‡QvÆ Øxc †`k evnivBb

‡`k †`Lvi kL Avgvi †QvU †ejv †_‡KB wQj | GL‡bv Av‡Q ZvB mgq my‡hvM

hLbB cvB ZLb wewfbœ †`k Ny‡i †`wL | Avcb f~L‡Ûi mxgvbv Qvwo‡q cÖev‡mi c‡_ cvwo

w`‡Z wM‡q GK mgq evnivB‡b Gjvg wbQK †eov‡Z, †`L‡Z | evnivBb ga¨cÖv‡P¨i GKUv

ÿy`ª Øxc‡`k | Mvj&d Gi ey‡K gy‡³v we›`yi gZ †QvU f~LÛ hvi ivRavbx gvbvgv | GB

†`‡k A‡bK evsjv‡`kx, fviZxq Z_v Gwkqvi †jvKR‡bi Ae¯’vb, mevB wewfbœ Kv‡R e¨¯—

†KD e¨emv, †KD PvKzix | †gvUK_v GUv‡K †`‡ki evB‡i †`k ejv hvq | evsjv, wn›`x,

D`~© me wgwj‡q wLPyix fvlvq K_v Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi Gi †P‡q DËg RvqMv GL‡bv Avwg

†`wLwb | Øxc †`k ZvB Pvwiw`‡K mvMi, Gi gv‡SB M‡o D‡V‡Q ARmª †nv‡Uj ch©UK‡`i

Rb¨ Ges wekvj e¨emvwqK †K›`ª myK (evRvi) |

wegvb e›`i †_‡K U¨vw·‡Z K‡i gvbvgv kn‡i Gjvg †nv‡U‡ji mÜv‡b | wewfbœ

`v‡gi †nv‡Uj Av‡Q | gvSvix †nv‡U‡j 30/40 Wjv‡ii gZ LiP c‡o 1 w`‡bi Rb¨ |

†nv‡U‡ji †jvKRb fviZxq I Gwkqvi Ab¨vb¨ †`k †_‡K AvMZ | Avj w`Iqvwbqv‡Z

DVjvg †gvUvgywU fvjB †nv‡Uj | †nv‡Uj †_‡K †e‡iv‡jB myK | †nv‡U‡j wRwbmcÎ ¸wQ‡q

†i‡L evnivBb †`L‡Z †ei njvg | AvenvIqv mnbxq, †cvlvK cwi”Q` nvjKv Mi‡gi

Dc‡hvMx | 2 w`‡bB †gvUvgywU ØxcUv †ek fvj fv‡eB †`Lv n‡q †Mj | fvjB jvMj |

AbyfeB Kwiwb Avwg cÖev‡m Ae¯’vb K‡iwQjvg | †`kUv †`Lvi †h AwfÁZv Avgvi n‡q‡Q

ZvB mevi Kv‡Q Rvbv‡bvi Avgvi GB Av‡qvRb |

†mB cÖPxb Kvj †_‡KB evnivBb evwbR¨ †K›`ª wn‡m‡e cÖwm× | Gi Kvib n‡jv Gi

†fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb evwbR¨ c‡_i gv‡S | evnivB‡bi †cvZvkÖq Ges Mfxi m¦”Q Rjivwk

m¦vfvweK fv‡eB evnivBbx‡`i‡K e¨emvqx wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ n‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Q | eZ©gv‡b

evnivB‡bi mg„w×i †cQ‡b Gi e¨vsK e¨emv, ch©Ub Ges Ab¨vb¨ wk‡íi Ae`vb i‡q‡Q |
eZ©gvb evnivB‡bi A_©bxwZ ‡Zj Drcv`‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj bq | GB †`kUv Mvj‡di

g‡a¨ mn‡R †eov‡bvi gZ GKUv †`k A_©¨vr wfmv ev Ab¨vb¨ Sv‡gjv Kg Ges Gkxq I

BD‡ivcxq ev cvðvZ¨ ågbKvix‡`i Rb¨ myj‡f åg‡bi Rb¨ me‡P‡q Dchy³ |

evnivBb Øxcivó 33 Uv †QvU †QvU Øxc wb‡q MwVZ | Gi g‡a¨ evnivBb Øxc n‡jv

me‡P‡q eo | ˆ`N¨ 50 wKt wgt, cÖ¯’ cÖvq 16 wKt wgt Gi gZ | Gi AvqZb 583 eM©

wKt wgt | evnivBb, gynviivK, wmUiv Ges Dg-Avj-bvmvb Øxc¸‡jv n‡jv GKUy eo, wKQy

wKQy Øxc †Kej mvM‡ii ey‡K †QvÆ cv_i L‡Ûi gZ gv_v †ei K‡i Av‡Q | A‡bK¸‡jv Øxc

eZ©gv‡b evnivBb ev gynviivK Gi mv‡_ weª‡Ri Øviv mshy³ | G¸‡jv‡K †`L‡j GLb Øxc

g‡b bv n‡q g~j L‡Ûi ewa©Z Ask wn‡m‡eB g‡b nq | GwcÖj †_‡K A‡±vei G Kgvm

ZvcgvÎv †ek Ges evZv‡i Av`ªZvI †ekx _v‡K | G mgq iv‡Z cÖvq 30 wWMªx †mt I

w`‡b GUv 40 wWMªx †mt ch©š— †h‡Z cv‡i | b‡f¤¦i †_‡K gvP© ch©š— AvenvIqv †ek

myLcÖ` | ZvcgvÎv 14 wWMªx †m| †_‡K 24 wWMªx †mt Gi g‡a¨ DVvbvgv K‡i Ges iv‡Z

GKUy kxZ Abyf~Z nq |

evnivBb cÖvq 5,50,000 Gi gZ †jvK emevm K‡i Gi g‡a¨ 1,50,000 n‡jv

we‡`kx Kg©Rxwe | Giv evnivB‡b e¨emv †_‡K ïiæ Ki‡ wewfbœ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ |

