TIU CHUN NH NC

TCVN 1659 75
KIM LOI V HP KIM
NGUYN TC T K HIU
1. QUI NH CHUNG
1.1. Mi kim loi hay hp kim phi c mt k hiu thng nht ph hp vi nguyn tc t k hiu
qui nh thng nht trong tiu chun ny.
1.2. K hiu kim loi hay hp kim phi c tnh h thng, chnh xc r rng, ngn gn, khng gy
nhm ln.
2. K HIU
2.1. H thng k hiu kim loi v hp kim l h thng k hiu bng ch v s c vit xen k
v ln lt trong mt k hiu kim loi hay hp kim, phn ch l phn nh tnh biu th thnh
phn cu to ca kim loi hay hp kim, phn ch s l phn nh lng biu th hm lng trung
bnh ca tng nguyn t tng ng ng trc.
2.2. Phn nh tnh trong k hiu ca kim loi hay hp kim c sp xp theo th t ca cc
nguyn t c tnh cht nh hng quyt nh n hp kim theo chiu gim dn.
2.3. Phn nh lng trong k hiu ca kim loi hay hp kim ty theo yu cu ca tng loi sn
phm, c th khng cn ghi ch s ca phn nh lng sau mt nguyn t no . Nn quy trn
cc gi tr ca ch s khi a vo k hiu nu vic quy trn khng gy ra nhm ln.
2.3.1. Trong k hiu kim loi mu, phn nh lng l phn ch s biu th s th t cp loi sn
phm. S th t cng tng th hm lng cng gim.
Phn nh lng cng c th l phn ch s biu th sch tnh theo phn trm (%).
2.3.2. Trong k hiu hp kim mu, ch s biu th hm lng trung bnh ca cc nguyn t theo
phn trm (%).
2.3.3. Trong k hiu ca thp cacbon cht lng tt v thp ccbon dng c ch s ng lin sau
phn k hiu vt liu (C v CD) biu th hm lng cacbon trung bnh theo phn vn (% 00).
Trong k hiu thp hp kim, ch s ng u k hiu biu th hm lng cacbon trung bnh theo
phn vn (%00).
2.3.4. Trong k hiu thp hp kim v gang hp kim, ch s ng lin sau mi k hiu nguyn t
hp kim ha biu th hm lng trung bnh ca nguyn t theo phn trm (%).
Nu hm lng trung bnh ca nguyn t no xp x bng 1% th lin sau nguyn t thng
khng a ch s vo k hiu.
2.3.5. Trong k hiu gang c, gang Mactanh, phn ch s ng sau k hiu vt liu biu th s
th t cp loi sn phm. C s xp loi ch yu da vo hm lng silic trong gang; s th t
cng tng, hm lng silic (tnh theo phn trm) trong gang cng gim.
2.3.6. Trong k hiu gang xm, phn nh tnh gm 2 nhm s rp (mi nhm gm hai s
hng) vit lin nhau v ng ngay sau k hiu vt liu.
Nhm s u biu th gi tr nh nht ca bn ko (kG/mm 2).
Nhm s tip sau biu th gi tr nh nht ca bn un (kG/mm 2).
Gia 2 nhm s cch nhau 1 gch ngang ngn (-).
2.3.7. Trong k hiu gang graphit cu, gang do, phn nh tnh gm 2 nhm s rp (mi nhm
gm 2 s hng) vit lin nhau v ng ngay sau k hiu vt liu; nhm u biu th gi tr nh
nht ca bn ko (kG/mm2) nhm s tip sau biu th gi tr nh nht ca dn di tng
i (%). Nu gi tr ca dn di tng i nm trong gii hn hng n v th phi thm s

khng (0) vo trc ch s hng n v lc no cng 4 ch s phn ch s. Gia 2 nhm

s cch nhau 1 gch ngang ngn (-).
2.4. i vi mt k hiu ca thp cng loi vt liu, nhng c quy nh thnh phn ha hc gii
hn kht khe hn, hoc s dng phng php nu luyn v tinh luyn khc ci tin cht
lng ca vt liu tt hn so vi vt liu cng loi th cui k hiu ca thp c ghi ch A.
Trong k hiu thp cacbon thng thng v thp cacbon cht lng tt sau phn ch s (biu th
bn ko hay phn trm hm lng cacbon) dng ch s k hiu thp si v ch n k
hiu thp na lng.
i vi thp lng, khng cn ghi ch thm ch vo k hiu.
2.5. Dng cc ch ci ng trc k hiu biu th loi vt liu:
G

k hiu

gang

GX

gang xm

GZ

gang do

GC

gang graphit cu

gang c

GM

gang Mactanh

thp cacbon cht lng

CT

thp cacbon thng thng

CD

thp cacbon dng c

OL

thp ln

thp k thut in

Latng (hp kim ng km)

