.

1 Gsm

gsm

GSM
GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
() ,
.
? GSM :
, GSM
900 GSM900 1800
GSM1800 1900 GSM1900
.
: GSM
, , :
-1 , Mobile station

() ME Mobile Equipment
( ) SIM Subscriber Identity Module
-2 Base Station SubSystem
:
BTS Base Terminal Station Base
Transceiver Station ,
BTS /
() , BTS
BSC .
BTS's . BTS ,
.
BTS 8
.
BTS 120 , BTS's 3
360 .
BSC Base Station controllers
BTS ,BTS's ,

( ) frequency Hopping
() , Handovers
BSC BTS's , .
-3 NSS Network Station SubSystem
,
...




!!
!!




-

,




signals
ORDERS
.

frequency waves
wire wireless frequency

( subscriber number )


(
).

 ( )0 ( ) 9



.
-1 ( 00 -2 .) +
-3 . ( )
-4 . -5 .
-6 .
( ) ---- ( ) ----
60
( )00000 (.)60000
-7 ( )00000 (. )60000
+ + +
( )
+
+
.


audio
modulation
detector
wireless waves space satellite
stations ( microwave )
-1 :
memories fibre
(
) signal
call tx
station

tx station
( fibre cabe )
rx station

audio -test
-3 -4 -5
.subscriber telephone

.

 ( )

-1 . ADDRESS
.
:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
....... . .
-2 . DATA
.
-1 -2
-3
-4
-5
-6
...... . .
-3 COMMUNICTIONS
.


.
-:

wireless
satellite stations
microwave stations
- CODE


software
reciiever decoder
card

-1 general
-2 top in secret
.




detection

(
)
( )

.
DIGITAL LINE

DIGITAL
detection
REMOT UNIT bear


( ) () MSC Mobile Switching
Center

() :
Registration

, Authentication
() ********
Updating
BTS's HandOvers
romaing
subscriber

 MSC
PTSN . ISDN

Signalling System number 7 SS7
.
.BSC's
() HLR Home ******** Register


() ,
HLR , HLR's .
VLR Visitor ******** Register
() ,
() , VLR MSC VLR
AuC Authentication Center
( )

EIR Equipment Identity Register

( ) ,

IMEI
International Mobile Equipment Identity
, White list
Black List
Gray List

: IMEI
() ME ,
()

XXXXXX-XX-XXXXXX-X
TAC - FAC - SNR - CD
TAC: type approval code
FAC : final assembly code
SNR: serial number
CD: check digit
ITU
X X X X X X X X -X X X X X X - X
TAC - SNR - CD
IMEISV SV software version

XXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX-X-XX
TAC - SNR - CD -SVN
SVN software version noumber
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber
Identity
() ()
, 15

XXX-XX-XXXXXXXXXX
MCC - MNC - MSIN
MCC: mobile country code
MNC : mobile network code ()

MSIN: mobile station identification numbe
()
PLMN Public land
mobile network

.

? GSM
() MS ,
.
roaming
.
() MS BTS
BTS .
BTS's () MS
.
BTS MS
BTS BTS
BSC BTS's BTS
BTS . Handover
BTS BSC MSC
BSC BTS BSC
BSC , BSC BTS
.
MS BSC/MSC Handover
, BTS Handover

 .

() MS MSC BSC BTS
, HLR VLR ,
.
HLR VLR
() MS
VLR LAC ******** Area Code
.
VLR MS MSC
MSC HLR
.
PCH Paging channel
MS
HLR HLR
MS
MS
MSC
.
.....

MSC
MSC HLR
HLR
??? HLR VLR
MSC
.... HLR
MSC
MSC

..
HLR VLR

, MS
MS
MS
PCH
MS .


) (MS mobile station
BTS base terminal station
BSC Base station Controller
MSC mobile switching center
microwave station
satellite station
modulation
detector
TX station
RX station
Other link:
http://engineermahmoud.blogspot.com/2011/01/gsm-4-2.html

(
,
MSC
.

31 46

) , Transcoding and Rate Adaption Unit ( TRAU



, .
, ,



.

 ,

,
, MSC


,

, ,
,

.
,

,

, .

.

,
(
.

.


MSC

13
2 13,.


TRC ( T -
(

.

.