا َمس ِْجد‬ .‫َه ٰـ َذا بَاب‬ .‫َه ٰـ َذا بَيْت‬
This is a book This is a mosque This is a door This is a house
• Arabic has no word which is equal to the English word "is" which is referred to as a
“copula” in grammar. We can see this rule demonstrated above where we see the
words for ‫ َه ٰـذَا‬and the noun/predicate ‫ َمس ِْجد‬being referred to without any copula.
i.e. ‫ َه ٰـذَا َمس ِْجد‬If read literally this sentence would read "This a mosque", however,
the word "is" can be implied in this sentence so that it reads "This is a mosque".
• There is no word in Arabic corresponding to "a" in English as in: "This is a book". The
n-sound, i.e. the /tanwīn/ (doubled vowel sign) at the end of the Arabic noun
(kitābu-n, baitu-n, masĴidu-n) is the Arabic indefinite article corresponding to the
English "a/an".
 Lesson 1 – ‫األو ُل‬
َّ ‫س‬ ُ ‫الد َّْر‬
This is… - ...‫َه ٰـذَا‬
Continued...
• In-Shā’-Allâh (God-willing), we will continue practicing with some more examples of
using the phrase /hādhā/ ‫ َه ٰـذَا‬which means 'This is'.

.‫َه ٰـذَا قَلَم‬ ٌّ ‫َه ٰـذَا كُ ْر ِس‬

.‫ى‬ .‫َه ٰـذَا ِم ْفتَاح‬
This is a
This is a pen. This is a chair.
key.

َ ‫َه ٰـذَا‬
.‫س ِرير‬ .‫َه ٰـ َذا َم ْكتَب‬
This is a bed. This is a desk.
• We have learnt how to say 'This is' using the phrase /hādhā/. Now, we will learn
how to say 'What is this?' to ask a question followed by the answers to the questions
In-Shā’-Allâh (God-willing).
 Lesson 1 – ‫األو ُل‬
َّ ‫س‬ ُ ‫الد َّْر‬
This is… - ...‫َه ٰـذَا‬
Continued …
• In this part of lesson 1 we will learn the phrase ‫ َما َه ٰـذَا؟‬which means "What's this".
We shall then answer the questions with the phrase we learnt in the earlier parts,
i.e. /hādhā/ ‫ َه ٰـذَا‬.
• We will also learn the phrase ‫؟‬.....‫ أَ َه ٰـ َذا‬which means "Is this...?", for example ‫أَ َه ٰـذَا‬
‫ بَيْت؟‬which means "Is this a house?”.
• In addition, we will learn the words for Yes and No in Arabic to answer these
questions. The word for Yes in Arabic is ‫نَ َع ْم‬, and the word for No in Arabic is ‫ال‬.
• As we have already learnt, the Arabic script is read from right to left, please read the
sentences below from right to left.
Picture Answer Question
.‫َه ٰـذَا َبيْت‬ ‫َما َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a house. What is this?
.‫َه ٰـذَا قَ ِميص‬ ‫َما َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a shirt. What is this?
.‫ َه ٰـذَا قَلَم‬،‫ال‬ ‫أَ َه ٰـذَا ِم ْفتَاح؟‬
No, this is a pen. Is this a key?
.‫ َه ٰـذَا بَيْت‬،‫نَعَ ْم‬ ‫أَ َه ٰـذَا بَيْت؟‬
Yes, this is a house. Is this a house?
ٌّ ‫ َه ٰـذَا كُ ْر ِس‬،‫ال‬
.‫ي‬ ‫س ِرير؟‬ َ ‫أَ َه ٰـذَا‬
No, this is a chair. Is this a bed?
.‫َه ٰـذَا نَجْ م‬ ‫َما َه ٰـ َذا؟‬
This is a star. What is this?
• In the next parts we will learn the phrase ‫ َم ْن َه ٰـذَا؟‬which means "Who is this?"
followed by some more sentences to revise what we have learnt in this lesson, In-
Shā’-Allâh (God willing).
 Lesson 1 – ‫األو ُل‬
َّ ‫س‬ ُ ‫الد َّْر‬
This is… - ...‫َه ٰـذَا‬
Who is this? - ‫َم ْن َه ٰـذَا؟‬
• In this section we shall cover the phrase ‫ َم ْن َه ٰـذَا؟‬which means 'Who is this?'. We shall
then answer the questions and learn some more words, In-Shā'-Allâh (God willing).
Picture Answer Question
.‫ط ِبيب‬ َ ‫َه ٰـذَا‬ ‫َم ْن َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a doctor. Who is this?
.‫َه ٰـذَا َولَد‬ ‫َم ْن َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a boy. Who is this?
.‫طا ِلب‬ َ ‫َه ٰـذَا‬ ‫َم ْن َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a student. Who is this?
.‫َه ٰـذَا َر ُجل‬ ‫َم ْن َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a man. Who is this?
ِ ‫َه ٰـذَا ت‬
.‫َاجر‬ ‫َم ْن َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a merchant. Who is this?
 Lesson 1 – ‫األو ُل‬
َّ ‫س‬ ُ ‫الد َّْر‬
This is… - ...‫َه ٰـذَا‬
Continued…
• In this section we shall cover a number of the phrases we have already learnt and
we shall learn some new vocabulary.
Picture Answer Question
.‫َه ٰـذَا ك َْلب‬ ‫َما َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a dog. What is this?
ٌّ ِ‫َه ٰـذَا ق‬
.‫ط‬ ‫َما َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a cat. What is this?
.‫َه ٰـ َذا ِح َمار‬ ‫َما َه ٰـ َذا؟‬
This is a donkey. What is this?
.‫صان‬َ ‫َه ٰـذَا ِح‬ ‫َما َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a horse. What is this?
.‫َه ٰـذَا دِيك‬ ‫َما َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a rooster. What is this?
.‫َه ٰـذَا َج َمل‬ ‫َما َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a camel. What is this?
 Lesson 1 – ‫األو ُل‬
َّ ‫س‬ ُ ‫الد َّْر‬
This is… - ...‫َه ٰـذَا‬
Revision – ‫ُم َرا َجعَة‬
• In this section we shall cover a number of the phrases we have already learnt and
we shall learn some new vocabulary In-Shā'-Allâh (God willing).
Picture Answer Question
.‫َه ٰـذَا ُم َد ِرس‬ ‫َم ْن َه ٰـذَا؟‬
This is a teacher. Who is This?
.‫ َه ٰـذَا ِم ْندِيل‬،‫ال‬
‫أَ َه ٰـذَا قَ ِميص؟‬
No, this is a
Is this a shirt?
handkerchief.