evnivBbxiv Avie RvwZ Z‡e G‡`i A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ Bivbx i‡³i Abycª‡ek N‡U‡Q | A_©¨vr

Aie I cvim¨ `yB †`‡ki mw¤§jb n‡q‡Q GLv‡b | GB †QvÆ Øxc †`‡k bZyb Ges cyiv‡bv

cvkvcvwk GL‡bv Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q | GKw`‡K MMbPy¤¦x cÖvmv` AvaywbK evoxNi Awdm

Av`vjZ Ab¨w`‡K mvi †e‡a M‡o DVv †QvU †QvU †`vKvb cvU G cwic~Y© evRvi GjvKv |

GLbI A‡bK wbgv©b KvR Pj‡Q | me AvaywbK ¯’vcZ¨Kjv Abymib K‡iB G¸‡”Q |

evnivB‡bi miKvix fvlv Aviex Z‡e Bs‡iRx eûj e¨eýZ , fviZxq Ges wdwjwc‡bv †ekx

e‡j G `y‡Uv fvlvi †ek Pj Av‡Q | Ggb wK evsjvq I K_v e‡j KvR Pvjv‡bv hvq |

dvmx© fvlvi e¨cK e¨envi †`Lv hvq Z‡e GUv A›`‡ii fvlv evB‡i Gi e¨envi mxwgZ |
Bivbx es‡kv™¢yZ evnivBbxiv GUv e¨envi K‡i Ges me e¨emv ej‡Z †M‡j ZvivB wbqš¿b

Ki‡Q |

cÖvPxb BwZnvm t evnivB‡bi BwZnvm g~jZt gvbe mf¨Zvi †Mvovcˇbi mgqKvi mv‡_

m¤ú„³ | L„ó c~e© 3q mnmª kZvãx †_‡K GUv wWjgvb‡`i GjvKv wQj | GUv cÖvPxb

c„w_exi Ab¨Zg GKUv e¨emvwqK mvgªvR¨ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQj | †eªvbR hy‡M wWjgvb Gi

D™¢e | g‡b Kiv n‡q _v‡K Zv L„ó c~e© 3200 mv‡ji w`‡K ïiæ Ges GUv cieZx© 2000

ermi GB hyM P‡jwQj | GB mvgªvR¨ GLv‡b DrcwË nIqvi Kvib Øx‡ci Zvrch©c~Y©

†fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb | GB Øxc †g‡mv‡cv‡Uwgqv I B›`vR DcZ¨Kvi ms‡hvM wn‡m‡e e¨eýZ

n‡Zv | 2200-1600 L„ó c~e© ch©š— GB mvgªvR¨ Mvjd Gi cwð‡gi †gvUvgywU eo GKUv

Ask wbqš¿Y KiZ | GK mgq Zv we¯—„Z n‡Z n‡Z AvaywbK Ky‡qZ I †mŠw` Avi‡ei c~e©

Ask ch©š— we¯—„wZ jvf K‡i |

L„ó c~e© 1600-1000 mvj ch©š— Gi mg„w× Av‡¯— Av‡¯— g−vb n‡Z _v‡K Ges L„ó

c~e© 600 mv‡ji w`‡K GUv e¨vwejb Gi mv‡_ cy‡ivcywi m¤ú„³ n‡q hvq | 9g †_‡K 11 k

kZvãx‡Z evnivBb cÖ_‡g DgvBqv kvmbvax‡b I cieZx©‡Z AveŸvmxq KZ©„K kvwmZ

n‡qwQj | AveŸvmxq‡`i kvmbvg‡j evnivBb wkqv‡`i k³ I my`„p NuvwU wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk

K‡iwQj | Z‡e GB mg‡q evnivB‡bi AZxZ cÖvPy‡h©i wKQyB Aewkó wQj bv | cieZx©‡Z

GUv Av‡¯— Av‡¯— Avevi mg„× AÂj wn‡m‡e wPwýZ nq Ges c~Yivq GUv fviZ Dcgnv‡`k

I †g‡mv‡cv‡Uvwgqvi gv‡S ‡hvMm~Î wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ nq | Mvj‡di GKUv Ab¨Zg cÖavb

gy³vi e›`i wn‡m‡e Gi A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡I †ek Av‡Q | 1487 mv‡j Igvb evnivBb I

gynviivK Øxc `Lj K‡i gynviivK GjvKvq Avev` `~M© wbgv©b K‡i | Gi cÖvq 36 ermi

ci Igvbxqiv cZ©~MxR KZ©„K weZvwoZ nq Ges 1602 mvj ch©š— GB ØxcwU cZy©MxR‡`i

`L‡j wQj |
 18k kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q eZ©gv‡bi kvmK cwievi Avj-Lwjdv GB GjvKvq

cÖ_g emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i | Giv wb‡R‡`i‡K †jvfbxq gy³v e¨emvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ K‡i