Brng (hp kim ng tr Latng)

PH LC 1
V D C TH MT S K HIU CA KIM LOI HAY HP KIM
S Tn gi
th
t
1

K hiu

Gii thch

Ghi ch

Gang

1 Gang
xm

GX 15 32

GX: k hiu gang xm

15: gi tr nh nht ca bn ko (kG/mm 2)
32: gi tr nh nht ca bn un (kG/mm2)

2 Gang do

GZ 33 08

GZ: k hiu gang do

33: gi tr nh nht ca bn ko (kG/mm 2)
08: gi tr nh nht ca dn di tng i (%)

3 Gang
graphit
cu

GC 60 02

GC: k hiu gang graphit cu

60: gi tr nh nht ca bn ko (kG/mm 2)
02: gi tr nh nht ca dn di tng i (%)

4 Gang
graphit
cu

GC Ni5Cu3Cr Gang graphit cu hp kim cha niken, ng, crm

Ni 5 biu th hm lng trung bnh ca niken l 5%
Cu 3 biu th hm lng trung bnh ca ng l 3%
Cr biu th hm lng trung bnh ca crm xp x 1%

5 Gang hp GNi15Cu7Cr2 Gang hp kim cha niken, ng, crm

kim
Ni 15 biu th hm lng trung bnh ca niken l 15 %
Cu 7 biu th hm lng trung bnh ca ng l 7%
Cr 2 biu th hm lng trung bnh ca crm l 2%
6 Gang c

G0

G: k hiu gang c

G1

0: k hiu loi gang c c t 3,26 n 3,75% silic

G2

1: k hiu loi gang c c t 2,76 n 3,25% silic

G3

2: k hiu loi gang c c t 2,26 n 2,75% silic

G4

3: k hiu loi gang c c t 1,76 n 2,25% silic

4: k hiu loi gang c c t 1,26 n 1,75% silic

7 Gang
Mactanh

GM1

GM: k hiu gang Mactanh

GM2

S rp sau k hiu GM l s th t cp loi ca gang

Mactanh theo hm lng ca silic
1. K hiu loi gang Mactanh c t 0,76 n 1,25 % silic
2. K hiu loi gang Mactanh c 0,75 % silic

Thp
cacbon
8 Thp
cacbon
thng
thng
(thp xy
dng)

CT 33

CT: k hiu thp cacbon thng thng (thp xy dng)

CT 34

Nhm s rp (2 s) ng sau k hiu CT l gi tr nh

nht ca bn ko (kG/mm2) 33, 34, 38, 42, 50, 52, 60:
gi tr nh nht ca bn ko (kG/mm2)

CT 34s
CT 38n
CT 42
CT 50
CT 60

CT 34 2
CT 34s 2
CT 38n 2

s: k hiu thp si
n: k hiu thp na lng
khng c s v n l thp lng
S rp ng sau du gch ni (-) biu th nhm thp:
- 2: k hiu thp nhm 2, cht lng ch yu bo m theo
thnh phn ha hc
- 3: k hiu thp nhm 3, cht lng ch yu bo m theo
c tnh v thnh phn ha hc.

Trng hp trong k hiu khng c k hiu nhm thp c

CT 38n 2 Mn ngha l thp nhm 1, cht lng ch yu bo m
theo c tnh

9 Thp
cacbon
cht
lng tt

CT 34 3

n 2 Mn: k hiu thp na lng nhm 2, c nng cao hm

lng mangan

C5 ; C5.s

C: k hiu thp cacbon cht lng

C5 ; C8 s

Nhm s rp ng sau ch C ch hm lng trung bnh

ca cacbon theo phn vn (%00)

C10 ; C10.s

C15 ; C15.s
C20 ; C20.s

C5: thp cacbon cht lng c hm lng cacbon trung

bnh l 0,05%

C85: thp cacbon cht lng c hm lng cacbon trung

C20 . Mn ; C25;
bnh l 0,85%
C25 Mn
C30 ; C30 . n;
C30 Mn ; C40;
C40 Mn

C70 ; C70 Mn
C85
10 Thp
cacbon
dng c

CD70 ; CD70A CD: k hiu thp cacbon dng c

CD80 ; CD80A Nhm s rp ng sau k hiu CD biu th hm lng
cacbon trung bnh ca thp cacbon dng c theo phn vn
CD90 ; CD90A
(%00)
CD100 ;
CD 70: k hiu thp cacbon dng c vi hm lng ca
CD100A
cacbon trung bnh 0,70%
CD110 ; CD110A
CD 70A: k hiu thp cacbon dng c vi hm lng ca
cacbon trung bnh 0,70% nhng cht lng tt hn thp
CD120 ;
CD 70
CD120A
CD130 ;
CD130A

