CHNG3

CCKTHUTC
BNTRONGTRUYN
SLIU
anhph@cse.hcmut.edu.vn

Nidung

Tnhiuvdliu
Truyndndliu
Cutrcknhtruyn

Cutrctruyn

Tunt
Songsong

Btngb
ngb

Ccphngkimtravphthinli
Cuhnh
GiaotipV.24/EIA232F
Nnthngtin
Phnhpknh(Multiplexing)
ADSL

CSE501035DataCommunication

Thutng

Thnhphntrongmhnhtruyndliu(digc
vtl)

Thitb
Thitbpht(Transmitter)
Thitbthu(Receiver)

Mitrngtruyn(Medium)
Ktni

Ktnitrctip(Directlink)

Khngcnccthitbtrunggian

Ktniimim(Pointtopoint)

Ktnitrctip
Chc2thitbdngchungktni

Ktninhiuim(Multipoint)

2thitbdngchungktni

CSE501035DataCommunication

Chtruyn

Simplexmode
Khngdngrngrivkhngthgi
ngclilihoctnhiuiukhin
chobnpht
Television,teletext,radio

Halfduplexmode

Bm

Fullduplexmode

inthoi

Simplexoperation
Onewayonly

Halfduplexoperation
Twowaybutnotat
thesametime

Fullduplexoperation
Bothwayat
thesametime

CSE501035DataCommunication

Truyndndliu

Dliu

Thcthmangthngtin
Analog

Ccgitrlintctrongmtvithikhong
e.g.mthanh,video

Digital

Ccgitrrirc
e.g.vnbn,snguyn

Tnhiu

Biudininhocintcadliu
Analog

Binlintc
Mitrnglintc(wire,fiberoptic,space)
Bngthngtingni100Hzti7kHz
Bngthnginthoi300Hzti3400Hz

Digital

Dng2thnhphnmtchiu

Truyndn

Traoidliuthngquavicxlvlantruyntnhiu

CSE501035DataCommunication

Tnhiuminthigian

Tnhiulintc

Tnhiurirc

Thayitngmctheo
thigian

Tnhiuchuk

Thayilintctheothi
gian

Mulplitheothigian

Tnhiukhngtunhon

Mukhnglplitheo
thigian

CSE501035DataCommunication

Tnhiuanalog

Bacimchnhcatnhiuanalog
baogm

Bin(Amplitute)
Tns(Frequency)
Pha(Phase)

Bincatnhiuanalog

omnhcatnhiu,nv:decibel
(dB)hayvolts.
Bincngln,tnhiucngccng
mnh.
Tnhiutingnithello.
Tingni(speech)lmttnhiurtphc
tp.
Tingnichahngngnthpkhcnhau
canhiutnhiu.

CSE501035DataCommunication

Tnscatnhiuanalog

Tcthayicatnhiutrong
mtgiy,nvHzhayschuk
trongmtgiy(cyclespersecond)

Tnhiuctns30Hz~thayi30
lntrongmtgiy.

Mtchuklsdichuynsng
catnhiutimngunbtu
chonkhiquaytrvliim
ngun.

CSE501035DataCommunication

Phacatnhiuanalog

Tcthayiquanhcatnhiuivithigian,cmt
theo(degree)
Sdchphaxyrakhichukcatnhiuchaktthc,vmt
chukmicatnhiubtutrckhichuktrccha
hontt

Taingikhngcmnhncsdchpha
Tnhiumangdliubnhhngbisdchpha

Vdccminikhnghonhosgyradchpha

CSE501035DataCommunication

Tnhiumintns

CSE501035DataCommunication

10

Thnhphncatingni

Tmtnsckhnngnghe20Hz20kHz

Tingni100Hz7kHz

Ddngchuynsangdngtnhiuinttruyndn
Cctnsvimlngkhcnhaucchuynthnh
tnsintviinpkhcnhau
Tmtnsgiihnchoknhthoi

3003400Hz

CSE501035DataCommunication

11

Tnhius(digital)

Tnhiusbaogmchhaitrngthi,cdintvi
haitrngthiONhayOFFhocl0hay1
Tnhiusyucukhnngbngthnglnhntn
hiuanalog.

CSE501035DataCommunication

12

Tnhius(digital)

Ccvnkhisdngknhthoi(voicechannel)trongvic
truyntnhius

Mttnhiuslmtthpcacctnhiukhc.cbit,tnhiusc
thcbiudinnhsau

Signal=f+f3+f5+f7+f9+f11+f13....f

Domttnhiusgm1tnscbn(f),cngthmtns3f(hitn
bc3),cngthmtns5f(hitnbc5),
Nubincatnsf,f3,f5,la,a3,a5,tha=3a3=5a5
gitnhiusquaknhtruynthoi,bngthngcaknhtruynphi
chophptnscbnf,tns3fvtns5fiquamkhngnhhng
nhiuncctnsny
ylyucutithiubnnhnnhnngctnhius

CSE501035DataCommunication

13

Tnhius(digital)

Truyn1tnhiusnhphntc2400bpstrnknhthoicbngthng
3.1kHz

Tnscbn:1200Hz(thngthngbngtcbit)
Chctnscbniquamkhngbthayi

CSE501035DataCommunication

14

Dliuvtnhiu

Thngdngtnhiuschodliusvtnhiuanalogchod
liuanalog
Cthdngtnhiuanalogmangdlius

Modem

Cthdngtnhiusmangdliuanalog

CompactDiscaudio

CSE501035DataCommunication

15

Truyndn

Truyndnanalog

Khngquantmnnidungdliuctruyn(shoctngt)
Suygimkhitruynxa
Dngbkhuchi(amplifier)truyndliuixa

Khuchictnhiulnnhiu

Truyndns

Quantmnnidungdliuctruyn.
Nhiuvssuygimtnhiusnhhngnstchhp.
Dngblp(repeater)truyndliuixa.

Khngkhuchinhiu.