†d‡j | 1782 wKsev 83 mv‡ji w`‡K GB cwievi Bivbx dvmx©‡`i evnivBb †_‡K

weZvwoZ K‡i | Gi 3 ermi ci Avj-Lwjdv cwievi A‡iKUv Igvbx AvMªvmb Gi d‡j

weZvwoZ nq Ges 1820 mv‡ji c~e© ch©š— Zviv Avi evnivB‡b ¯’vb cvqwb ev my`„p NvwU

cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡qwQj | Gi ci Avevi evnivBb Lwjdv‡`i KZ©„‡Z¡ Av‡m Ges

weªwUk‡`i mv‡_ evnivBb Gi GKUv Pyw³ nq | e„wUk‡`i g~j jÿ¨ wQj Ab¨vb¨ cwðgv

AvMªvmx kw³eM© †_‡K weªwUk‡`i g~j mieivn c_‡K iÿv Kiv, Kvib GB c‡_B fvi‡Zi

mv‡_ weªwUk‡`i †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v Pvjy wQj | 19k kZ‡K e„wUkiv evnivB‡b _vK‡jI

cviZt c‡ÿ Zviv evnivB‡bi Avf¨š—ixY ivRbxwZ ev Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q n¯—‡ÿc K‡iwb |

Mvj‡di Avie As‡ki g‡a¨ evnivBb n‡jv cÖ_g †`k †hLv‡b ‡Zj

Avwe¯‹vi/D‡Ëvjb Kiv n‡qwQj | 1925 mv‡j d«vsK †nvgm bv‡g GK wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi Awaevmx

cÖ_g ‡Zj D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ Aby‡gv`b cvq | 1932 mv‡j evwbwR¨K wfwˇZ ‡Zj D‡Ëvjb

ïiæ nq | evnivB‡bi ‡Zj Avwe¯‹v‡ii mgmvgwqK mg‡q gy³v e¨emv‡K Ab¨Zg wn‡m‡e

aiv n‡Zv | †h‡nZy Mvjd Gi g‡a¨ evnivB‡bB cÖ_g ‡Zj D‡Ëvjb ïiæ nq ZvB G

†`kevmxiv ‡Zj †_‡K cÖvß gybvdvi myweav¸‡jv mevi Av‡M Dc‡fvM Kivi my‡hvM cvq |

evnivB‡bi Awaevmx‡`i Rxeb avivq bvUKxq cwieZ©‡bi m~Pbv nq | we‡klZt wkÿv Ges

m¦v¯’¨ Lv‡Z cÖf~Z DbœwZ nq | DbœwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ evnivB‡b e„wUk‡`i f~wgKv e„w× cvq Ges

e„wUkiv Zv‡`i Kg©irciZv Av‡iv †Rvi`vi K‡i |

1935 mv‡j e„wUk †bfx †em evnivB‡b ¯’vbvš—i Kiv nq | 1946 mv‡ji w`‡K

¸iæZ¡c~Y© e„wUk Kg©KZv©i AwdmI evnivB‡b ¯’vbvš—wiZ nq | 1g gnvhy‡×i ci evnivB‡bi

Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Kv‡Û DbœwZi m~Pbv nq | 1926 mv‡j Pvj©m †ej‡MªBW Avwg‡ii e„wUk Dc‡`óv

wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ Mªn‡bi ci evnivB‡bi wkÿv e¨e¯’vq weeZ©‡bi m~Pbv nq Ges Gi

AeKvVv‡gv‡Z cÖf~Z DbœwZ mvwaZ nq | †kL nvgv`-web-Avjx Ges Zvi DËivwaKvix †kL
mvjvg Gi mgq evnivB‡b AvaybwKZvi †Qvuqv jv‡M | †kL mvjv‡gi 19 eQi kvmbvg‡j

evnivB‡bi Awaevmx‡`i Rxeb hvÎvi gvb cÖf~Z DbœZ nq | G mgq †mŠw` Avie I

KvZv‡i I ‡Zj D‡Ëvjb ïiæ nq | †h‡nZy evnivB‡b mevi Av‡M ‡Zj cvIqv wM‡qwQj

†mRb¨ Zviv wkÿv `xÿv I m¦v¯’¨ Lv‡Z A‡bK AMªmi wQj | GKvi‡b †mŠw` Avie I

Ab¨vb¨ Mvjd †`k mg~‡ni Av‡MB evnivBb Mvj‡di cÖavb Gw›Uª‡cvU© wn‡m‡e m¦xK…wZ

cvq |

m¦vaxbZv jvf t 1971 mv‡ji 14 AvMó evnivBb m¦vaxbZv jvf K‡i Ges 1972

mv‡ji †kl w`‡K Lmov msweavb cÖbxZ nq | †g 1973 mv‡j Avwgi D³ msweavb Rvwi

K‡i Ges †m eQi wW‡m¤¦‡i wbev©wPZ msm‡`i Øviv msm` MwVZ nq | 20 gv‡mi gv_vq

wewfbœ mgm¨vi Kvi‡b Avwgi msm` †fs‡M †`q | 70-80 Gi `k‡K evnivB‡bi cÖPyi

cÖe„w× N‡U Ges AskZ Gi Rb¨ `vqx ˆZj Gi `vg e„w× Ges Ab¨ Kvib n‡jv ZLbI

evnivBb AeKvVv‡gvMZ fv‡e Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki Zyjbvq A‡bK GwM‡q wQj | eZ©gvb `k‡K