Thp
hp kim
v hp
kim en
11 Thp hp
kim thp

10 Mn2Si1

10: hm lng trung bnh ca cacbon bng 0,10%

Mn2: hm lng trung bnh ca mangan bng 2%
Si1: hm lng trung bnh ca silic bng 1%

9 Mn2

9: hm lng trung bnh ca cacbon bng 0,09%

Mn2: hm lng trung bnh ca mangan bng 2%

12 Thp d
ct
(thp t
ng)

13 Thp
dng c
hp kim

10S
40S
10SMnPb

100Cr2
70CrV
130Cr12V2
40Cr5W4VsiMn

14 Thp gi

90W9V2
75W18V
90W18Co5V2

15 Thp
ln

OL 100Cr
OL 100Cr1
OL 100Cr2-X
OL 100Cr2MnSi

16 Thp hn

12Mn2
8Mn2SiMo
13Cr2MoTi

17 Thp v
hp kim
chng n
mn
(khng r)
18 Thp v
hp kim
chu nng

20Cr13
30Cr13
10Cr12Ni2
8Cr18Ni10Ti
Ni70CrAl
40Cr9Si2
8Cr20Ni14Si2

19 Thp v
hp kim
bn nng

10Cr8WV
Ni60CrAl
Ni35CrWTiAl

20 Thp v
45Mn17Al3
hp kim
8Cr20Mn10Ni4N
t
Ni79Mo
21 Hp kim
t n nhit

Ni36
Ni30Co30
Cr47Ni8

22 Thp v
hp kim
n hi
c bit

Ni36CrTiAl
Co40CrNiMo

ng v
hp kim
ng
23 ng kim
loi

Cu1

Cu: k hiu ng kim loi

Cu2

Ch s sau k hiu Cu ch th t cp loi theo sch ca

ng (Cu)

C th k hiu l:
Cu 99,9

Cu3

Cu1: ng kim loi cha 99,9% Cu

Cu 99,7

Cu2: ng kim loi cha 99,7% Cu

Cu 99,5

Cu3: ng kim loi cha 99,5% Cu

24 Latng

LCuZn20

Trong Latng
nguyn t hp kim
ha
K hiu c: L80
Cu = 80%
Cn li l Zn

25 Latng
ch

LCuZn40Pb2

K hiu c: L58
Cu = 58%
Cn li l Zn

LCuZn39Pb

K hiu c: L60Pb
Cu = 60%
Pb = 0,5 2,5%
Cn li l Zn
Trong c 2 k hiu
(c v mi) hm
lng Pb = 0,5
2,5%. Do vy khng
a ch s vo sau
k hiu Pb v s qu
l

26 Latng
c bit
mangan
ch

LCuZn40MnPb

Sau k hiu Mn Pb
khng ch s v
hm lng ca mi
nguyn t cho php
dao ng trong 1
gii hn trn di 1
K hiu c: L 58Pb
Cu = 58%
Pb = 1 2%
Cn li l Zn

27 Latng
c bit
nhm
st

LCuZn40Al2Fe1

K hiu c:
L 58 Al 2
Cu = 58%
Al = 2%
Cn li l Zn

28 Latng
c bit
nhm
niken

LCuZn35Al1Ni

Sau k hiu Ni
khng ghi ch s v
hm lng Niken
dao ng xp x 1
K hiu c: L59
Cu = 59%
Cn li l Zn

29 Brng

BCuSn2

BCuSn6

30 Brng
km

BCuSn6Zn6

31 Brng
km ch

BCuSn4Zn4Pb4

32 Hp kim
ng
niken

CuNi5

33 Hp kim
ng
niken
st

CuNi10Fe

Sau k hiu Fe
khng ghi ch s v
hm lng Fe xp x
1%

34 Hp kim
ng
niken
km

CuNi25Zn15

Hp kim Ny dnh
b

Thuc h hp kim
ng niken

CuNi18Zn20

-nt-

Nhm v
hp kim
nhm
35 Nhm
kim loi
c
sch cao

Al 1A

Al: k hiu nhm kim loi

C th k hiu l:

Al 2A

Ch s sau k hiu Al biu th cp loi theo sch ca Al

Al 99,99

Al 3A

Al 1A: nhm kim loi cha 99,99% Al

Al 99,95

Al 2A: nhm kim loi cha 99,95% Al

Al 99,90

Al 3A: nhm kim loi cha 99,90% Al

A: k hiu sch cao
36 Hp kim
nhm
manh

Al99Mg1

AlMg2 Hp kim
nhm bin dng

Al90Mg1

AlMg5 l hp kim
nhm c

AlMg2
AlMg5

Cn li l Al v cc nguyn t hp kim ha khc cng cc

tp cht khc
37 Hp kim
nhm
ng
manh

AlCu4Mg2

Hp kim nhm bin

dng

38 Hp kim
nhm
silic
manh

AlSi7Mg

Hp kim nhm c

39 Hp kim
nhm
silic
ng

AlSi7Cu2

-nt-

Ch v
hp kim
ch
40 Ch kim
loi

Pb1
Pb2

Pb: k hiu ch kim loi; ch s ghi sau k hiu Pb l s th

t cp loi phn theo sch ca Pb
Pb1: ch kim loi cha 99,99% Pb
Pb2: ch kim loi cha 99,885% Pb