CSE501035DataCommunication

16

Dliu,tnhiuvtruyndn

Analogdata/AnalogSignal

Analogdata/DigitalSignal

Digital
data

Digital
signal

Analog
signal

Digital
signal

Biudintrctipdliuhocmhatorat/hscctnhmongmun

Lantruynthngquaccbkhuchi,xlt/hnhnhaubtkdliulshoc
tngt
Gist/hbiudindlius,lantruynquaccbrepeater

DigitalSignal/AnalogTransmission

data

Analog
signal

AnalogSignal/DigitalTransmission

Analog

AnalogSignal/AnalogTransmission

cmhadngmodemtorat/htngt

transmission

DigitalData/DigitalSignal

Mhadngbcodectorachuibits

DigitalData/AnalogSignal

Gibnhthnghocmhavophnphkhc

Analoganddigital

Khngdng

DigitalSignal/DigitalData

T/hlchuinhphnlantruynquaccbrepeater

CSE501035DataCommunication

17

Truyndns

uim

Cngnghs
CngnghLSI/VLSIlmgimgithnh

Tonvndliu
Nhiuvsuygimtnhiukhngbtchlybiccrepeater
Truynkhongcchxahntrnccngtruynkmchtlng

Hiuquknhtruyn
TDM>FDM

Bomt
Cckthutmhabomtdliudpdng

Tchhp
Dliusvanalogcxltngtnhau

CSE501035DataCommunication

18

DigitalDigital

Tnhius

Xunginprirc,khnglintc
Mixunglmtphnttnhiu
Dliunhphncmhathnhcc
phnttnhiu

CSE501035DataCommunication

Analoganddigitaltransmission
Analog
data
Digital
data

Analog
signal

Digital
signal

Analog
signal

Digital
signal

19

Thutng

Unipolar

Polar

Thigian(thitbpht)dngtruyn1bit

Tciuch

Tctruyndndliutheobps(bitpersecond)

rng(chiudi1bit)

Mttrngthilogiccbiudinbngmcinpdng,trngthi
logickhccbiudinbngmcinpm

Tcdliu(datarate)

Ttcccphnttnhiuccngdu

Tcmctnhiuthayi
nvlbaud=sphnttnhiutrong1giy

MarkvSpace

Tngngvi1v0nhphn

CSE501035DataCommunication

20

Dingiitnhiu

Cnbit
nhthicaccbit(khinochngbtuvktthc)
Mctnhiu

Yutnhhngnvicdingiitnhiu
TsSNR
Tcdliu
Bngthng

CSE501035DataCommunication

21

PolarEncoding

CSE501035DataCommunication

22

Nonreturntozero(NRZ)

NonreturntoZeroLevel(NRZL)

2mcinpkhcnhauchobit1vbit0
inpkhngthayi(khngctransition)khikhngcsthayitnhiu
inpthayi(ctransition)khicsthayitnhiu(t01hoct10)

NonreturntoZeroInverted(NRZI)

NRZIchoccbit1
Dliucmhacncvovicchaykhngsthayitnhiuuthikhongbit.
Bit1:cmhabngsthayiinp(ctransition)
Bit0:cmhabngskhngthayiinp(khngctransition)

CSE501035DataCommunication

23

NonreturntoZero(NRZ)

Mhasaiphn

Dliucbiudinbngvicthayitnhiu(thayv
bngmctnhiu)
Nhnbitsthayiddnghnsovinhnbitmc
Trongcchthngtruyndnphctp,cmgiccctnhd
dngbmt

uvnhcimcamhaNRZ

Ddngnmbt

Bngthngdnghiuqu

Nhc

Cthnhphnmtchiu
Thiukhnngngb

Dngtrongvicghibngt
tdngtrongvictruyntnhiu

CSE501035DataCommunication

24

MultilevelBinary

Dngnhiuhn2mc
BipolarAMI(AlternateMark
Inversion)

Bit0cbiudinbngkhngc
tnhiu
Bit1cbiudinbngxung
dnghayxungm
Ccxung1thayicctnhxenk
Khngmtngbkhidliul
mtdy1di(dy0vnbvn
ngb)
Amplitude
Khngcthnhphnmtchiu
Bngthngthp
0 1
Phthinliddng

Pseudoternary

1cbiudinbngkhngctn
hiu
0cbiudinbngxungdng
mxenknhau
Khngcuimvnhcimso
vibipolarAMI

CSE501035DataCommunication

Time

The 0s are positive and negative alternately

25

MultilevelBinary

TradeOff

KhnghiuqubngNRZ
Miphntt/hchbiudin1bit

Hthng3mccthbiudinlog23=1.58bit

Bthuphickhnngphnbit3mc(+A,A,0)

Cnthmkhong3dBcngsuttccngxcsutbit
li
0

CSE501035DataCommunication

26

Biphase

Manchester

Thayigiathikhongbit
Thayicdngnhtnhiungbdliu
LHbiudin1
HLbiudin0
DngtrongIEEE802.3

CSE501035DataCommunication

27

Biphase

DifferentialManchester

Thayigiathikhongbitchdngchongb
Thayiuthikhongbiudin0
Khngcthayiuthikhongbiudin1
DngtrongIEEE802.5

CSE501035DataCommunication

28

Biphase

uvnhcim

Nhcim

Tithiuc1thayitrong

thikhong1bitvcthc2
Tciuchtiabng2
lnNRZ
Cnbngthngrnghn

uim

ngbdavosthayi

giathikhongbit(self
clocking)
Khngcthnhphnmt
chiu
Phthinli

Khithiusthayimong
i

CSE501035DataCommunication

29

Biphase

CSE501035DataCommunication

30

PolarEncoding

CSE501035DataCommunication

31

Bitp

CSE501035DataCommunication

32

Bitp

CSE501035DataCommunication

33

Bitp
1

NRZL
NRZI

AMI

PseudoTernary

Manchester

Differential
Manchester
CSE501035DataCommunication

34

Bitp
1

NRZL
NRZI

AMI

PseudoTernary

Manchester

Differential
Manchester
CSE501035DataCommunication

35

Bitp
0

CSE501035DataCommunication

36

Bitp
NRZL
NRZI

AMI

PseudoTernary

Manchester

Differential
Manchester
CSE501035DataCommunication

37

Bitp
NRZL

NRZI

AMI

PseudoTernary

Manchester

Differential
Manchester
CSE501035DataCommunication

38

Bitp
0

CSE501035DataCommunication

39

Scrambling

Dngkthutscramblingthaythccchuitorahngs
inp
Chuithayth

Phitorasthayitnhiu,dngchovicngbha
Phicnhndinbibthuvthaythtrlichuibanu
Cngdinhchuibanu

Khngcthnhphnmtchiu
Khngtorachuidicctnhiumc0
Khnggimtcdliu
Ckhnngphthinli

CSE501035DataCommunication

40

B8ZS

B8ZS(BipolarWith8ZerosSubstitution)

DatrnbipolarAMI
Nuc8s0lintipvxunginpcuicngtrcldng,m
thnh000+0+
Nuc8s0lintipvxunginpcuicngtrclm,mthnh
000+0+
Gyra2viphmmAMI
Cthlmlnvitcnggyrabinhiu
Bthuphthinvdingiichngthnh8s0lintip

CSE501035DataCommunication

41

B8ZS

CSE501035DataCommunication

42

HDB3
HDB3(HighDensityBipolar3Zeros)