• In the next part of this lesson we will practice writing and reading skills, In-Shā'-Allâh
(God willing). Please write out the following words below including their
translation. It is important to practice writing in the duration of this course and to
be able to read without translations. If you are unsure what the words below mean,
please revisit the previous sections of this lesson, all the words below have already
been covered earlier.
• You will also notice that the words below do not have vowel-marks, i.e. /đammah/,
/kasrah/ and /fatħah/. The vowel-marks have been deliberately omitted because
when you read Arabic in normal literature, vowel-marks are seldom used. The
context and your experience of words will enable you to read the word properly.
The words below should be apparent without the vowel-marks as we have covered
them several times already.
 :‫ اِّ ْق َرأْ َوا ْكتُ ْب‬Read and Write
‫) ما ه ٰـذا؟‬۱(
.‫) ه ٰـذا كلب‬۲(
.‫ه ٰـذا قلم‬
‫) من ه ٰـذا؟‬۳(
.‫) ه ٰـذا جمل‬٤(
.‫ه ٰـذا طبيب‬
‫) أه ٰـذا ديك؟‬٦( ‫) أه ٰـذا كلب؟‬٥(
.‫نعم‬ .‫ ه ٰـذا قط‬،‫ال‬
‫) أه ٰـذا حصان؟‬٧(
.‫) ه ٰـذا منديل‬٨(
.‫ال ه ٰـذا حمار‬
‫) من ه ٰـذا؟‬۱۰( ‫) أه ٰـذا ولد؟‬٩(
.‫هذا رجل‬ .‫نعم‬

• You have now completed lesson 1. To summaries, the areas we have covered are:
o The Demonstrative Pronoun - ‫' َه ٰـذَا‬This is…'
o The particle َ‫ أ‬as in ‫؟‬...‫ أَ َه ٰـذَا‬i.e. 'Is This a...?'
o The word ‫ َما‬which means 'what' as in ‫ َما َه ٰـذَا؟‬- 'What is this?'
o The words for Yes and No - ‫ نَ َع ْم‬and ‫ ال‬respectively.
o The word ‫ َم ْن‬which means 'who' as in ‫ َم ْن َه ٰـذَا؟‬- 'Who is this?'
o Several new words - these have to be memorized as vocabulary is very important to
learn the Arabic language. The following table shows the new words that we learnt
so far in this lesson:
 ِّ ‫ – ُم َرا َجعَةُ ا ْل ُم ْف َردَا‬Vocabulary Revision
‫ت‬
This (this is…) ‫َه ٰـذَا‬ Home ‫َبيْت‬
Door ‫بَاب‬ Mosque ‫َمس ِْجد‬
Book ‫ِكتَاب‬ Key ‫ِم ْفتَاح‬
Chair ٌّ ‫كُ ْر ِس‬
‫ى‬ Pen ‫قَلَم‬
Desk ‫َم ْكتَب‬ Bed ‫س ِرير‬ َ
Shirt ‫قَ ِميص‬ Star ‫نَجْ م‬
Doctor ‫ط ِبيب‬ َ Boy ‫َولَد‬
Student ‫طا ِلب‬ َ Man ‫َر ُجل‬
Merchant ‫َاجر‬ ِ ‫ت‬ Teacher ‫ُم َد ِرس‬
Handkerchief ‫ِم ْندِيل‬ Dog ‫ك َْلب‬
Cat (masculine) ٌّ ِ‫ق‬
‫ط‬ Donkey ‫ِح َمار‬
Horse ‫صان‬ َ ‫ِح‬ Rooster ‫دِيك‬
Camel ‫َج َمل‬ Yes ‫نَعَ ْم‬
No ‫ال‬

• If you feel confident with the lesson covered, please move on to the next lesson
where we will cover the Demonstrative Pronoun – َ‫ ذَلِك‬which means 'That is…’. The
next lesson is a short and relatively straightforward lesson, In-Shā'-Allâh (God
willing).