Assignment No 1 (Matrices)

1. Given the matrices

2 A = 3 1 3 2 1 4 2 2 B = 3 1 3 1 3 4 C = 1 6 5 2 2 4 D = 1 2

3 2

1 3

Find the following matrices if they exist, or explain why they dont exist. (I stands for an identity matrix of the appropriate size). (a) 3A (b) -2B (c) A + B (d) B + C (e) A + 3I (f) B + 3I (g) AB (h) BA (i) BC (j) CD (k) A2 (l) B2 (m) (BD)2 2. (a) Suppose A and B are matrices such that both AB and BA are defined. Show that AB and BA are both square matrices. (b) If A and B are square matrices such that AB = BA show that (A-B)(A+B) = A2-B2. (c) Find two 2 x 2 matrices A, B for which (A - B)(A + B) A2 - B2 (d) Prove that (A + B)2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB if and only if AB = BA 3. Let A and B be two matrices such that AB is defined. By considering the general entry in both sides of the equation, show that A( B) = (AB) where is any real number.
1 A = 4. Let 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 B = 2 2 C = 3 1 4 2 2 2 2 4

Show that AB = AC and deduce that matrices cannot in general be cancelled from products. 5. Let A =
0 = 6. N 0 0

2 3
1 0 0

1 Show that A2 = A + 5I and hence find A6 as a linear combination of A and I. 1

0 1 0

Find N2 and N3. Show that (I + N )(I N + N 2 ) = I 7. Let A and B be n x n real matrices such that A2 = I, B2 = I and (AB)2 = I. Prove that AB = BA. 8. Let A be a 2 x 2 real matrix such that AX = XA for all 2 x 2 real matrices X. Show that A = I for some R .
1 9. Suppose A = 4 3 2 0 2 3 0 3 7 1 B = 2 1 6 1 0 5 1

(a) Write down a column vector v such that Av is the second column of A.

(b) Write down a row vector v such that vB is the third row of B. (c) Write down a column vector v such that Av is the second column of AB. (d) Write down a row vector v such that vB is the first row of AB. 10. Find the transposes of the following matrices:
1 A 3 4 2 2 0 B = 4 5 5 5 6 0 4 5 8 3 1 5 C = 4 2 6 4 3 6 2 6 7