DatrnbipolarAMI
Chui4s0lintipcthayththeoquylutnhsau

CSE501035DataCommunication

43

HDB3

CSE501035DataCommunication

44

Bitp

CSE501035DataCommunication

45

Bitp

CSE501035DataCommunication

46

Bitp
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

AMI

B8ZS

HDB3

CSE501035DataCommunication

47

Bitp
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

AMI

B8ZS

HDB3

CSE501035DataCommunication

48

Sosnhccphngphpmha

Phtnhiu

ngb

Cthctchhptrongcchmha

Nhiuvkhnngminnhim

ngbbthuvbpht
Tnhiungbngoivi
Cchngbdatrntnhiu

Khnngphthinli

Victhiuthnhphntnscaolmgimyucuvbngthng
Tptrungcngsutgiabngthng

Vimtthnccmkhc

phctpvchiph

Tctnhiucaohn(vdotcdliucaohn)dntichiph
cao
Vimihitctnhiucaohntcdliu

CSE501035DataCommunication

49

DigitalAnalog

ngdng

Thitb

Dngtruyndliustrnmnginthoi
cngcng
300Hz3400Hz
MODEM(MOdulatorDEMulator)

Analoganddigital
transmission
Analog Analog Digital
signal
signal
data
Digital Analog Digital
signal
signal
data

Kthut

iubin:AmplitudeShiftKeying(ASK)
iutn:FrequencyShiftKeying(FSK)
iupha:PhaseShiftKeying(PSK)

DigitalAnalog

ASK

FSK

PSK

QAM

CSE501035DataCommunication

50

iubin(ASK)

Dng2binkhcnhaucasngmangbiudin0v1
(thngthngmtbinbng0)

A cos(2f t + c ) binary 1
s (t ) =
0
binary 0

Sdngmttnssngmangduynht
Phngphpnychphhptrongtruynsliutcthp
(~1200bpstrnknhtruynthoi)
Tnscatnhiusngmangcdngphthucvochun
giaotipangcsdng
Kthutcdngtrongcpquang

CSE501035DataCommunication

51

iubin(ASK)

CSE501035DataCommunication

52

iubin(ASK)

CSE501035DataCommunication

53

iutn(FSK)BinaryFSK(BFSK)

Sdnghaitnssngmang:tnscaotngngmc1,tns
thptngngmc0.
A cos(2f1t + c ) binary 1
s (t ) =
A cos(2f 2t + c ) binary 0

tlihnsoviASK
csdngtruyndliutc1200bpshaythphntrn
mnginthoi
Cthdngtnscao(330MHz)truyntrnsngradiohoc
cpngtrc

CSE501035DataCommunication

54

iutn(FSK)BinaryFSK(BFSK)

CSE501035DataCommunication

55

iutn(FSK)Multiple(FSK)

Dngnhiuhn2tns
Bngthngcdnghiuquhn
Khnnglinhiuhn
Miphnttnhiubiudinnhiuhn1bitdliu

CSE501035DataCommunication

56

iupha(PSK)

Sdngmttnssngmangvthayiphacasngmangny
A cos(2f c t + )
s (t ) =
A cos(2f c t )

binary 1
binary 0

PSKviphn(differentialPSK)thayiphatngisovi
sngtrc(thayvsovisngthamchiucnh)
Chophpmhanhiubittrnmithayitnhiusngmang
(PhaseAmplitudeModulation)
Phngphpnythngcdngtrongtruyndliutc
2400bps(2bitsperphasechangeCCITTV.26)hoc4800bps(3
bitsencodingperphasechangeCCITTV.27)hoc9600bps(4
bitsencodingperphase/amplitudechange)
TngqutchomhaNRZL
D=

CSE501035DataCommunication

R
R
=
l log 2 L

D : modulation rate (bauds)

R : data rate (bps)
l : number of bits per signal element
L : number of different signal elements
57

iupha(PSK)

CSE501035DataCommunication

58

iupha(PSK)

QuadraturePSK(QPSK)

A cos( 2f c t + 0 )
00

A cos(2f ct + 90 ) 01
s (t ) =

A
cos(
2

f
t
+
180
) 10
c

A cos(2f ct + 270 ) 11

MaryPSK
Hthng64v256trngthi
Cithintcdliuvibngthngkhngi
Tngkhnngtimnli

CSE501035DataCommunication

59

Hiusut

Bngthng

BngthngASKvPSKlinquantrctipvitcbit

BT=(1+r)R

BngthngFSKcquanhvitcdliuivicctn
sthp,cquanhvidchchuyncacctnsiuch
ivitnscao

BT=2F+(1+r)R

Tnhiunhiumc

BT=(1+r)R/m=(1+r)R/log2M

Trongtrnghpcli,tclicaPSKvQPSK
caohnkhong3dBsoviASKvFSK

CSE501035DataCommunication

60

QuadratureAmplitudeModulation(QAM)

QAMcdngtrongADSLvmtshthngwireless
KthpgiaASKvPSK
MrnglogiccaQPSK
Gingthi2tnhiukhcnhaucngtnsmang

Dng2bnsaocasngmang,mtcicdchi90
MisngmanglASKciuch
2tnhiuclptrncngmitrng
Giiiuchvkthpchodliunhphnbanu

CSE501035DataCommunication

61

DigitalAnalog

CSE501035DataCommunication

62

AnalogDigital

ngdng

Dngtruyndliutngttrnmng
truyndlius

Sha

DliuscthtruyndngNRZLhaycc
loimkhc

Thitb

Tndngccuimcatruyndns(thit
br,dngrepeater,TDM,)

CODEC(COderDECoder)

Kthut

iuchxungm:PulseCodeModulation
(PCM)
iuchDelta:DeltaModulation(DM)

CSE501035DataCommunication

Analoganddigitaltransmission
Analog
data
Digital
data

Analog
signal

Digital
signal

Analog
signal

Digital
signal

AnalogDigital

PCM

DM

63

iuchxungm(PCM)

Lthuytlymu
Nutnhiuf(t)clymuuvitclymucao
hntithiu2lntnstnhiucaonht,thccmuthu
cchathngtincatnhiubanu.T/hf(t)cth
ctito,dngblcthngthp
CngthcNyquist:N>=2f

N:tclymu
f:tnscatnhiuclymu

Dliutingni

m ax
11111111

Giihntns<4000Hz
Tclymucnthit

8000mu/giy

00000001
00000000
m in

CSE501035DataCommunication

64

iuchxungm(PCM)
Continuoustime,
continuousamplitude
(analog)inputsignal

Digitalbit
streamoutput
signal

CcxungclymutnsR=2B

LngthaccxungPAM

Discretetime,
discreteamplitude
signal(PCMpulses)

PAM(PulseAmplitudeModulation)

Discretetime,
continuousamplitude
signal(PAMpulses)

Xcnhgitrcaimclymu,rivokhongnothlygitrkhong

Tythucvoccmclngt2n(nlsbitcnthitsha1xung)

Mhadliu

Thchinccthaotcmhathngtintrckhitruyni

CSE501035DataCommunication

65

iuchxungm(PCM)

CSE501035DataCommunication

66

iuchxungm

CSE501035DataCommunication

67

Nonlinearcoding

Mclngtkhngu
Gimmotnhiu
Companding(compressingexpanding)

