DANH MC CC CH VIT TT

Vit tt

Ting Anh

Ting Vit

AAS

Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometry

Quang ph hp th nguyn t

AE

Auxiliary Electrode

in cc ph tr

ASV

Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Von Ampe ha tan anot

CSV

Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry

Von - Ampe ha tan catot

CV

Cyclic Voltammetry

Von-ampe vng

DP

Differential Pulse

Xung vi phn

DPASV

Differential Pulse Anodic

Stripping Voltammetry

Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode

Phng php cc ph xung

DPP

Differential pulse polarography

HMDE

Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode

LOD

Limit of detection

MFE

Mercury Film Electrode

vi phn
in cc git thy ngn treo
Gii hn pht hin
in cc mng thy ngn
Phng php cc ph xung bin

NPP

Normal pulse polarography

i u

RDE

Rotating Disk Electrode

in cc a quay

RE

Reference Electrode

in cc so snh

SMDE

State Mercury Drop Electrode

in cc git thu ngn tnh

SSE

Solid State Electrode

in cc rn

WE

Workinh Electrode

in cc lm vic

MC LC
M U ................................................................................................................ 1
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN TI LIU THAM KHO .......................................... 3
1.1 Gii thiu chung v cc kim loi nng ............................................................... 3
1.2 Gii thiu v ng, ch, cadimi v km. ............................................................. 3
1.2.1 Trng thi t nhin, vai tr v hiu ng sinh ho ca ng....................... 3
1.2.1.1 Trng thi t nhin ca ng .............................................................. 3
1.2.1.2 Vai tr v hiu ng sinh ho ca ng ............................................... 3
1.2.2 Trng thi t nhin, vai tr v hiu ng sinh ho ca ch.......................... 4
1.2.2.1 Trng thi t nhin ca ch ................................................................ 4
1.2.2.2 Vai tr v hiu ng sinh ho ca ch .................................................. 4
1.2.3 Trng thi t nhin, vai tr v hiu ng sinh ho ca caimi .................... 5
1.2.3.1 Trng thi t nhin ca caimi ........................................................... 6
1.2.3.2 Vai tr v hiu ng sinh ho ca caimi............................................. 6
1.2.4 Trng thi t nhin, vai tr v hiu ng sinh ho ca km ........................ 7
1.2.4.1 Trng thi t nhin ca km ............................................................... 7
1.2.4.2 Vai tr v hiu ng sinh ho ca km ................................................ 8
1.3. c tnh in ho ca Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu ............................................................... 8
1.4. L thuyt Phng php cc ph v von-ampe ho tan (vaht) ............................ 9
1.4.1 C s l thuyt phng php cc ph ....................................................... 9
1.4.1.2 Qu trnh xy ra trn in cc git thu ngn ................................... 10
1.4.1.3 Phng trnh Inkovich v in th na sang (th bn sng) ............. 12
1.4.2 C s l thuyt ca phng php von-ampe ha tan. .............................. 14
1.4.2.1 Nguyn tc chung ca phng php Von - Ampe ho tan ................ 14
1.4.2.2 C s l thuyt ca phng php Von - Ampe ho tan .................... 17
1.5. u im ca phng php Von-Ampe ho tan. Cc hng ng dng, pht
trin ca phn tch in ho ho tan. ..................................................................... 21
1.5.1. u im ca phng php Von-Ampe ho tan trong vic xc nh
lng vt cc kim loi. .................................................................................... 21
1.5.2 Cc hng ng dng v pht trin ca phn tch Von-Ampe ho tan. ..... 22
1.6 Mt s phng php phn tch xc nh lng vt cc kim loi nng ............. 23
1.7 S dng phng php Von-Ampe ho tan phn tch lng vt cc kim
loi nng. ............................................................................................................... 24
1.7.1. Tnh hnh s dng phng php Von-Ampe ho tan nc ngoi ........ 24
1.7.2 Tnh hnh s dng phng php Von-Ampe ho tan trong nc ......... 24

CHNG 2: THC NGHIM ............................................................................. 25

2.1. Thit b, dng c v ho cht .......................................................................... 25
2.1.1 Dng c ................................................................................................. 25
2.1.2. Thit b v my mc ............................................................................. 25
2.1.3. Ho cht ............................................................................................... 26
2.1.4 Phng php o ..................................................................................... 27
2.2. K thut thc nghim ..................................................................................... 28
2.2.1. C s xy dng mt quy trnh phn tch theo phng php VonAmpe ho tan. ................................................................................................ 28
2.2.2. Ni dung nghin cu ............................................................................. 29
2.2.3. Xy dng ng chun, nh gi ng chun ..................................... 29
2.2.4. p dng vo phn tch trn mu thc t. ................................................ 32
2.3. Qu trnh phn tch ......................................................................................... 32
2.3.1. Ly mu v bo qun mu .................................................................... 32
2.3.2. X l mu trc khi phn tch .............................................................. 32
2.3.3. Tin hnh phn tch .............................................................................. 32
2.4. X l kt qu thc nghim .............................................................................. 32
CHNG 3: KT QU V THO LUN ......................................................... 33
3.1. iu kin ti u xc nh km, caimi, ch, ng ........................................... 33
3.1.1 Kho st nh hng ca mi trng phn tch ....................................... 33
3.1.1.1 Kho st chn nn in li ti u. ................................................................ 33
3.1.2. Kho st tm cc thng s k thut o ti u .......................................... 36
3.1.2.1. Kho st th in phn lm giu ti u ........................................... 36
3.1.2.2. Kho st tm bin xung ti u .................................................... 37
3.1.2.3. Kho st thi gian t xung ti u ................................................... 39
3.1.2.4. Kho st tc qut th ................................................................. 40
3.1.2.5. Kho st thi gian in phn lm giu............................................. 41
3.1.2.6. Kho st kch thc git thu ngn ................................................. 43
3.1.2.7. Kho st tc khuy dung dch .................................................... 45
3.1.2.8. Kho st tm thi gian cn bng ti u ........................................... 46
3.1.3. Kho st nh hng ca cc nguyn t ................................................. 47
3.1.3.1. Kho st nh hng ca oxi ho tan ................................................ 47
3.1.3.2. Kho st nh hng ca st, nhm, niken ....................................... 49
3.1.4. Kho st nh hng qua li gia cc ion cn xc nh ng thi. .......... 52
3.1.4.1. Kho st nh hng ca Zn2+ ti cc ion Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+............ 53
3.1.4.2. Kho st nh hng ca Cd2+ ti cc ion Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+............ 54

