Rules of Inference

Conjunction (Conj) P Q PQ Disjunctive Syllogism (DS) PQ P Q Modus Ponens (MP) PQ P Q Simplification (Simp) PQ P Addition (Add) P PQ

Hypothetical Syllogism (HS) PQ QR PR Modus Tollens (MT) PQ Q P

Excluded Middle Introduction (EMI) PP

Constructive Dilemma (CD) PR QS PQ RS Indirect Proof (IP)

P (Q Q) P

P P P

Rules of Replacement
Commutation (Com) PQ QP PQ QP Double Negation (DN) P P Association (Assoc) P ( Q R) (P Q) R P (Q v R) (P Q) R De Morgan (DeM) (PQ) P Q ( P Q) P Q Implication (Impl) PQ P Q Bicondicional Equivalence (Equiv) PQ (P Q) (Q P) PQ (P Q) (P Q) Exportation (EXP) P ( Q R) Idempotence (Idem) PP P Distribution P (Q R) (P Q) (P R) P (Q R) (P Q) (P R) Transposition (Transp) P Q Q P

(P Q) R