hw`I evnivB‡bi mg„w× ev †RŠjym wKQyUv wbgœgyLx Z‡e †`kUv GLb wewfbœ w`‡K Gi

DbœwZi †mvcvb we¯—„Z K‡i‡Q | †`‡ki eZ©gvb A_©bxwZ ˆZj Gi Dci wbf©ikxj bv | 90

Gi `k‡K Biv‡bi mv‡_ evnivB‡bi m¤úK© DbœZ nq Ges Ab¨ w`‡K Biv‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úK©

Gi AebwZ nq |

eZ©gvb evnivBb ga¨cÖv‡P¨i Z_v Mvj‡di †ek mg„× GKUv †`k wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K

cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q Ges Ae¯’vb my`„p Kivi Rb¨ me mgq wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q | evnivB‡bi

kZKiv 85 fvM gymjgvb evKx L„óvb, Bû`x, cvmx© I wnw›` Awaevmx I wKQy Av‡Q hviv

Avw` evnivB‡bi Awaevmx Ges eûKvj a‡i emevm K‡i Avm‡Q | gymjgvb‡`i e„nËi Ask

wkqv (cÖvq 70%) | mybœx‡`i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q kvmK cwievi I cÖwZcwËkvjx e¨emvqx cwievi

mg~n |
_vKv LvIqv t evnivB‡b _vKvi Rb¨ AwfRvZ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i m¯—v †nv‡Uj cÖPyi i‡q‡Q |

†gvUvgywU 15-20 BD Gm Wjvi G evnivB‡b mvavib †nv‡U‡j _vKv hvq | Gi †P‡q m¯—v

wKQy Av‡Q Z‡e Zv _vKvi ev åg‡bi Rb¨ †Zgb myweavi bq | LvIqv `vIqv evsjv‡`kx‡`i

Rb¨ †Kvb mgm¨vB bv | GUv‡K †`‡ki evB‡i †`kI ejv †h‡Z cv‡i | fvj mwâ, fvZ, gvQ

me wKQyB evsjv‡`kx †nv‡U‡j cvIqv hvq | fviZxq †nv‡UjI cÖPyi Av‡Q Ges GLv‡b

cvIqv hvq bv Ggb wRwbl `~j©f | fve Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi gva¨g evsjv Ges evsjv‡`‡ki

†jvKRb wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ †ek fvj †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i | wec‡` Avc‡` mvnvh¨ mn‡hvMxZvi

nvZ evwo‡q †`q | we‡`kx‡`i Rb¨ evi, K¨v‡d, †K Gd wm, g¨vK‡Wvbvì Gme dvó dz‡Wi

†`vKvb meB GLv‡b Av‡Q | wPbv †i‡¯—vivI cÖPyi Av‡Q | fviZxq Ges Pxbv Lv`¨B Zyjbv

gyjK fv‡e Ab¨vb¨ †nv‡Uj ev cvðvZ¨ Lv`¨ e¯—yi Zyjbvq m¯—v | †cvó I †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM

e¨e¯’v G‡`‡ki †ek DbœZ Ges c„w_exi †h †Kvb †`‡ki mv‡_B †hvMv‡hvM Kiv hvq |

e¨emvi ¯’vb wn‡m‡e WyevBi c‡iB evnivB‡bi ¯’vb | mviv †`‡k Qwo‡q Av‡Q

AmsL¨ †`vKvb cvU I e¨emv cÖwZôvb | †gvUvgywU c„w_exi cÖvq mg¯— Avš—Rv©wZK †Kv¤úvbx