C th k hiu l:
Pb: 99,99
Pb: 99,885

41 Hp kim
ch

PbSn4Pb15

Km v
hp kim
km
42 Km kim
loi

Zn1
Zn2
Zn3
Zn4
Zn5
Zn6

Zn: k hiu km kim loi; ch s sau k hiu Zn biu th cp

loi theo sch ca Zn
Zn1: Km kim loi cha 99,995%Zn
Zn2: Km kim loi cha 99,99%Zn
Zn3: Km kim loi cha 99,975%Zn
Zn4: Km kim loi cha 99,95%Zn
Zn5: Km kim loi cha 99,9%Zn

C th k hiu l:
Zn: 99,995
Zn: 99,99
Zn: 99,975
Zn: 99,95
Zn: 99,9
Zn: 99,7

Zn6: Km kim loi cha 99,7%Zn

43 Hp kim
km c

ZnAl4

Trong c Cu = 0, - 0,6%
Mg = 0,02 0,05%
Pb + Cd = 0,011%
Sn = 0,001
Fe = 0,075
Cn li l Zn
ZnAl6Cu1

44 Hp kim
NiCr20
niken
NiCr20TiAl
chng n
mn v
NiMo18Cr16Fe
bn nng
NiCu30Fe
Thic v
hp kim
thic
45 Thic kim
loi

Sn1
Sn2
Sn3
Sn4
Sn5

Sn: k hiu thic kim loi; ch s sau k hiu Sn biu th

cp loi theo sch ca Sn
Sn1: Thic kim loi cha 99,9% Sn
Sn2: Thic kim loi cha 99,75% Sn
Sn3: Thic kim loi cha 99,565% Sn
Sn4: Thic kim loi cha 99% Sn
Sn5: Thic kim loi cha 98% Sn

C th k hiu l:
Sn 99,9
Sn 99,75
Sn 99,565
Sn 99
Sn 98

46 Hp kim
thic hn

Sn25Pb
Sn30Pb
Sn40Pb
Sn60Pb

47 Hp kim
manh

MgAl6Zn3

MgMn2

PH LC 2
MT S NHN HIU KIM LOI V HP KIM EN TNG NG CA MT S NC
SN XUT
Theo
Theo
Theo Theo OCT Theo Theo CSN Theo
TCVN ca TGL ca DIN ca ca Lin X Trung Tip Khc MSZ
Vit Nam CHDC CHLB
Quc
ca
c
c
Hung

Theo Theo Theo Theo Theo Theo Theo

SAE, Anh Php Nht B
Na-uy Balan
AISI
ca
M

Thp
ccbon
thng
thng
(thp xy
dng)
CT33

ST33

ST33

CTO

AO

STO

CT34s-2 St34u-2 USt34-2 BCT2Kn

MCT2Kn
CT34n-2 St34hb-2

BCT2MCT2

CT38

St38

St37

CT3

A3

ST37K

SS41

ST3

CT42

St42

St42

CT4

A4

ST42K

SS39

ST4

C10

C10

C10

10

C15s

15Kn

C45

C45

C45

C60

C60

C60

v.v..
Thp
cacbon
cht
lng
10 PoldiW8Sp C10- C1010
C10K

XC10 S10CC10mSE0,SE1 10

45

45

PoldiW6H C45- C1045

C45K

XC45 S45CC45m

45

60

60

PoldiW5H C60- C1060

C60K

C60m

60

v.v
Thp
cacbon
dng c
CD70

C70 W2

1620

Y7

T7

Poldi6

S72

SK7

CD100 C100 W2 1640

Y10

T10 Poldi E, 4 S102

SK4

CD100A C100 W1 1540

Y10A

T10A Poldi EZH S101 W11,

OCSp

CD110A C110 W1 1550

Y11A

T11A

XC95ex
Fins

N7
5
N11E

Thp hp
kim dng
c
60CrSi

67SiCr5

2101

6XC

6CrSi

100V

100V3

PoldiEZH
Spcial

2067

Cr

Poldi CrK

100Cr2 100Cr6
hoc
OL100Cr2

210Cr12 210Cr46 2080

NV
K4

IIIX15

GCr15 Poldi CKL GO3

X12

Cr12 Poldi 2002 K1

14

NC4

SUJ2
SKD1 35

SS212