Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), is a

rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immunodeficiency resulting in recurrentinfections Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is divided into at least two subtypes: LAD1 and LAD2. The classic descriptions of LAD included recurrent bacterial infections, defects in neutrophil adhesion, and a delay in umbilical cord sloughing. The defects in adhesion result in poor neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, as well as neutrophilia . Individuals with LAD suffer from bacterial infections beginning in the neonatal period. Infections such as omphalitis, pneumonia, gingivitis, and peritonitis are common and often life-threatening due to the infant's inability to properly destroy the invading pathogens.These individuals do not form abscess because granulocytes cannot migrate to the sites of infection.

CANCER

CANCER
Cancer is a complex group of diseases with many

possible causes. causes of cancer, including genetic factors; lifestyle factors such as tobacco use, diet, and physical activity; certain types of infections; and environmental exposures to different types of chemicals and radiation. Metastasis is the spread of tumor in the body Changes the number of cell and types of varios cell adhesion molecule.

Yesinia INFECTION

Yesinia infection
Caused by enteric pathogen yersenia pseudotubercolosis

result to gastroentiritis with diarrhea. Yersiniosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Yersinia. Common symptoms in children are fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, which is often bloody. Symptoms typically develop 4 to 7 days after exposure and may last 1 to 3 weeks or longer. In older children and adults, right-sided abdominal pain and fever may be the predominant symptoms, and may be confused with appendicitis. In a small proportion of cases, complications such as skin rash, joint pains, or spread of bacteria to the bloodstream can occur.

Shigella infection

Shigella infection
Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by a group of

bacteria calledShigella. The Shigella bacteria pass from one infected person to the next. It attaches to an integrin () via protein on its surface causing in dysentery and is usually caused by contaminatio of food.

Listeria infection

Listeria infection
Caused by listeria monocytogenesis. Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment.

The main route of acquisition of Listeria is through the ingestion of contaminated food products. Listeria has been isolated from raw meat, dairy products, vegetables, fruit and seafood. Soft cheeses, unpasteurized milk and unpasteurised pt are potential dangers; however, some outbreaks involving post-pasteurized milk have been reported.[1] Rarely listeriosis may present as cutaneous listeriosis. This infection occurs after direct exposure to L. monocytogenes by intact skin and is largely confined to veterinarians who are handling diseased animals, most often after a listerial abortion