Gi kvLv evnivB‡b | eZ©gv‡b ‡hgb e¨emv¸‡jv g~jZt Bivbx es‡kv™¢yZ evnivBbxiv Ges

wKQy AviZxq‡`i `L‡j Ges cÖvq mg¯— †mjmg¨vb fi‡Zi †Kivjv cÖ‡`‡ki Awaevmx |

G‡`i e¨envi Ges †mjmg¨vb wn‡m‡e `ÿZv †h †Kvb †µZv‡K AvKl©b K‡i | B`vwbs wKQy

evsMvjxI Gme `vwqZ¡ cv‡”Q Z‡e G‡`i msL¨v Kg Ges Giv g~jZt evsjv‡`kx gvwj‡Ki

mv‡_B KvR K‡i | Awdm Av`vj‡Z wdwjwc‡bv cyiæl I gwnjv me RvqMv `Lj K‡i

†i‡L‡Q I `ÿZvi mv‡_ KvR K‡i hv‡”Q |

gvbvgv t gvbvgv evnivB‡bi ivRavbx Ges me‡P‡q eo Øxc | GLv‡b bZyb I

cyiv‡bvi Af~Zc~e© mw¤§jb N‡U‡Q | PKP‡K †nv‡Uj AvaywbK ¯’vcZ¨ Kjvi cvkvcvwk

cyiv‡bv †`vKvb cvU me wg‡j wg‡k Av‡Q GLv‡b, _vKvi Rb¨ †nv‡Uj¸‡jv g~jZt

gvbvgv‡ZB Aew¯’Z | gvbvgvi g~j moK, Mf‡g©›U GwfwbD kn‡ii c~e© cwð‡g ms‡hvM iÿv
K‡i‡Q | GB mo‡Ki gvSvgvwS †ek eo †gvo Av‡Q | hvi Pvicv‡k wnjUb Ges †kivUb

†nv‡U‡ji Ae¯’vb | Gi mgvš—iv‡jB i‡q‡Q Avj-Lwjdv GwfwbD | GB iv¯—vi cv‡kB me

Kg Li‡Pi †nv‡Uj I AmsL¨ †ióy‡i›U i‡q‡Q | evnivB‡bi cÖvb‡K›`ª eve-Avj evnivBb

ev evnivB‡bi †Zvib Gi mvg‡bi †QvU †gv‡oB Aew¯’Z | Mfb©‡g›U GwfwbDi `wÿ‡bB myK

ev evRvi GjvKv| kn‡ii Dˇi i‡q‡Q Avj-dqmvj nvBI‡q | GUv gynviivK Øx‡ci mv‡_

gvbvgvi ms‡hvM K‡i‡Q | gvbvgv‡Z †n‡U †n‡UB †gvUvgywU A‡bK wKQy †`Lv hvq | Mvj‡di

cvo w`‡q cvK© I cv‡q Pvj iv¯—v n‡q‡Q | fvjB jv‡M mvMi cv‡oi ˆbmwM©K ‡mŠ›`h¨ |

eve-Avj evnivBb ev evnivB‡bi †Zvib t GUv 1945 mv‡j weªwUkiv wbgv©b K‡iwQj

Zv‡`i miKvix Awdm wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Ges GUv evnivB‡bi cÖ‡e‡ki miKvix cÖ‡ek

c_ wn‡m‡e (AvbyôvwbK) e¨eýZ n‡Zv | GLb GUv Uy¨wió Awdm wn‡m‡e e¨eýZ nq | Gi

bx‡P †ek fvj wKQy Uy¨wió kc Av‡Q †hLv‡b evnivB‡bi BwZnvm I Ab¨vb¨ my¨‡fwbi cvIqv

hvq | GB GjvKv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB †`vKvb cvU M‡o D‡V‡Q | eve-Avj evnivBb †_‡K iv¯—v

a‡i myK Gi wfZ‡i hvIqv hvq |

evnivB‡bi Ab¨vb¨ `k©bxq ¯’vb t

evBZ-Avj †Kvivb t- Mfb©‡g›U GwfwbDi c~e© cÖv‡š— GB †Kvivb nvDm Aew¯’Z | GLv‡b

†Kvivb kix‡di AmsL¨ ai‡bi msMªn eZ©gvb | GUv A‡bKUv wgDwRqv‡gi gZ | me

ai‡bi ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ GUv †Lvjv | GLv‡b Kv‡V †Lv`vB Kiv , cvÛywjwc AvKv‡i Ges

ÿy`ªvKvi †Kvivb kixd i‡q‡Q | GLv‡b BmjvwgK AvU© I K¨vwjMªvwdi A‡bK bgybv

msM„nxZ Av‡Q hv †`‡L mwZ¨ gy» n‡Z nq | kwb n‡Z e„n¯úwZevi GUv †Lvjv _v‡K

`k©K‡`i Rb¨ |

b¨vkbvj wgDwRqvg t- Avj-dvwZn nvDm Gi DËi cÖv‡š— GB wekvj mv`v is Gi febwU

Aew¯’Z | GUv gynviivK KRI‡qi ‡kl gv_vq evnivBb AvBj¨vÛ G Aew¯’Z | GUv kwb
†_‡K e„n¯úwZevi †Lvjv _v‡K | 500 wdjm cÖ‡ek wU‡KU Gi g~j¨ | GLv‡b msMªn¸‡jv

my›`i fv‡e K…wó, msK…wZ, weeZ©‡bi avivevwnKZv I Bmjvg Gi cÖviw¤¢K hy‡Mi msMªn

mvRv‡bv Av‡Q | hv `k©bv_x©‡K gy» K‡i |

Kv jvZ-Avj-evnivBb t- GUv evnivB‡bi cÖavb cÖZœ ZvwZ¡K GjvKv | GUv evnivBb

‡dvU© ev cZ©yMxR †dvU© wn‡m‡eI cwiwPZ | GB GjvKvq 4Uv LbbK…Z ¯’vb i‡q‡Q | GUv

gvbvgv †_‡K 5 wKtwgt cwð‡g Ges mn‡RB Kvi-G K‡i †`L‡Z hvIqv hvq | GLv‡b

mvavibZt evm iæU †bB Ges cÖwZw`b w`‡bi †ejv GB GjvKv `k©bv_x©‡`i Rb¨ D¤§y³

_v‡K | †Kvb cÖ‡ek g~j¨ w`‡Z nq bv | U¨vw·‡Z K‡i Avm‡j wZb/Pvi evnivBb w`bvi

fvov jv‡M | GB GjvKvi cÖZœZvwZ¡K wb`k©b mg~n cÖvq 2800 L„t c~e© Gi, hLb

wWjgvbiv evwbwR¨K kw³ wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡iwQj | GLv‡b 1500-500 L „t c~e© Gi

