-x-t

m mu hy dit b tht bi

Cu hi n v E-x-ra & N-h-mi

1. Hai nhn vt chnh ca sch E-x-ra l __________ v _______. 2. Hai nhn vt chnh ca sch N-hmi l _________ v _________. 3. E-x-ra tp ch vo vic ti dng _______, N-h-mi tp ch vo vic ti dng _________. C hai u bn v vic khi phc _________.

Cu hi n v E-x-ra & N-h-mi

1. Hai nhn vt chnh ca sch E-x-ra l __________ E-x-ra X-ru-ba-bn v _______. 2. Hai nhn vt chnh ca sch N-hmi l _________ v _________. E-x-ra N-h-mi 3. E-x-ra tp ch vo vic ti dng _______, n th N-h-mi tp ch vo vic tng thnh C hai u bn ti dng __________. v vic khi phc _________. con ngi

Sch x-t n khp vi ch no trong lch s?

-x-t
a-vt p-ra-ham
Cc chi phi

Jesus
Hin nay
Hi thnh

Nc lt

Cc Vua

Sng to

3 0 0 0

2 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

2 0 0 Sng to 0

mi

Xut Ai Cp 1 Sa-mu-n 2 Sa-mu-n -x-t

Sng th a-vt p-ra-ham Nc lt

Cc chi phi

Jesus
Hin nay
Hi thnh

Cc Vua

Sng to

3 0 0 0

2 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 Sng to

E-x-ra N-h-m Vng quc Vng quc Vng quc Hu Lu thng nht phn chia n c y
1050-930 930-722 722-586 536-425

1 1 0 0

1 0 5 0

1 0 0 0

9 5 0

9 0 0

8 5 0

8 0 0

7 5 0

7 0 0

6 5 0

6 0 0

5 5 0

5 0 0

4 5 0

Lu y 606-536

-x-t
Vng quc Vng quc Vng quc Hu Lu thng nht phn chia n c y
1050-930 930-722 722-586 536-425

1 1 0 0

1 0 5 0

1 0 0 0

9 5 0

9 0 0

8 5 0

8 0 0

7 5 0

7 0 0

6 5 0

6 0 0

5 5 0

5 0 0

4 5 0

Lu y 606-536

-x-t v tr no trong thi k hu lu y?

Bn nin i ca thi k hi hng

Gi-ru-ba-bn (537-516) -x-t 479-473 N-h-mi (444-430) E-x-ra (457-444)

5 4 0

5 5 5 5 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 Pht 560-477 Khng t 551-479

4 9 0

4 8 0

4 7 0

4 4 4 4 6 5 4 3 0 0 0 0 Socrates 470-399

4 2 0

4 1 0

Plato 427-347

Mi tng quan vi E-x-ra

Khi phc n th v con ngi n th Con ngi

289

Sch -x-t (58 nm cn trng)

X-ru-ba-bn
Ezra 16 50,000 ngi hi hng Sng st Lm vic
538-516 TC (22 nm) Chng i bn ngoi: ngi Sa-ma-ri Hi hng Ti xy dng 12 36
Chiu Ngi chi hi hng Bt u

E-x-ra
Ezra 710 5,000 ngi hi hng Phc hi Th phng
458-457 TC (1 nm) Chng i bn trong: ngoi hn Hi hng 78
Phm cht Ngi tr & quan phng v & bo v

Chng i 4:16:12

Chm dt 6:13-22

ngoi hn & than khc

Phc hi 910
Ly d

10

-x-t: Hong hu Ba-t

Walk Through The Bible 1989

 quc Ba-t

Bin gii lnh th ca quc m Sy-ru II khi dng V a-ri-t I cng c tri di t Hy Lp n n

-x-t
m mu hy dit b tht bi
m mu c hoch nh m mu b tht bi

308

Chg 14
Mi e da S quan phng c chun b Bt b

Chg 510
Chin thng S quan phng c ph chun Bo tn

Nguy him ln
Ba tic ca A-su-ru
-x-t c tn cao Mu ca Ha-man 2:194:17 1:12:18

Gii cu v i
Tic ca -x-t & l Phu-rim
Mc--ch thng Ha-man 5:18:2
Dn Giu-a Mc--ch trn thng k th Ba-t 8:39:32 10

Ba T 10 nm (483-473 TC)

T kha

308

Cu cn bn

308

(Mc--ch ni vi -x-t) v nu ngi lm thinh trong lc ny y, dn Giu-a hn s c tip tr v gii cu bi cch khc, cn ngi v nh cha ngi u s b h mt; song no ai bit rng chng phi v c c hi hin lc ny m ngi c v hong hu sao? (x 4:14).