CSE501035DataCommunication

68

iuchDelta(DM)

Tnhiutngtcxpxbihmbcthang(staircase)
Hnhvinhphn

ilnhayxung1mc()timithikhonglymu

Hiusut

titotingnitt
PCM128mc(7bit)
Bngthngthoi4khz
Cn8000x7=56kbpsiviPCM

Kthutnndliucthcithinthm

Vd:kthutmxenkhung(interframecoding)chovideo

CSE501035DataCommunication

69

iuchDelta(DM)

CSE501035DataCommunication

70

iuchDelta(DM)

CSE501035DataCommunication

71

AnalogAnalog

ngdng

Dngiuchdliutngt:thayitns
truyn(tnscaohntruyndntthn)
DngchoFDM

Kthut

iuchbin:AmplitudeModulation(AM)
iuchgc(AngleModulation)
iuchtns:FrequencyModulation(FM)
iuchpha:PhaseModulation(PM)

Analoganddigitaltransmission
Analog
data
Digital
data

Analog
signal

Digital
signal

Analog
signal

Digital
signal

AnalogAnalog

AM

Angle

FM

CSE501035DataCommunication

PM

72

iuchbin(AM)

Bincasngmangcthayibibincatnhiu
ctruyni
s(t)=[1+nax(t)]cos(2?fct)

Torat/h2bn(DSBTC),trongchcncmtbn
na<1t/hbaolbnsaocat/hbanu
na>1t/hbaocttrcthigian(thngtinbmt)
Pt=Pc(1+na2/2)

PtvPccngsutt/hctruynivt/hsngmang
nachsiuch,tsbint/hctruynvsngmang

uim

SSBvDSBSC

Dhinthc(iuchvgiiiuch)
Dbinitnhiusangccgiibngtnkhcnhau

Khuytim

Dbnhhngcanhiu
Khngsdnghiuqunnglng

CSE501035DataCommunication

73

iuchbin(AM)
M(f)

M(f)

f
Discretecarrier
term

Lower
sideband

Upper
sideband
fcB

CSE501035DataCommunication

fc

fc+B

74

iuchtns(FM)

CSE501035DataCommunication

75

iuchgc

s(t)=Accos[2fct+(t)]

Phngphpiutns(FM)
Tnhiuctruynithayithnhphntnscasng
mangtlvibinvtnscatnhiutruyni
(t)=nfm(t)

uim
Khbnhhngcanhiu
Sdnghiuqunnglng

Khuytim
Tnhiuciuchyucubngthngrnghnnhiutnhiu

truynibanu(dliu)
Hinthcmchiuchvgiiiuchphctphnsoviphng
phpiubin
CSE501035DataCommunication

76

iuchgc

CSE501035DataCommunication

77

iuchgc

Phngphpiuchpha(PM)

(t)=npm(t)
Tnhiutruynikhngnhhngnthnhphnbinv
tnsmchlmthayiphacasngmang
Phtnscatnhiuciuchtheophngphpiu
phatngtnhphngphpiutnphngphpiu
phacngccccimtngtphngphpiutn
Tuynhin,chaildophngphpiuphacdchp
nhnhn

ivibnnhn:tnscatnhiunhnclcnh,chcpha

thayinnchcnthitkblctnschchomttnsduynht
thayvnhiutnsnhtrongphngphpiutn?gimchiphthit
kvhinthcmch
Trongtrnghptnhiuiuchchnhnmtsgitr(nhtnhiu
s),mchiuchvgiiiuchhinthctheophngphpiu
phacnginrtnhiu

CSE501035DataCommunication

78

Hiusut

Bngthng

AM
BT=2B

FM&PM
BT=2(+1)B

FM&PMcnbngthnglnhnsoviAM

CSE501035DataCommunication

79

CutrcknhtruynMdliu

Baudot(EmileBaudot)

ASCII(AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange)

7bit(128m),baogmccktchthngvhoa,ccktchs,cckt
duchmcuvccktcbit.
Phbinnhthinnaycsdngtronggiaotipdliutunt.

EBCDIC(ExtendedBinaryCodedDecimalInterchangeCode)

5bit(32m)
dng2m5bit(letter&figure)mhtcckt,chsvdu

8bit
cdngtrongcchthngmytnhIBM

Unicode

16hoc32bit
Hahncsdngrngritrongtnglai

CSE501035DataCommunication

80

MBaudot

JAMESBOND007SAYSHI!

CSE501035DataCommunication

81

MASCII

CSE501035DataCommunication

82

Cutrcknhtruyn

Songsong(Parallel)

Mibitdngmtngtruynring.Nuc8bitsctruynngthi
syucu8ngtruynclp
truyndliutrnmtngtruynsongsong,mtknhtruynring
cdngthngbochobnnhnbitkhinodliucsn(clock
signal)
Cnthmmtknhtruynkhcbnnhnbochobngibitlsn
sngnhndliuktip

CSE501035DataCommunication

83

Cutrcknhtruyn

Tunt(Serial)

Ttcccbituctruyntrncngmtngtruyn,bit
nytiptheosaubitkia
Khngcnccngtruynringchotnhiungbvtn
hiubttay(cctnhiunycmhavodliutruyn
i)
2cchtruyn

Btngb:miktcngbbistartvstopbit
ngb:mikhiktcngbdngc

CSE501035DataCommunication

84

Truynbtngb

Dliuctruyntheokt(58bits)

Hnhvi

Chcngingbtrongmtkt
Tingbchomiktmi

ividngdliuu,khongcchgiaccktlngnht(chiu
dicaphntstop)
trngthirnh,bthuphthinschuyn10
Lymu7khongktip(chiudikt)
ivicchuyn10choktktip

Hiusut

ngin
R
Phtn2hoc3bitchomtkt(~20%)
Thchhpchodliuvikhongtrnggiaccktln(dliunhpt
bnphm)

CSE501035DataCommunication

85

Truynbtngb

CSE501035DataCommunication

86

Truynbtngb

ngbbit

Chuyni1bytethngtinthnh/tchuibit

PISOSIPO

Clockthngmtngb

BthuthngdngclockgpNlnclockcabpht

CSE501035DataCommunication

87

Truynbtngb

CSE501035DataCommunication

88

Truynbtngb

ngbkt(charactersynchronization):dngstartv
stopbit

CSE501035DataCommunication

89

Truynbtngbkhung

ngbkhung(framesynchronization):dngccktiu
khin(STX,ETX,DLE)
S T X

S ta r t b it

E T X

S T X

S to p b it

F ra m e c o n te n ts
(p r in ta b le c h a r a c te r s )

E T X

D L E

D L E

S T X

E T X

D L E
S T X
In s e r t e d
D L E

D L E
D L E

F ra m e c o n te n ts
( b in a r y d a t a )