K¨vmvBU I Avwmwiqvb mgqKvjxb feb I Ly‡R cvIqv wM‡q‡Q | mvM‡ii w`‡K †M‡j GKUv

11k kZvãxi BmjvwgK `~M© Av‡Q hv eZ©gv‡b cÖvq aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q |

evBZ-Avj-Rvmivn t GB UªvwWkbvj evwoUv Avj Rvmivn Mªv‡g Aew¯’Z | GUv

†mŠw` Avie ms‡hvMKvix KRI‡qi `wÿY cv‡k¦© Aew¯’Z Ges GUv evnivB‡bi Avwgi †kL

Bmv- web-mvjvg Avj Lwjdvi Rb¥¯’vb | 1907 mv‡j GUv ˆZix Kiv nq Ges GUv GKB

fv‡e ZLb †_‡K msiÿb Kiv n‡”Q | kwb †_‡e eyaevi mKvj 8-2 Uv ch©š— GUv

`k©bv_x©‡`i Rb¨ †Lvjv _v‡K | cÖ‡ek g~j¨ jv‡M bv GUv †`L‡Z | GB Mªv‡g A‡bK¸‡jv

n¯— wk‡íi †`vKvb Av‡Q | ev‡m K‡i n¯— wkí †K‡›`ª bvg‡j †n‡UB evBZ Avj Rvmivn †Z

hvIqv hvq |

Avj-Avwib eY¨ cÖYx AfqvkÖg t GUv cÖvq 10 eM© wKtwgt RvqMv Ry‡o Aew¯’Z | GB

AfqvkÖgwU evnivB‡bi `wÿY cwðg cv‡k¦© M‡o D‡V‡Q | GLv‡b †h me cÖvYxi esk wejywßi

c‡_ †m me cÖRvwZi msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ GUv ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q | GLv‡b g~jZt Avie †`‡ki
cÖvYx¸‡jv‡K msiÿY Kiv n‡q‡Q | Z‡e Avie †`‡ki bq Ggb cÖvYx †hgb - †Reªv I G‡Z

¯’vb jvf K‡i‡Q | ev‡m K‡i GUv Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡Z nq | Gw›Uª wd GK evnivBb w`bvi |

eY¨ cÖvYx hviv cQ›` K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ GUv PgrKvi RvqMv |

gynviivK AvBj¨vÛ t evnivB‡bi GB wØZxq e„nËg Øx‡c _vKvi †Kvb e¨e¯’v hw`I

†bB Z‡e GLv‡b A‡bK wKQy †`Lvi Av‡Q | ev‡m K‡i AwZ mn‡RB GLv‡b Avmv hvq |

GLv‡b †cvó Awdm, †ióy‡i›U BZ¨vw` me wKQyB Av‡Q | GUv evnivBb AvBj¨v‡Ûi mv‡_

KRI‡q w`‡q mshy³ | evnivB‡bi wegvb e›`i GB Øx‡cB Aew¯’Z | GLv‡b Gqvi

†dv‡m©iI NvwU Av‡Q | evnivBb wegvb e›`i Mvj‡di Ab¨Zg e¨¯— wegvb e›`i ejv P‡j |

wewfbœ †`‡ki wegvb GLv‡b DVvbvgv Ki‡Q | Ges ga¨cÖv‡P¨i me †`k I `~i cÖv‡P¨i

†`‡ki mv‡_I GB Øx‡ci †hvMv‡hvM iÿv Ki‡Q GB wegvb e›`i |

evBZ †kL Bmv web Avjx Ges evBZ mvB`x t evnivB‡bi ˆZj cvIqvi c~‡e©Kvi

Rvxeb hvÎv hw` †KD ch©‡eÿb Ki‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j GB `y‡Uv evwo‡Z hvIqv Aek¨B KZ©e¨ |

GB `y‡Uv evoxB mßv‡ni kwb-eya evi 8-2Uv I e„n¯úwZevi 9-30 †_‡K 5 Uv ch©š— †Lvjv

_v‡K | †`L‡Z †Kvb cÖ‡ek g~j¨ w`‡Z nq bv | U¨vw· K‡i hvIqvB fvj | U¨vw· WªvBfvi‡K

RvqMvi bvg e‡j w`‡jB wb‡q hv‡e |

Kv jvZ Avey gvwni (Avey gvwni `~M©) t GB †QvÆ `~M©wU gynviivK Gi `wÿY cwðg

cÖv‡š— Aew¯’Z | GUv gynviivK Gi mv‡_ mshy³ g‡b n‡jI GUv Avjv`v †QvÆ GKUv Øx‡c

Aew¯’Z | 16k kZ‡K GB `~M©Uv wbwg©Z n‡qwQj Ges cieZx©‡Z GUv wewfbœ mg‡q cybt

wbwg©Z n‡qwQj | gynviivK †Kvó MvW© †ókb Gi GjvKvi g‡a¨ eZ©gv‡b GUvi Ae¯’vb |

hw`I cÖ‡ek GLv‡b mxwgZ Z‡e AbygwZ wb‡q G `~M© †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i |
wKs dvnv` KRI‡q t evnivB‡bi g~j AvKl©b †nvj wKs dvnv` KRI‡q | GUv †mŠw`

