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mi $ xe~ $ DRok (Y;i~ izR;;)] ikl tkdj


iwjs eu ls (lHkh izdkj ls)
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tksHkkZo% vktZoe~] lh/kiu
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iki'pklkS vkpkj%] ikikpkj% rsH;%] vuqfpr vkpj.k ls
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96

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vH;kl%
1-

laLr Hkk"k;k mkjr&


(d) mn~fHkTtifj"kn~ bfr ikBL; ys[kd% d% vfLr\
([k) mn~fHkTtifj"kn% lHkkifr% d% vklhr~\
(x) v oRFkers ekuok% r`.kor~ de~ mis{kUrs\
(?k) l`f"V/kjklq ekuoks uke dhn`'kh l`f"V%\
() euq";k.kka glko`fk% dhn`'kh\
(p) i'kqgR;k osQ"kke~ vkhMue~\
(N) 'okinkuka glkdeZ dhn`'ke~\

2-

fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) ekuok uke lokZlq l`f"V/kjklq --------------------- l`f"V%A
([k) euq";k.kka --------------------- fujof/%A
(x) ufg rs djryxrkufi --------------------- mi?ufUrA
(?k) ija r`.kon~ mis{kUrs --------------------- A
() u osQoyesrs i'kqH;ks fuo`Q"VkLr`.ksH;ksfi --------------------- ,oA

3-

v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka okD;s"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#r&


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izdV;frA

4-

lizla fgUnhHkk"k;k O;k[;k dk;kZ&


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5-

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fuo`Q"Vrek] mixE;] izorZekuk] vfrkUre~] O;k[;k;] dFk;Urq] mi?ufUr] vkhMue~

97

mn~fHkTt&ifj"kn~

6-

lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r&
ekuok bo] HkoUrks fuR;e~] LoksnjiwfrZe~] fgalko`fkLrq] vkReksfre~] LoYiefi

7-

v/ksfyf[krkuka leLrinkuka foxzga oqQ#r&


egkiknik%] l`f"V/kjklq] djryxrku~] ohjiqjQ"kk%] 'kkfUrlq[ke~

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vuwiks cgqnks"k'p le% lk/kj.kks er%AA

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(2) ekuoa iq=kon~ o`{kkLrkj;fUr ij=k pA


iq=koRifjikY;kLrs iq=kkLrs /eZr% Le`rk%AA

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(3) ,rs"kka loZo`{kk.kka Nsnua uSo dkj;sr~A


pkrqekZls fo'ks"ks.k fouk ;Kkfndkj.ke~AA

egkHkkjr vuq'kkluioZ

(4) ,osQukfi lqo`{ks.k iqf"irsu lqxfU/ukA


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egkHkkjr vuq'kkluioZ

(5) ^^n'kowQilek okih n'kiq=kleks nzqe%**A


o``{kfo"kf;.;% bZn`'; vU;k lwDr;ksfi xos"k.kh;k%AA

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