Articles English

BACTERIA: CHARACTERISTICS AND STRUCTURE

Prepared by: Name NPM Prodi : HENI WULANDARI : 12320027 : Biology Education

FUKULTAS TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION SCIENCE

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH METRO 2012

Bacteria: Characteristics And Structure If you hear the word bacteria, you might imagine bacteria as something that can cause disease. This is not entirely true because of the many types of bacteria, only 1% that are pathogenic or disease-causing, while the rest of it is a useful organism. Bacteria in nature is numerous. For example, in 1 gram of soil in the estimate contained 100 million bacterial cells, whereas in 1 ml fresh milk contained more than 3,000 million bacterial cells. The bacteria along with fungi or mushrooms, plays an important role for the survival of other organisms. They can decompose organic material from plants and animals that have died so that the cycle can continue to be material. With the ongoing cycle of materials, the materials needed by human beings will always be available. Besides being able to cause disease to humans, the bacteria also can be used to improve the lives of people because it can boost the economy. The role of beneficial bacteria to humans, will be discussed in further explanation, namely in biotechnology. Characteristics of Bacteria Bacteria have membedakannnya characteristics with other living things, namely: 1. Organisms multiselluler 2. Prokaryotes (no nucleus membrane) 3. Generally do not have chlorophyll 4. It has a body size that varies between 0.12 s / d hundreds of microns generally have an average size of 1 s / d 5 microns. 5. Having a diverse body shape 6. Free-living or parasitic 7. That live in extreme environments such as hot springs, crater or peat cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan 8. Its cosmopolitan life environment in various cell wall containing peptidoglycan structure of bacteria

Bacterial structure is divided into two: 1. The basic structure (owned by almost all types of bacteria) Includes: cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, and storage granules 2. Additional structures (owned by a certain type of bacteria) Includes capsule, flagelum, pilus, fimbria, klorosom, Vacuole gas and endospores. The basic structure of the bacterial cell

The basic structure of bacteria: 1. The cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan which is a combination of proteins and polysaccharides (peptidoglycan thickness divided into gram-positive bacteria when peptidoglikannya thick and gram-negative bacteria when peptidoglikannya thin). 2. The plasma membrane is a membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm is composed of a layer of phospholipids and proteins. 3. The cytoplasm is the fluid cell. 4. Ribosomes are organelles that are scattered in the cytoplasm, composed of protein and RNA. 5. Storage granules, storing up food for the bacteria needed.

Additional structure of bacteria

Additional structure of bacteria: 1. Capsules or slime layer is a layer in the outer cell wall of certain bacteria on the type, when thick layer called the capsule and when the thin lining called the mucus layer. Capsules and slime layer composed of polysaccharides and water. 2. Flagelum or hair whips are rods or spiral-shaped structures protruding from the cell wall. 3. Pilus and fimbria is a structure shaped like tiny hairs protruding from the wall of the cell, pilus flagelum similar but shorter, stiffer and smaller diameter and composed of protein and is only found in gram-negative bacteria. Fimbria is a type of pilus structure but shorter than the pilus. 4. Klorosom is a structure which is right under the plasma membrane and contain the pigment chlorophyll and other pigments for photosynthesis. Klorosom only found in bacteria that carry out photosynthesis. 5. Gas vacuoles found in bacteria that live in water and photosynthesis. 6. Endospores are a form of break (latent) of several types of gram-positive bacteria and bacteria build up in the cell if the conditions are not favorable for bacterial life. Endospores contain little cytoplasm, genetic material and ribosomes. The walls are thick endospore composed of proteins and cause endospores are resistant to drought, the light radiation, high temperature and chemicals. If the environmental conditions favorable endospores will grow into new bacterial cells.