Avi‡ei g~j f~L‡Ûi mv‡_ evnivB‡bi ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q | wekvj GK ¯’vcZ¨ Kjv

Ges Gi †gBb‡U‡bÝ Gi Rb¨ †ek fvj e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q | GB eªxR w`‡q cÖwZwbqZ †jvKRb

†mŠw` Avie I evnivB‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i P‡j‡Q | GB KRI‡q 26‡k b‡f¤¦i

1986 mv‡j D‡™¢vab Kiv nq | GUv 7Uv Kswµ‡Ui wdwjs Avc I 5Uv weªR wb‡q MwVZ |

Gi m¤ú~Y© ˆ`N©¨ 25 wKt wgt | Gi g‡a¨ Z„Zxq weªRwU `xN©Zg hvi ˆ`N©¨ 5914 wgUvi |

504 Uv Kswµ‡Ui wcjvi Gi Dci mgMª weªRUv Aew¯’Z | KRI‡qi ga¨eZx© mvM‡ii

me‡P‡q Mfxi As‡ki MfxiZv 13 wgUvi | Gi evnivBb Ges †mŠw` Avie cÖv‡š— `y‡Uv

KRI‡q †ióy‡i›U i‡q‡Q, †`L‡Z GKB iKg Ges G‡`i D”PZv 65 wgUvi | GB

†ióy‡i›U¸‡jv GKUv K…wÎg fv‡e ˆZix Øxc G Aew¯’Z | GLv‡b Kvóg I Ab¨vb¨ KRI‡q

m¤úwK©Z miKvix feb¸‡jv Aew¯’Z | Gi GjvKv n‡jv 6,60,000 eM© wgUvi |

GB KRI‡q w`‡q †h‡Z n‡j ïé w`‡Z nq †QvU Kvi ev †QvU jwi 30 †mŠw`

wi‡qj | evm †mŠw` wi‡qj 30, eo evm †mŠw` wi‡j 50 UªvK cÖwZ Ub Gi Rb¨ 3 ‡mŠw`

wi‡qj | GUv AwZµg Ki‡Z n‡j cvm‡cvU©, Mvwoi gvwjKvbv (m¤úwK©Z `wjjcÎ, WªvBwfs

jvB‡mÝ G me wKQy Kvóg I Bwg‡Mªkb G †PK Kiv nq | KRI‡q †`Lvi Rb¨I AmsL¨

`k©bv_x© Av‡m | KRI‡q †ióy‡i›U Gi Dc‡i e¨vjKwb Av‡Q †hLvb †_‡K cy‡iv Mvjd Gi

†mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Kiv hvq Ges `~‡ii evnivB‡bi `„k¨vejx †`Lv hvq | wewfbœ ai‡bi

bvkKZv g~jK Kg©KvÛ eÜ Kivi Rb¨ nvBI‡q cywjk †cUªj Kvi I †nwjKvÞvi i‡q‡Q

Ges wbqwgZ cÖniv i‡q‡Q GB KRI‡q‡Z | Avgiv KRI‡q‡Z †nu‡U †eovw”Qjvg |

K‡qKRb cv‡ki †eov cvi n‡q mvM‡i nvZ w`w”Qj | nVvr †`wL Dc‡i †nwjKÞvi

Avgv‡`i‡K iv¯—vq Avm‡Z ejj | †gvUi mvB‡K‡j cywjk G‡m nvwRi c‡i me †PK K‡i

†Q‡o wQj |
 GQvov evnivB‡bi mvMi †N‡l i‡q‡Q Avie mvMi Mvgx Rj‡cv‡Zi KviLvbv | GLb

G¸‡jv ïaygvÎ †`Lvi Rb¨ | GQvov wewfbœ ai‡bi gvQ aivi Rvj I GLv‡b †`Lv hvq |

GK mgq evnivB‡bi †jvKRb Avie mvM‡i `my¨e„wË I gvQ a‡i RxweKv wbev©n KiZ |

Aek¨B Zv GLb cÖvPxb BwZnvm |

†eov‡bvi gva¨g t evnivB‡b Ny‡i †eov‡bvi Rb¨ evm i‡q‡Q G Qvov U¨vw·‡ZI †eov‡bv

hvq | †eov‡bvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`kx GKRb WªvBfvi Gi mv‡j †hvMv‡hvM Kijvg | †ek Avš—

wiK Ges †gvUvgywU evnivB‡bi †`Lvi gZ RvqMv¸‡jv Zvi mv‡_B Ny‡i Gjvg | UªvwdK

AvBb PgrKvi, iv¯—v¸‡jv cÖk¯— I fvjfv‡e iÿbv‡eÿb Kiv n‡”Q | nhiZ mv‡jn (Avt)