..v c hi nhn lc ny y

..v c hi nhn lc ny y

309

Ta sch
-x-t (rTes.a,, ester) l mt tn

ting Ba-t pht xut t t ng "ngi sao." Ngha ny tht thch hp v -x-t l ngi sao ca sch mang tn b. Tn ting Hb-r ca b, Ha-a-sa, ngha l (cy) hi o".

Tc quyn
Ngoi chng Nhng tho lun ca ngi Do Thi v sch -x-t lin quan n mt vi vn khc hn l tc quyn, l iu vn cn cha bit n. Nhng im tng ng & nhng quan im ca hi thnh & Nh Hi v vn tc quyn khng c g l ng k.

309

Ni chng V sch khng c gi g v ngi vit, nn khng ai c th on ra c thn th ngi y. Bn k thut cho thy nhiu chi tit v Ba T v i sng ngi Do Thi ti nn tc gi hn phi l ngi Do Thi & v rt quen thuc vi phong cch ca ngi Ba T. Mt vi ngi cho rng E-xra, N-h-mi, hoc Mc-ch. Tuy nhin, khng ai thc s bit v ngi vit sch.

Hon cnh ra i

309

C hi

309

Nhng s kin trong sch -x-t ghi li khong thi gian 10 nm trong khong trng 58 nm gia E-x-ra 6 (516 TC) & E-x-ra 7 (458 TC). Cu chuyn xy ra t nm 483 n 473 TC gia thi gian cuc hi hng th nht di s lnh o ca X-ru-babn (538 TC) v ln th hai di E-x-ra (458 TC). Khng c sch -x-t Kinh Thnh hn vn gi im lng v tnh trng ca i a s ngi Do Thi hu lu y chn sng ti Ba-by-ln trong khi mt thiu s dn st l anh em ca h hi hng v t ha. Sch E-x-ra & N-h-mi khng nh s chm sc thn hu ca c Cha Tri trn thiu s dn st hi hng, trong khi sch -x-t cho thy rng c Cha Tri cng chm sc cch nhn t ngay c vi nhng ngi Do Thi th v thuc linh ny, l nhng ngi cn c ti sp xp cc nhu cu ca h.

309-310

c im
A. Tnh lch s Sch -x-t cha ng nhiu bi miu t tn mt v quc Ba T, mt s t trong c xc minh bng nhng ngun ti liu bn ngoi. Hin nay A-su-ru c ng nht vi Xc-xe ngi cai tr trn ton ci Ba T vo nm 485465 TC.

c im

309-310

B. Tnh Kinh in: Tnh ch li ca -x-t c tranh lun

trong mt thi gian di. Maimonides dy rng khi ng M-si n, mi sch trong Kinh Thnh Do Thi s mt i ngoi tr sch Lut Php v -x-t, l cc sch cn li i i. Tuy nhin, Martin Luther c g sch ny khng c vit ra v sch c nhiu vn . L do ca nhng quan im khc nhau ny pht xut t nhng c im c o ca sch:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Tn c Cha Tri khng bao gi c cp n trong sch -x-t khng c trch dn trong Tn c v khng c tm thy trong Cc Cun Bin Cht. Sch khng bao gi cp n Lut Php hoc cc sinh t ca ca l Do Thi. Khng m ch n s cu nguyn. Sch khng cha ng li cp g n vn thuc linh. Th loi vn chng c o ca sch khin sch c t gia nhng phn khc nhau trong nhng b s tp khc nhau ca cc sch Cu c.