D L E
E T X

CSE501035DataCommunication

90

Truynbtngbtcxungclock

CSE501035DataCommunication

91

Truynbtngbtcxungclock

CSE501035DataCommunication

92

Truynbtngbtcxungclock

CSE501035DataCommunication

93

Truynngb

Truynkhngcnstart/stop
Phictnhiungb
ngbbit(bitsynchronization):sdngccphngphpsau

Clockencodingandextraction(Timestamp)

Tchhpthngtinngb(clock)votrongdliutruyn
unhnstchthngtinngbdavodliunhnc
RZ,Manchester(NRZsignaling),differentialManchester

DigitalPhaseLockLoop

Dngmtngtnhiungbringbit
Sdngmtngunclocknnhcgingbvidliuntininhn
Mhathngtinphimbocsthayibittrongmtkhongthigian
ngunclockctingb
Cnsdngccphngphpmhanhphn(AMI,HDB3,B8ZS)
Thchhpkhitruynmtkhongcchngn
Tnhiungbdbsuygimtrnngtruyn

CSE501035DataCommunication

94

Mhavtchdliungb
T r a n s m ite r

R e c e iv e r
C lo c k
encoder

TimeStamp

TxD

Local
c lo c k

P IS O

R xD

C lo c k
e x tra c t
c ir c u it

S IP O

B it s tr e a m
TxC
M a n c h e s te r e n c o d e d
s ig n a l ( T x D /R x D )
E x tr a c te d c lo c k ( R x C )
R e c e iv e d d a ta

CSE501035DataCommunication

95

DigitalPhaseLockLoop
T r a n s m ite r

R e c e iv e r
B it
encoder

DPLL

TxD

R xD

B it
decoder
DPLL

P IS O

Hybrid

Local
c lo c k

xN
lo c a l
c lo c k

T r a n s m ite r

R e c e iv e r
C lo c k
encoder

TxD

R xD

DPLL
P IS O

CSE501035DataCommunication

S IP O

Local
c lo c k

S IP O

xN
lo c a l
c lo c k

96

Truynngb

ngbkhung(framesynchronization):sdngccphngphpsau

Characterorientedsynchronoustransmission

Bitorientersynchronoustransmission

Dngccktiukhin:SYN,STX,ETX,DLE.
Dngccmubitiukhin(flagbyteorflagpattern)

bitstuffingproblem
Hiuqu(phtnthp)hnsovitruynbtngb

CSE501035DataCommunication

97

Li

CSE501035DataCommunication

98

iukhinli

Mitrngtruyndnbnhiu(in,t,)dliunhncli
2cchkhcphckhiphthincli

Forwarderrorcontrol:thngtinsasaicthmvocckthoccc
frametruyni,bnnhncthphthinkhinoclivlinm
usa(ckhnngsali)
Feedback(backward)errorcontrol:thngtinsasaicthmvocck
thocccframetruynichphthinkhinocli(khngc
khnngsali).Cchyucutruynlikt/framesaicdng
trongtrnghpny

Cchphthinli

BER:xcsut1bitnblitrongmtthikhongnhtnh
Phnloili

Singlebiterrornhiutrng
Bursterror:chuiccbitlintipblinhiuxung,suygim(khitruynv
tuyn)

CSE501035DataCommunication

99

Qutrnhphthinsai

CSE501035DataCommunication

100

Parity

Bitparity

Paritychn:(N+P)philmts
chn
Parityl:(N+P)philmtsl

N:tngsbit1ctrongdliucn
kimtrali
P:gitrcabitparity,l0hay1sao
chotngsbit1(N+P)lunlmt
schn(l)tytheophngphp
paritychnhayltngng

Data
( ASCII )
h
e

B1
1
1

CSE501035DataCommunication

B2
0
0

B3
0
0

Data
B4
0
0

B5
0
0

B6
1
0

B7
1
1

Parity bit
(odd )
0
1
101

Parity

cim
Chdclisaimtslbit,
khngdclisaimts
chnbit
Khngsacli
Hiusuttruynthngtinkm,
dosbitthmvodtmli
chimtllnsovidliu
truyni.

CSE501035DataCommunication

102

BlockSumCheck

BlockSumCheck(BSC):sdngparityhngvct

Khngsacsai,chsacsaikhisbitsaitrongdliulmt
Dtmcttccclisaimtslbitvhuhtcclisaimts
chnbit.
Khngdclisaimtschnbitxyrangthitrnchngvct.

Data
H
E
L
L
O
BCC
(odd)

Start
1
1
1
1
1
1

CSE501035DataCommunication

B1
0
1
0
0
1
1

B2
0
0
1
1
1
0

B3
0
0
0
0
0
1

Data
B4
0
0
0
0
0
1

B5
0
0
0
0
0
1

B6
0
0
0
0
0
1

B7
1
1
1
1
1
0

Parity
(even)
1
0
0
0
1
1

Stop
0
0
0
0
0
0

103

BlockSumCheck

Binth

Dngtngb1(1scomplementsum)thaychotngmodulo2(2modulo
sum)
Cckttrongblockctruynccoinhccsnhphnkhngdu
Tthnphngphpmodulo2

0 0 0 0 0 1 0

cont ent

1s com plem ent sum

0 0 0 0 0 1 0

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 com m un ica t ion 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

1 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 1 1

1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0

0 1 1 0 0 1 0

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

1 0 0 1 1 0 1

invert

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Zeroin1s com plem ent

0 1 1 0 0 1 0

CSE501035DataCommunication

104

CyclicRedundancyCheck

Nguynl

kbitmessage
BnphttorachuinbitFCS(FrameCheckSequence)saochoframe
gii(k+nbit)chiahtcho1sxcnhtrc
Bnthuchiaframenhncchocng1svnukhngcphndth
ckhnngkhngcli

Shcmodulo2

Exlusiveor

1 1 1 1
+ 1 0 1 0

1 1 0 0 1

0 1 0 1
x

1 1
1 1 0 0 1

1 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1
CSE501035DataCommunication

105

CyclicRedundancyCheck

XcnhFCS
T:framectruyn(k+nbit)
M:messagedliucntruyn(kbitucaT)
F:FCS(nbitsaucaT)
P:schiacxcnhtrc(n+1bit)

Kimtra

T = 2n M + F
2n M
R
= Q+
P
P

F=R

T = 2n M + R
T 2n M + R
R R
=
=Q+ + =Q
P
P
P P
CSE501035DataCommunication

106

CyclicRedundancyCheck

CchkhcxcnhFCS:athc

M=111101M(x)=X5+X4+X3+X2+1
P=1101P=X3+X2+1
FCSc3bits(n=3)
Dliudchtrinbits:2nM(x)=X8+X7+X6+X5+X3
X3+X2+1

