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Tng quan giao thc Sigtran SIGTRAN l mt b giao thc do IETF xut nhm mc ch truyn cc d liu bo hiu thi gian thc qua mng IP. SIGTRAN cho php cc nt pha mng IP giao tip vi cc nt pha mng SS7 nh th chng l mt phn ca mng bo hiu SS7. N cng cho php cc nt SS7 c th giao tip vi nhau qua cc link IP, lm gim lu lng trn link bo hiu, trnh tc nghn. 1.1 Cu trc tng quan giao thc Sigtran Mt cu trc giao thc Sigtran bao gm 3 thnh phn: Chun IP Giao thc truyn ti bo hiu chung, giao thc truyn dn iu khin lung (SCTP): giao thc SCTP cung cp kt ni c nh hng kh dng chuyn giao cc bn tin ca khch hng trn mt SCTP (cc giao thc lp thch ng). Lu rng lp SCTP thay th cho lp TCP. Lp thch ng: Cc giao thc c nh ngha cho lp ny l M2PA, M2UA, M3UA, IUA v SUA.

Di y l m hnh giao thc Sigtran:

Hnh 1: M hnh giao thc Sigtran

1.2 Cc thnh phn trong giao thc Sigtran SIGTRAN nh ngha su lp con thch nghi sau y: M2UA cung cp dch v ca lp MTP2 di m hnh client-server, v d nh kt ni gia SG v MGC. Lp MTP3 l ngi dng ca M2UA. M2PA cung cp dch v ca lp MTP2 di m hnh ngang hng peer-to-peer, v d nh kt ni gia cc SG. Lp MTP3 l ngi dng ca M2PA. M3UA cung cp dch v lp MTP3 c m hnh client-server (SG-to-MGC) v peerto-peer. Lp s dng n l SCCP hoc ISUP. ` SUA cung cp dch v lp SCCP m hnh ngang hng nh gia SG vi SCP nm bn pha mng IP (IP SCP). Lp s dng SUA l TCAP IUA cung cp dch v lp ISDN. V5UA cung cp dch v giao thc V.5.2 Lp M2UA

M2UA l giao thc nh ngha bi IETF cho php truyn cc bn tin bo hiu lp ngi s dng MTP2 ( v d nh MTP3) qua mng IP s dng giao thc SCTP. M2UA cung cp cc dch v cho lp ngi s dng ca n tng t nh cc dch v do MTP2 cung cp cho MTP3. M2UA c cc mc ch sau: Cung cp mt c ch cho php truyn bn tin bo hiu lp ngi s dng ca MTP2 qua mng IP s dng giao thc SCTP. Tp trung lu lng SS7 t cc link SS7 cch xa nhau v mt im tp trung trn mng. Bng vic s dng M2UA, mt vi im bo hiu c th hp nht thnh mt im bo hiu tp trung. i li, cc im bo hiu ny khi c th c t gn cc thnh phn mng khc hn. Khi , vic truyn bo hiu gia cc thnh phn ny s l truyn qua cc knh dnh ring, do vy s gim chi ph cho vic xy dng cc im trung truyn bo hiu. M hnh kin trc s dng M2UA nh hnh v:

Hnh 2: M hnh kin trc M2UA Ta bit l mi lp MTP3 phi km theo mt a ch point code nht nh. Trong trng hp ny, nu mi SG s dng lp MTP3 th mi SG s phi c mt SS7 point code ring. iu ny s dn n s lng ph a ch SS7. Bng vic s dng lp M2UA, cc SG s khng cn phi c a ch SS7 point code, cc bn tin lp MTP2 m SG nhn c s c chuyn n lp MTP3 MGC x l v nh tuyn ti pha ch. Lp M2PA M2PA l giao thc truyn cc bn tin bo hiu lp MTP3 qua mng IP s dng giao thc truyn dn SCTP. M2PA tng ng vi M2UA. Tuy nhin, n khng ch l cung cp kt ni gia 2 lp MTP2 v MTP3 cch xa nhau m n c th thay th hon ton lp MTP2 bn di lp MTP3. Ngi dng ca M2PA l lp MTP3 c 2 u kt ni (vi M2UA, ngi dng mt u l MTP3, u cn li l SG NIF). M2PA cho php cc lp MTP3 ngang hng ca cc SG c th lin lc trc tip vi nhau. Thc cht, n m rng mng SS7 sang mng IP. M hnh kin trc s dng lp M2PA nh hnh v:

Hnh 3: M hnh kin trc s dng lp M2PA M hnh ny c p dng ch yu cho cc kt ni gia SG vi SG, s dng nh cu ni gia 2 mng SS7. Trong trng hp ny, mi mt SG c th kt ni ti nhiu SG khc m khng phi quan tm xem cc lp pha trn ca cc SG l g. Lp MTP3 ti mi SG s cung cp chc nng nh tuyn v qun l cc link MTP2/M2PA. V c lp MTP3 cho nn mi SG phi c mt a ch pointcode tng ng. M2PA cng c th thay th link MTP2 trong trng hp kt ni gia SG vi IP SCP bn pha mng IP. M2PA c cc chc nng sau: Duy tr hot ng lin tc gia cc thc th ngang hng MTP3 giao tip vi nhau qua mng IP. Mt ct giao din MTP2/MTP3, cho php qun l cc phin truyn dn SCTP v lu lng thay cho MTP2 link. Thng bo v nhng thay i trng thi phc v cho mc ch qun l iu hnh Lp M3UA M3UA l giao thc h tr cho vic truyn dn cc bn tin bo hiu MTP3 (v d nh ISUP, SCCP) qua mng IP s dng giao thc truyn dn SCTP. V chc nng hot ng, M3UA tng t nh M2UA. Giao thc ny c s dng giao tip gia SG v MGC hay cc IP SCP bn pha mng IP. M3UA cho php dch v lp MTP3 c th c cung cp bi mt MGC nm trong mng IP, do vy n m rng mng bo hiu SS7 sang pha mng IP.

Hnh 4: M hnh kin trc M3UA Trong trng hp ny, MTP3 ti SG s khng nhn bit c l lp ngi dng ISUP ca MGC t xa. Tng t, lp ISUP bn pha MGC cng khng bit c l n ang c phc v bi lp MTP3 ca SG cc b. Do vy cc bn tin bo hiu s 7 s c truyn mt cch trong sut t SG ti MGC qua mng IP Lp SUA SUA l giao thc h tr truyn dn cc bn tin lp SCCP qua mng IP s dng giao thc SCTP. N cho php truy nhp ti cc lp ng dng (v d nh TCAP) ti IP SCP thng qua SG. Kin trc mng s dng SUA cho php mt SG c th kt ni n nhiu IP SCP. Cc IP SCP khng cn phi c lp MTP3 cc b, do vy khng i hi phi c a ch SS7 point code ring.

Hnh 5: M hnh kin trc lp SUA SUA h tr cc chc nng sau: Truyn dn cc bn tin SCCP (TCAP, MAP, INAP...) H tr dch v khng kt ni SCCP H tr dch v hng kt ni SCCP Qun l cc phin truyn dn ca SCTP gia SG v mt hay nhiu nt bo hiu pha mng IP Phn tn cc nt bo hiu pha mng IP Thng bo v cc thay i trng thi phc v cho mc ch qun l. Lp IUA v V5UA IUA cung cp dch v ca lp ISDN Data Link. Cn V5UA cung cp dch v ca giao thc V.5.2. Lp giao thc SCTP SIGTRAN Working Group xy dng giao thc SCTP nhm mc ch khc phc cc khim khuyt ca TCP.

Hnh 6: Cu trc tng quan SCTP SCTP c cc c im sau: SCTP l giao thc n im- thc hin trao i d liu c thc hin gia 2 u cui SCTP nh ngha nh thi timer ngn hn nhiu so vi ca TCP. SCTP cung cp c ch truyn d liu ngi dng mt cch tin cy, c c ch pht hin mt hay khng tun t d liu v thc hin vic sa cha nu cn thit. SCTP c kh nng t iu chnh tc (rate-adaptive) tu theo tnh trng ca mng hin ti.