3.1.4.3. Kho st nh hng ca Pb2+ ti cc ion Zn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+............ 54

3.1.4.4. Kho st nh hng ca Cu2+ ti cc ion Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+............ 55
3.2. Kho st tin cy ca php o ...................................................................... 56
3.3. Xc nh hm lng cc cht phn tch .......................................................... 57
3.3.1 Phng php ng chun..................................................................... 58
3.3.1.1 Xy dng ng chun ca cc ion kim loi cn xc nh ............... 59
3.3.1.2. Kim tra ng chun ..................................................................... 59
3.3.1.3 nh gi chnh xc ca ng chun xc nh hm lng cc
ion Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ ......................................................................... 59
3.3.2. Phng php thm chun ...................................................................... 63
3.3.2.1. C s ca phng php thm chun ................................................ 63
3.3.2.2. Kim tra chnh xc ca phng php thm chun ...................... 64
3.3.2.3. So snh sai s tng i tnh theo phng php ng chun v
phng php thm chun khi phn tch mu t to ..................................... 65
3.4 p dng phng php thm chun xc nh hm lng km, caimi, ch,
ng trong mu nc sinh hot v nc thi.......................................................... 65
3.4.1 Quy trnh x l mu ............................................................................... 65
3.4.2 Phn tch mu v kt qu phn tch ....................................................... 66
3.4.2.1 Phng php x l kt qu phn tch ............................................... 66
3.4.2.2 Kt qu xc nh hm lng km, cadimi, ch v ng trong mu
nc. ........................................................................................................... 67
KT LUN ........................................................................................................... 83
TI LIU THAM KHO ..................................................................................... 84

M U
Hin nay th gii ang rung hi chung bo ng v thc trng nhim mi
trng ton cu. Mi trng tr thnh vn chung ca ton nhn loi v c ton
th gii quan tm, cng vi s nng ln ca tri t gy hiu ng nh knh v xut hin
ngy mt nhiu l thng trn tng Ozon bo v tri t khi cc tia cc tm.
Nm trong khung cnh chung ca th gii mi trng Vit Nam chng ta
xung cp cc b do chng ta ang trong thi k pht trin cng nghip ha, hin
i ha, th ha v s tng mt dn s qu nhanh cc khu th. i km vi
s pht trin l vn nhim mi trng do cc ngun rc thi, nc thi, kh
thi gy ra. Tt c cc ngun thi ni trn u cha ng trong n bit bao nhiu
loi cht c hi.
Cc ngun thi c a ra mi trng hu ht u cha c x l hoc
mi x l s b do vy gy ra nhim mi trng c bit l mi trng nc.
Nhng ngun nc thi, nc thi t cc ngnh cng nghip m trong c cha
rt nhiu kim loi nng c hi t i vo cng, rnh, sng, h lm nhim cc
ngun nc l ch yu. Nhng kim loi nng ny i vo c th t con ng n
ung, h hp chng tch lu trong c th con ngi v sinh vt gy ra nhng tc hi
v cng nguy him. Do vy vic tm ra cc phng php xc nh v tch loi
kim loi nng ra khi mi trng nc l vn ht sc cn thit v c ngha v
cng quan trng.
xc nh cc kim loi nng trong nc nhiu phng php c p
dng cho nhng kt qu rt kh quan nh: quang ph hp th nguyn t, sc k ion,
kch hot ntron. Cc phng php ny u c nhy v chnh xc cao, tuy
nhin c nhc im l thit b t tin v cha ph bin nc ta.
Phng php cc ph Von - Ampe ha tan l phng php c chnh xc,
nhy cao, k thut phn tch li khng qu phc tp, thit b phn tch n gin,
thng dng vi cc phng th nghim Vit Nam, s dng cc ha cht thng
thng, tn t ha cht, c th nh lng ng thi lng vt nhiu ion kim loi
cng c mt trong dung dch. Xut pht t thc t trn, chng ti chn ti:
Nghin cu xc nh hm lng mt s cation kim loi nng trong nc thi v
nc sinh hat bng phng php Von Ampe ha tan anot xung vi phn
Trong khun kh mt lun vn thc s, chng ti tin hnh nhng cng vic
sau:
- Nghin cu tm cc iu kin ti u nh: Nng nn, th in phn, thi
gian in phn, bin xung xc nh ng thi cc kim loi km, caimi, ch,

ng bng phng php cc ph Von - Ampe ho tan trn in cc git thu ngn
treo t chnh xc tho mn
- Kho st tin cy ca php o.
- Xy dng ng chun, nh gi kim tra ng chun, ng thm
chun, so snh sai s tng i ca hai phng php ny.
- p cc iu kin ti u, phng php thm chun vo phn tch mt s
mu thc t.
- Kt lun, xut phng n trin khai thc t.