bexi gvRvi evnivB‡b | GQvovI wewfbœ ai‡bi gby‡g›U, DBÛ wgj ev UvIqvi Ny‡i Ny‡i

‡`Ljvg | †`kx †jvK cvIqv‡Z myweav nj GB †h Avgv‡`i Pvwn`v gZ me RvqMv Ny‡i

†`Lv n‡jv Ges †h‡nZy Zvi evnivB‡b Ae¯’vb A‡bK w`‡b ZvB A‡bKUv MvB‡WiI KvR

n‡jv | GB Mvox‡Z P‡oB KRI‡q‡Z †Mjvg †mLv‡b Mvox _vwg‡q Qwe †Zvjv nj m¥„wZ‡Z

a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ | evnivBb †`kUv GZ †QvU †h 3/4 w`b Gi GKUv †QvÆ wUª‡c m¤ú~Y©

evnivBb fvjfv‡e †`Lv hvq | ch©UK‡`i Rb¨ GLv‡b Uywió Øxc Av‡Q | ¯úxW †ev‡U

K‡i †mLv‡b hvIqv hvq | fvj evjy‡ejv Av‡Q †mLv‡b, mgy`ª mœv‡bi Dchy³ RvqMv |

wPËwe‡bv`b I †KbvKvUv t cÖwZUv eo eo †nv‡U‡jB evi wWm‡Kv i‡q‡Q Ges

mevi Rb¨ evi I wWm‡Kv D¤§y³ | Avie I ga¨cÖv‡P¨i A‡bK †jvKRb evnivB‡b Av‡m

e¨emv wKsev Ny‡i †eov‡bvi Rb¨ | evnivB‡b †gvUvgywU me wKQyB cvIqv hvq | fviZxq

kvox, †cvlvK n‡Z ïiæ K‡i B‡j±ªwb· mvgMªx I Ab¨vb¨ wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMªxi evRvi

GB evnivBb | A‡bK eo eo †Kv¤úvbxi †kviæg i‡q‡Q GLv‡b | wewfbœ †`k †_‡K

e¨emvqxiv GLv‡b I WyevB‡Z Av‡m †Kbv †ePvi Rb¨ | Avgvi GB m¦í mg‡qi åg‡bi

Avb›` mwZ¨ †fvjvi gZ bv | GKvav‡i mvMi I cÖK…wZ, Ab¨w`‡K wKQy †Kbv KvUv Ges

GKUv †`k †`Lvi Avb›`B Avjv`v , Av‡iv fv‡jv †j‡M‡Q †h AbyfeB Kiv hvqwb Avwg †`k
†Q‡o `~‡i AvwQ, meB nvZ evov‡jB cvIqv hvq †ek fvj †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q | evnivB‡b

UvKv e`‡ji Rb¨ A‡bK e¨vsK I gvwb‡PÄvi i‡q‡Q | †gvUvgywU 24 N›UvB gvwb‡PÄvi¸‡jv

†Lvjv _v‡K | eZ©gvb A_¨v©r 1 wewW cÖvq 2.02 Wjvi Gi gZ | (1997) |

evnivB‡bi RvqMv¸‡jv †`L‡Z †`L‡Z †KD hw` K¬vš— n‡q hvq Z‡e Zvi Rb¨

wekÖv‡gi e¨e¯’v Av‡k cv‡kB wg‡j †h‡Z cv‡i, †Kvb cvK© wKsev †ióy‡i‡›U | evnivB‡b

cÖwZw`b GKUv Bs‡iRx cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ nq Ges GUv wewfbœ ai‡bi Z_¨ msMª‡ni Rb¨

†ek cÖ‡qvRbxq | evnivB‡bi mieivnK…Z cvwb LvIqvi Dchy³ bv me‡P‡q fvj n‡jv

wgbv‡ij IqvUvi, †evZ‡j cvIqv hvq | †U‡ci cvwb jebv³ |

b‡f¤¦i †_‡K †deªæqvix GB mgqUv evnivBb åg‡bi Rb¨ me‡P‡q fvj mgq |

ZvcgvÎv I AvenvIqv Gmgq me‡P‡q g‡bvig | ARmª ch©UK ZLb G‡`‡k Av‡m ZvB

†nv‡U‡j iæg cvIqv GKUy KóKi n‡q c‡o | me‡k‡l ej‡Z nq - evsjv‡`kx ågbKvix‡`i

Rb¨ evnivBb ågb †Zgb †Kvb mgm¨ bq LiP I †Zgb †ekx bq | †KD hw` ga¨cÖv‡P¨i

†`k¸‡jv md‡i †ei nq Zvi Aek¨B evnivBb I †`‡L Avmv DwPZ | Kvib Gme

†`k¸‡jv‡Z wegvb QvovI evm †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q | I ¯’jc‡_ U¨vw· ev †i›U-G Kvi G K‡i

hvIqv hvq | cÖevmx evsMvjxiv †ek Avš—wiK Ges me mgq Zviv †`kx AªgbKvix‡`i

mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K |