 SCTP h tr c ch a a ch multi-homing. Mi mt u cui SCTP c th c nhiu a ch IP. nh tuyn ti mt a ch l c lp vi cc tuyn khc, do vy trong trng hp mt tuyn c s c th tuyn khc s c s dng. SCTP s dng th tc khi to, da trn c ch Cookie ngn chn kiu tn cng t chi dch v SCTP cung cp chc nng bundling, cho php mt gi tin SCTP c th bao gm nhiu on d liu, mi on c th bao gm mt bn tin bo hiu hon chnh. SCTP cng h tr chc nng phn tch d liu, cho php chia nh bn tin bo hiu thnh nhiu bn tin SCTP cho ph hp vi cc PDU bn di. SCTP l giao thc hng bn tin. SCTP nh ngha cu trc khung ca d liu. Cn TCP ngc li l khng nh ngha cu trc ca d liu m ch xem d liu di dng mt chui byte. SCTP cung cp chc nng multi-streaming (a lung). D liu c chia thnh nhiu lung khc nhau, mi lung c mt c ch phn phi tun t c lp nhau. TCP khng h tr chc nng ny. 2. Phng php o kim cc thnh phn thuc giao thc Sigtran o kim l mt vn quan trng trong qu trnh trin khai, khai thc h thng. Vic o kim xc nh tnh tun th ca h thng theo chun v kh nng tng tc, phi hp vi cc h thng khc. Giao thc Sigtran bao gm trong l 6 lp giao thc con M2UA, M2PA, M3UA, SCTP, SUA v IUA, do o kim giao thc SIGTRAN l o kim cc lp con nm trong . Cho n thi im hin ti cc khuyn ngh ca RFC v ETSI mi ch tp trung cho vic o kim ba lp con nm trong giao thc SIGTRAN l: lp SCTP, lp M2UA v lp M3UA. Trong qu trnh khai thc bo dng, chng ta cng cn nh k o kim hot ng ca giao thc Sigtran ca cc thit b nhm xc nh cc thay i trong qu trnh hot ng cng nh xc nh nguyn nhn gy ra li v a ra gii php khc phc (trong trng hp xut hin li trong qu trnh khai thc v bo dng thit b). Vic o kim cc lp con trong giao thc Sigtran c th dng phng php gim st hoc m phng ty thuc vo kh nng ca thit b cn o v cc yu cu o kim. Tt c cc lp con M2UA, M3UA v SCTP u c th o kim dng phng php git st hoc m phng, cu hnh o gim st cc lp con c cu hnh di y:

Hnh 7: Cu hnh o gim st Trong cu hnh o gim st bo hiu Sigtran, my o c u xen vo gia gim st vic trao i bn tin giao thc Sigtran gia SGP v AS. Cu hnh o gim st c s dng o kim cc hot ng bnh thng ca cc thit b cn o l SGP v AS.

Ngoi ra, trong mt s trng hp c th dng phng php m phng kim tra cc tnh nng k thut ca cc lp con thuc giao thc Sigtran, cu hnh o m phng c dng di y:

Hnh 8: Cu hnh o m phng Trong cu hnh o m phng giao thc Sigtran, my o c cu hnh m phng mt thit b SGP kt ni vi AS cn kim tra thng qua giao thc Sigtran. Cu hnh o ny c s dng kim cc hot ng bt thng ca thit b c s dng giao thc Sigtran. Vic thay i cu hnh o m phng hoc gim st ph thuc vo yu cu o kim cc tnh nng k thut ca tng lp con trong giao thc Sigtran v ph thuc vo kh nng h tr ca thit b cn o. Kt lun Giao thc Sigtran l mt giao thc mi ng dng cho mng NGN, n cho php cc nt pha mng IP giao tip vi cc nt pha mng SS7 nhm nng cao hiu sut s dng mng v phi hp hot ng gia mng PSTN hin c vi mng NGN trong tng lai. V vy, vic nghin cu giao thc Sigtran cng cc tnh nng k thut v phng php o kim cc tnh nng k thut trong cho php trin khai mng NGN c d dng hn trong tng lai v c bit h tr phi hp tng tc hot ng gia mng hin ang tn ti vi mng NGN. Ti liu tham kho [1]. [2]. [3]. [4]. [5]. [6]. [7]. [8]. draft-ietf-sigtran-m2pa-09.txt draft-ietf-sigtran-sctp-mib-10.txt RFC3057.txt RFC2960.txt RFC3331.txt RFC3332.txt www.msforum.org www.ss7open.org

[9]. www.iec.org