X8+X7+X6+X5+X3
X8+X7+X5
X6+X3
X6+X5+X3
X5
X5+X4+X2

T=111101011

X4+X2
X4+X3+X
X3+X2+X
X3+X2+1

CSE501035DataCommunication

FCS=011

X+1
107

CyclicRedundancyCheck
M

111101
1101

111101 00
0
1101
1001
1101
1000
1101
1010
1101
1110
1101

111101011
CSE501035DataCommunication

FCS

011

108

CyclicRedundancyCheck

Dihn1bitsoviFCSmongmun
cchntythucvoloilimongmunphthin
Yucutithiu:msbvlsbphil1

Biudinli

Error=nghchobit(i.e.exclusiveorcabitvi1)
Tr=T+E
T:framectruyn
Tr:framenhnc
E:errorpatternvi1tinhngvtrlixyra

ErrorkhngbphthiniffTrchiahtchoP(i.e.iffEchiahtchoP)

Cclicphthin

Ttccclibitn
TtccclikpnuPctnht3tonhng
MtsllibtknuPcha1thas(X+1)
BtklichmnomchiudicachmnhhnchiudiFCS
Huhtcclichmlnhn

CSE501035DataCommunication

109

CyclicRedundancyCheck

4Pcsdngrngri

CRC12=X12+X11+X3+X2+X+1
12bitFCS
6bitcharacters

CRC16=X16+X15+X2+1
16bitFCS
8bitcharacters

CRCCCITT=X16+X12+X5+1

US

Europe

CRC32=X32+X26+X23+X22+X16+X12+X11+X10+X8+X7
+X5+X4+X2+X+1

32bitFCS
Pointpointsynchronoustransmission,DoDapps

CSE501035DataCommunication

110

CyclicRedundancyCheck
Message

FCS0
P1

+
EE
P=110101

+
X

FCS1
P2

FCS2
Pn2

EE

D
D

D
D

Pn1

CC

FCSn2

BB

FCSn1

A
A

P=111011

+
CC
BB
+

EE

D
D

CC

BB

A
A

P=101011

A
A
CSE501035DataCommunication

111

CyclicRedundancyCheck
M=1010001101
P=110101
1

Initial

Step1

Step2

Step3

Step4

D
D

Step5

Step6

Step7

Step8

CC

Step9

Step10

Step11

Step12

Step13

Step14

Step15

1010001101

EE

x2

BB
x

+
A
A

Input

FCS=01110
CSE501035DataCommunication

112

Sali

Sacclicphthinthngthngyucutruyn
likhidliu
Khngthchhpchoccngdngtraoidliu
khngdy

BERcao

Truynlinhiu

Thigiantrtruynlnhnnhiusovithigiantruynd
liu(vdtruynvtinh)

Khidliuctruynliblivnhiukhidliukhctiptheo

Cnthitphisalidavoccdliunhnc

CSE501035DataCommunication

113

Qutrnhsasai

CSE501035DataCommunication

114

Qutrnhsasai

Mikhidliukbitcnhxvokhinbit(n>k)
TmCodeword
Forwarderrorcorrection(FEC)encoder

Codewordctruyni
Chuibitnhnctngtnhchuictruyni,
nhngcchali
CodewordcgitibgiimFEC
Nukhngcli,trchxutkhidliubanu
Mtvimulicthcphthinvsali
Mtvimulicthcphthinnhngkhngsac
Mtvimulicthkhngcphthin(txyra)

FECtrchxutkhidliusai

CSE501035DataCommunication

115

Cuhnhngtruyn

Cuhnh

Spxpvtlcctrmtrnmi
trng

Cuhnhtruynthng

CSE501035DataCommunication

116

Giaotip

Giaotip

Thitbxldliu(DTE)thngkhngcccphngtinphtdliu
Cnmtthitbgiaotip(DCE)vd:modem,NIC,
DCEphtccbitdliutrnmitrngtruyndn
DCEtraoidliuvthngtiniukhinviDTE
cthchinthngquamchtraoi
Cnmtchungiaotiprrng

ctnh

Ckh

in

inp,nhthi,mha,

Chcnng

Ktni

Dliu,iukhin,nhthi,t,

Thtc

Chuiccskin

CSE501035DataCommunication

117

ChunV.24/EIA232F

ITUTv.24

Chctchcnngvthtc
Thamkhoccchunkhcchoccctnhckhvctnhin

EIA232F(USA)

RS232
ctnhckh:ISO2110
ctnhin:v.28
Chcnng:v.24
Thtc:v.24

CSE501035DataCommunication

118

KtniV.24/EIA232(DTE)

CSE501035DataCommunication

119

V.24

EIA232

Name

Directionto

Function

Datasignals
103

BA

Transmitteddata

DCE

TransmittedbyDTE

104

BB

Receiveddata

DTE

ReceivedbyDTE

Controlsignals
105

CA

Requesttosend

DCE

DTEwishestotransmit

106

CB

Cleartosend

DTE

DCEisreadytoreceive,responsetoRTS

107

CC

DCEready

DTE

DCEisreadytooperate

108.2

CD

DTEready

DCE

DTEisreadytooperate

125

CE

Ringindicator

DTE

DCEisreceivingaringingsignalonthechannelline

109

CF

Receivedlinesignaldetector

DTE

DCEisreceivingasignalwithinappropriatelimitsonthe
channelline

Timingsignals
113

DA

Transmittersig.elm.timing

DCE

Clockingsignal

114

DB

Transmittersig.elm.timing

DTE

Clockingsignal;

115

DD

Receiversig.elm.timing

DTE

Clockingsignalforcircuit104

Ground
102

AB

Signalground/commonreturn

CSE501035DataCommunication

Commongroundreferenceforallcircuits
120

Local/Remoteloopbacktesting

DTE

LocalDCE
Localloopbacktesting

DTE

LocalDCE

RemoteDCE
Remoteloopbacktesting

CSE501035DataCommunication

121

Nghithc

Vdmodemringbtngb
Khimodemcbtlnvsnsng,n(DCE)bttnhiuDCE
ready
KhiDTEsnsnggidliu,nbttnhiuRequestToSend

Cmchnhndliu(nutrongchtruynhalfduplex)

ModemplisnsngbngtnhiuClearToSend
DTEgidliu
Khidliun,modemgnvoDTEsbttnhiuLineSignal
DetectorvgidliuchoDTE

CSE501035DataCommunication

122

Hotngquays(1)

CSE501035DataCommunication

123

Hotngquays(2)

CSE501035DataCommunication

124

Hotngquays(3)

CSE501035DataCommunication

125

ChungiaotipEIARS232C

DTRon
DSRon
number
DCDon
RxDon
DCDoff
RTSon
CTSon

Connectionset
u

CarrierOn
Datatones
CarrierOff
CarrierOn

TxDon

Datatones

RTSoff
CTSoff

CarrierOff

DCDoff
DTRoff
DSRoff

DTRon
DSRon
RIon
RTSon
CTSon
TxD
RTSoff
CTSoff
DCDon
RxDon
RTSoff
CTSoff

DTR

DataTerminalReady

DSR

DataSetReady

DCD

DataCarrierDetect

RI

RingIndicator

RTS

RequestToSend

CTS

ClearToSend

TxD

TransmittedData

RxD

ReceivedData

DCDoff
DTRoff
DSRoff
Time

CSE501035DataCommunication

126

TraoithngtingiaDCEvDTE

TraoithngtingiaDTEv
DCE

Truyndliu(DTEDCE)

