MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE

Introduction
M I C R O B E S A R E P R E S E N T E V E R Y W H E R E . I N S O I L , A I R , W A T E R E T C

A L S O I N E X T R E M E C O N D I T I O N S , E X T R E M O P H I L E S
M I C R O B E S A R E G R O W N I N M E D I A T O F O R M C O L O N I E S ,

SEEN WITH NAKED EYE.

E X A M P L E S A R E N U T R I E N T A G A R , S A B R A U D S D E X T R O S E

AGAR ETC.
M I C R O B E S C A U S E D I S E A S E S I N H U M A N S , A N I M A L S ,

PLANTS ETC.
A L L M I C R O B E S A R E N O T H A R M F U L

MICROBES IN HOUSE HOLD PRODUCTS

CURDLING OF MILK Lactic acid bacteria is used Produce acid by fermentation, which convert or coagulate the milk protein casein to paracaseinate.

FERMENTED FOODS
Fermentation of dough. Puffed appearance is due to CO2. Alcoholic fermentation takes place. Glucose Pyruvate Pyruvate Ethanol + CO2 Leuconostoc mesentroids, Streptococcus faecalis, Pediococcus

cerevisiae

 CHEESE

Different types are

Hard cheese Swiss Cheese Lactobacillus +

Propionibacterium shermanii Semi hard cheese Roquefort cheese Penicillium roquefortii Soft cheese Camembert cheese Penicillium camemberti Unripened cheese LAB Ripened cheese LAB + other enzymes(Rennet).

Other Milk Products

Bulgarian Butter Milk Lactobacillus delbreuckii Yogurt Sterptococcus thermophilus Acidophilus milk Lactobacillus acidophilus

MICROBES IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

Fermented beverages Wine, Beer , Whisky, Brandy, Rum. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Fermentation of malted fruit juices and cereals into ethanol.

Wine and beer are prepared without distillation. Beer Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

Antibiotics, Chemicals & Enzymes

Penicillin Penicillium notatum, Penicillium

chrysogenum.
Streptomycin Streptomyces
Kanamycin Streptomyces kanamysiticus Tetracyclin Streptomyces Cephalosporin - Acromonium

Antibiotics, Chemicals & Enzymes

Citric Acid Aspergillus niger Acetic Acid Acetobacter aceti

Butyric Acid Clostridium butyricum

Proteases Bacillus subtilis or Aspergillus oryzae. Pectinases Aspergillus niger, Penicillium,

Clostridium
Streptokinase - Streptococcus

MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT

The steps involves Primary treatment/ Preliminary/ Physical Secondary treatment/ Biological

Tertiary/ Chemical/ Advanced

MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT

Primary Treatment Screening Sedimentation Secondary Treatment Oxidation process carried out by microbes Trickling Filters ( Zooglea ramigera) Rotating biodisc ( beggiatoa, oscillatoria, nocardia ) Oxidation ponds Activated Sludge process

MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT

Tertiary Treatment
Removal of synthetic pollutants, toxic

materials Activated charcoal Nitrification Disinfection

MICROBES IN BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Biogas is a mixture of methane, H2S and CO2

Methanobacterium grow on cellulostic material and

produce methane.

MICROBES IN BIOCONTROL AGENTS

Bacillus thuringenesis, B.sphericus, B.popillae.

Produce endotoxin crystal

It is coded by CRY gene.

By recombination BT cotton is

prepared.

Trichoderma

Baculovirus

NPV,GV Produce polyhedron

Commercial production is ElCartin and Biotrol

MICROBES AS BIOFERTLIZERS
Bacteria Rhizobium, Azospirillum Phosphate solubilizers Bacillus. Thiobacillus Fungi Mycorrihzae- VAM Cyanobacteria Azolla Anabaena system