BtDTRvRTS
iDSR
iCTS
Truyndliu

Traoithngtingia2DTE

KhngcnDCE
Nullmodemcable

Nhndliu(DCEDTE)

BtDTR
iDSR
Nhndliu

CSE501035DataCommunication

127

CuhnhdydnktniDTEDTE

CSE501035DataCommunication

128

Nndliu

Runlengthencoding(packeddecimal)
Dngchomessagegmccchs
MBCDthayvASCII
Cthdng4bitthpiviccthngtiny

Uncompressed

STX

00110010 00110001 00111001 00111000 00110101 00110110

2

STX

PackedDecimal

STX

Control

CSE501035DataCommunication

0010 0001 1001 1000 0101 0110

STX

129

Nndliu

Differentialencoding(relativeencoding)

Encodingusedifdifferencesbetweenvaluesismuchsmallerthanthevaluesthemselves

Original 1509

1506

1508

1510

1511

1509

1513

Encoded

+2

+2

+1

+4

1509

Sendonlythedifferenceinmagnitude
STX

ETX BCC
Endofvaluedelimiters

Flag

+3

+4

Charactersuppresion

+5

+5

+4

+3

Flag

Alldifferencevaluesbinaryencoded
inasingle(signed)byte

Encodingusedif3ormoreofsamecharacterfound

Original

AAAABBCCCCCDEEEEFF

Encoded

A4B2C5D1EEEE4F2

CSE501035DataCommunication

130

Nndliu

Huffmanencoding(StatisticalMethods)

cim

ylmthngk(phngphpnnmtiu)
Mhadatrnxcsutsdngcacckt
Nhngktcdngnhiunhtsctmngnnht
Khngctnhprefix

Giithut

Spxpccnguntincxcsutgimdn
Mtcpbit01cgncho2nguntincxcsutnhnht
2nguntinnyckthp,tothnhnguntinmicxcsutbngtng
xcsutca2nguntinthnhphn
Spxpliccnguntintheothtgimdncaxcsut
Qutrnhtrnclplinkhi2nguntincuicngckthp
Tmchominguntincvittheothttgcnngn

ChiuditmtrungbnhLavg=
li:chiudinguntinXi
pi:xcsutxutnguntinXi

l xp
i

CSE501035DataCommunication

131

Huffmancode
C T

P ro b

25

0 .2 1

24

0 .1 7

26

0 .1 5

23
27

0 .1 2
0 .1 0

22

0 .0 6

0 .0 9

0 .1 0

28

0 .0 5

0 .0 6

0 .0 9

21

0 .0 5

0 .0 5

0 .0 6

29

0 .0 4

0 .0 5

20
30

0 .0 3
0 .0 2

0 .1 5
0 .1 2

0
1

0 .0 5

0 .0 4

1
2
2
1
1

5
0
5
0

0 .1 0

0 .1 0

0 .2 7

0 .3 2

0 .4 1

0 .2 0

0 .2 1

0 .2 7

0 .3 2

0 .1 7

0 .2 0

0 .2 1

0 .2 7

0 .1 5
0 .1 5

0 .2

0 .1 7
0 .1 5

0 .1 2

P r o b a b ilit y d is t r ib u t io n

5
21 23 29 27 29
L

avg

= 2 .0 ,2 1 + 3 .0 ,1 7 + 3 .0 ,1 5 + 3 .0 ,1 2 + 3 .0 ,1 + 4 .0 ,0 6 + 4 .0 ,0 5 + 4 .0 ,0 5 +
5 .0 ,0 4 + 6 .0 .0 3 + 6 .0 ,0 2 = 3 ,1 8 b its

CSE501035DataCommunication

0
1
C T

H u ffm a n c o d e

25

24

26

23

27

22

28

21

29
20

30

0 .5 9

0 .4 1

132

Nndliu

ShannonFanoencoding(StatisticalMethods)

cim
Mtiu
Khngctnhprefix

Giithut
Spxpccnguntintheothtgimdnvxcsut
Chiaccnguntinthnhhaiphncxcsutxpxnhauvgn0cho

phntrn,gn1chophndi
Lplibctrnchomiphnchonkhichcnmtnguntin
Ghiracctm

CSE501035DataCommunication

133

ShannonFano
Ccnguntinvxcsutxuthincaccnguntintngng
X1(30%),X2(20%),X3(10%),X4(10%),X5(20%),X6(5%),X7(3%),X8(2%)
Lavg=2.0,3+2.0,2+3.0,2+3.0,1+3.0,1+4.0,05+5.0,03+5.0,02=2,65bits

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Initial
Xi
%
X1
30
X2
20
X3
10
X4
10
X5
20
X6
5
X7
3
X8
2

CSE501035DataCommunication

Sorted
Shannon-Fano code
Xi % Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5
X1 30
0
0
X2 20
0
1
X5 20
1
0
0
X3 10
1
0
1
X4 10
1
1
0
X6 5
1
1
1
0
X7 3
1
1
1
1
0
X8 2
1
1
1
1
1

Code word
00
01
100
101
110
1110
11110
11111
134

Phnhpknh(Multiplexing)
Multiplexing
Multiplexing

FrequencyDivision
FrequencyDivision
Multiplexing(FDM)
Multiplexing(FDM)

TimeDivision
TimeDivision
Multiplexing(TDM)
Multiplexing(TDM)

Synchronous
Synchronous

CSE501035DataCommunication

Asynchronous
Asynchronous

135

FrequencyDivisionMultiplexing(FDM)

Phngphpnychhinthcc
khibngthngmitrngtruynln
hnbngthngmtnhiuc
truynyucu

Nhiutnhiucthctruyn
ngthinumitnhiuciu
chtrnmttnssngmang

Cctnssngmangkhcnhausao
chobngthngcacctnhiuc
iuchkhngtrnglpnhau(guard
bands)

Vdbroadcastradio

Knhtruynccpphtngayc
khikhngcdliu(cpphttnh)

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FDM

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FDM

Animation
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FDM

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FDM
FDMca3knhthoi

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FDM

AT&Tsanaloghierachy
AT&Tsanaloghierachy

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WavelengthDivisionMultiplexing

Nhiuchmnhsngvitnskhcnhau
Truyntrongcpquang
MtdngcaFDM
Mimunhsng(chiudisngkhcnhau)ctruyntrn
knhdliuringbit
1997tiBellLabs

100chmnhsnh
Michmtc10Gbps
1terabitpersecond(Tbps)

Hthngthngmihintic160knh,miknh10Gbps
Phngthnghim(Alcatel)cthc256knhvitc39.8
Gbpsmiknh

10.1Tbps
Trn100km

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HotngWDM

CngkintrctngqutnhccFDMkhc
Ngunsngtoraccchmlaservitnskhcnhau
Nhiuchmsngkthpvinhaulantruyntrncngmt
cpquang
Bkhuchiquanghc

Khuchittcchiudisngkhcnhau
Thngthngkhongcch~10km

Phnknhtichn
Thngthngtmchiudisng1550nm
200MHzperchannel
Hintilnn50GHz

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DenseWavelengthDivisionMultiplexing

DWDM
Chacnhnghachnhthc(chachunha)
CcknhstnhauhnWDM
200GHz

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TimeDivisionMultiplexing(TDM)

SynchronousTDM

Phngphpnychhinthcckhitcdliu(bngthng,)mitrng
truynlnhntcdliumtnhiuctruynyucu

Nhiutnhiu(canalogvdigital)cthctruynngthitrncngmt
ngtruynbngcchanxenccphncamitnhiutheothigian(timeslot)

Timeslotcgntrcvtnh(timeslotccpphtngayckhikhngcd
liutruyn)

Timeslotcthcgnkhngngugiaccngundliu

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TDM

CSE501035DataCommunication

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TDM

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TDM

TDMAnimation

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TDMiukhinlinkt

Khngcnheadervtailer
Khngcnccnghithciukhinlinktdliu(cho
tonbngtruynphn/hp)
iukhindng
Tcdliucangtruynphn/hpcnh
Nucmtknhkhngthnhndliu,ccknhkhcvn
tiptc
Ngunphttngngphingng

bknhtrng(emptyslot)
iukhinli

Licphthinvxlbitngknhringbit

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TDMiukhinlinkt

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TDMFraming

Khngcc(flag)hocccktSYNCngkhungccb
TDM
Phiccchngb
Cchngkhungs

MtbitiukhincthmvomibTDM

Dngmubitnhdngtrnknhiukhin

Ccbitiukhinnytothnhmtknhkhcknhiukhin
Vdmu01010101,khcviknhdliu

Sosnhmubitntrntngknhvimubitmubitngb

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TDMpulsestuffing

Vn:ngbccngundliukhcnhau
Tnhiuclocktrnccngundliukhcnhaubtri
(drift)
Tcdliucaccngundliukhcnhaukhngquanh
theomttlngin

GiiphpPulseStuffing
Tcdliuura(khngtnhccbitkhung)caohntng
cctcuvo
Chnthmccbit/xungkhngcnghavomitnhiuu
vochonkhinbngviclockccb
Ccbit/xungcthmvotinhngvtrcnh(bittrc)
trongkhungvnsbloibkhinbphnknh

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TDMnguntngtvnguns

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TDMhthngtruynmang

PhncpTDM

HthngMxydngdatrnnhdngDS1

Tcdliu8000x193=1.544Mbps
5trongs6khungcccmuPCM8bit
Khungth6chamttPCM7bitvmtbittnhiu
Ccbittnhiutothnhmtdng(stream)chomiknhiukhinvchathngtintm
ng

nhdngtngtchodlius

24knhcphnhp
Mikhungc8bit/knhv1bitkhung

193bit/khung
ivitruynthoi,miknhchamttcadliucsha(PCM,8000
mu/giy)

USA/Canada/Japandngmththng
ITUT(chuAu)dngmththngkhc(nhngtngt)

23knhdliu(7bit/khungv1bitchthchodliuhociukhinhthng)
Knhth24dngngb

DS1cthdnghnhpdliusvtngt

Dngc24knh
Khngcktngb

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TDMT1vs.E1

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TDMT1

Dchvsmc0(DS0)=64kbps
T1=24knhthoi=dchvsmc1(DS1)
TDM

ngkhungngin:thm101010(1bit/khung)
Btkchuikhctingb

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TDMngtruynE1

E1
Dngchuu,tngtnhT1(dngM)
C32bytestrongmtkhungdi125s=2048Mbps

30knhcdngchodliu
1knhdngngb
1knhdngbohiu(iukhin)

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CSE501035DataCommunication

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TDMphncp

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TDMbtngb

TDMthngk/thngminh

U s e rs

T o re m o te
c o m p u te r

C
D
T0

T1

T2

S y n c h ro n o u s T D M

T3

A1

W a s te d
b a n d w id th

T4

B 1

C 1

D 1

A2

F ir s t c y c le

A s y n c h ro n o u s T D M

A1

B 1

F ir s t c y c le

CSE501035DataCommunication

B 2

B 2

C 2

D 2

S e c o n d c y c le

C 2

E x tr a b a n d w id th
a v a ila b le

S e c o n d c y c le

TrongTDMngb,nhiu
slotcthbbtrng
TDMbtngbcppht
timeslotngtytheonhu
cu
Bhpknhqutccng
nhpvtphpdliucho
nkhiykhung
Tcdliurathphn
tcccngnhpgp
li
Cthgyvntrongthi
giancaoim
mccngnhp
Gikchthcbmti
thiugimthigiantr

160

TDMbtngb

mctcdliutiacangtruyntrungk

mitcdliutiacangunthi

pixcxutdliucangunthi

mccthnhhntngccmi

pimi<mc

Nguyntc80%

Baonhiuterminaltc9600bpscthdngchung
ngtruyn56KbpskhidngkthutTDMhoc
STDM(pil75%)

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Kchthcbmvthigiantr

CSE501035DataCommunication

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TDMbtngbnhdngkhung

Overallframe

Subframewithonesourceperframe

Subframewithmultiplesourceperframe

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AsymmetricalDigitalSubscriberLine

ADSL

xDSL

Linktgiathubaovmng

Cthcbngthnglnhn
1MHzhoclnhn

Btixng

ngthubao

Hintidngcptwistedpair

Tcdngdliuxung(downstream)lnhntcdngdliuln
(upstream)

FDM

25kHzthpnhtchothoi

HighdatarateDSL
SinglelineDSL
VeryhighdatarateDSL

Plainoldtelephoneservice(POTS)

Dngkthutloibecho(echocancellation)hocFDMcho2bngtn
DngFDMtrongccbngtn

Phmvi5.5km

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CuhnhknhtruynADSL

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DiscreteMultitone

DMT
Nhiutnhiusngmangcctnskhcnhau
Vibittrnmiknh
Knhph4kHz
Git/htestvdngknhphvitsSNRtthn
256knhphdownstreammiknh4kHz(60kbps)

15.36MHz
Impairmentsbringthisdownto1.5Mbpsto9Mbps

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DMTTransmitter

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cthm

W.Stallings,DataandComputerCommunications(7th
edition),PrenticeHall2004,chapters3,5,6,8
WebpagesfromITUTonV.specification
CcwebsitevADSLvSONET

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