309-310

c im
C. a im: -x-t l sch duy nht trong Kinh Thnh v lch s dn Do Thi bn ngoi t ha trong thi k dn ngoi (586 TC cho n khi ng Christ ti lm). iu ny c th gii thch v sao sch xut hin nh l sch lch s cui cng trong Kinh Thnh ting Anh (Vit), d v mt nin i sch ng trc N-h-mi, nhng hon cnh tng t nh trong sch c tip ni trong thi k dn ngoi cho n s gii cu ngi Do Thi khi ng Christ ti lm.

309-310

c im
C. Bi hc: Sch -x-t dy mt vi nguyn tc nh: 1. Mc ch ca Sa-tan l dng cc dn tc khc hy dit dn Do Thi. 2. Mc ch ca c Cha Tri l dng cc dn tc khc bo tn dn Do Thi. 3. c Cha Tri hnh ng trong cc vn ca cc dn tc nhm hon thnh mun ca Ngi bo tn dn ca Ngi. 4. c Cha Tri hnh ng trong cc vn c nhn nhm hon thnh mun ca Ngi bo tn dn ca Ngi.

309-310

Cc phng thc gii ngha

1. Tin tri-x-t ni trc rng dn Do Thi s c bo tn khi bn ngoi t ha trong thi k dn ngoi.

2.

Biu tng-x-t l cu chuyn v loi ngi.

3. Kiu mu-x-t l minh ha thin thng c mc ch v kinh nghim C c trong thi i hi thnh hoc kiu mu ca thi k ngn nm bnh an.

Lp lun

310

-x-t ghi li th no mt m mu hy dit ton b dn Do Thi c y li bi s quan phng ca c Cha Tri lm vic qua ngi n Do Thi knh s Ngi, hong hu -x-t. Sch nu ra nhng mi e da vi dn Do Thi (chs. 14) & s chin thng ca ngi Do Thi trn nhng ngi e da s tn ti ca h (chs. 510).

Chng 9 k nim s bo ton ca dn tc trong ngy l Phu-rim, c t chc hng nm nh li nhc nh v s thnh tn ca c Cha Tri vi dn ca Ngi.

308

Cu tm tt
Mt m mu hy dit dn Giu-a ca Haman quay li ging trn chnh u ng ta bi s quan phng ca c Cha Tri qua Mc--ch v -x-t khch l dn Israel hu lu y v s cam kt khng i ca c Cha Tri vi Giao c p-ra-ham.

Tng hp
m mu hy dit b tht bi

311

14 Lp m mu mi e da

510

m mu tht bi chin thng

Dn

311-312

I. (Chs. 14) m mu ca Ha-man nhm hy dit dn Giu-a c Mc--ch v -x-t khm ph, h l ngi m c Cha Tri t v tr chin lc, cho dn Israel rng ngoi s can thip ca c Cha Tri th h khng cn l mt dn tc na.

II. (Chs. 510) m mu hy dit ca Ha-man quay tr li trt xung u ng ta bi s quan phng ca c Cha Tri qua Mc--ch v -x-t khch l dn Israel hu lu y v s cam kt khng i ca c Cha Tri vi Giao c p-ra-ham.

-x-t

483

479
Tic chiu i

Mc--ch dy ln

Bn quc Ba T
Barry J. Beitzel, Moody Atlas of Bible Lands, 150-51

317

-x-t

483

479
Tic chiu i

Mc--ch dy ln

-x-t hnh ng c cao thng khng?

-x-t

483

479
Tic chiu i

Mc--ch dy ln

-x-t

Cc k nguy cp

483

479
Tic chiu i

Mc--ch dy ln

-x-t

Cc k nguy cp

483

Ha-man dy ln v suy bi

479
Tic chiu i

Mc--ch dy ln

-x-t 5:1-8

-x-t 5:9-14

-x-t 6

y chnh l Ha-man c c kia

-x-t 7:8

-x-t

Mi him nguy

S gii cu v i

483

Ha-man dy ln v suy bi

S bo v ngi Do Thi

479
Tic chiu King n i

Mc--ch dy ln
Tic chiu i

473 L hi

L Phu-rim l mt l nh theo lch ca ngi Do Thi da trn bn k thut ca sch -x-t. Trc l ny l l King n ca -x-t, k nim thi k hi hp v king n trc khi c gii cu. Theo phong tc Talmud, trong ngy l Phu-rim, ngi ta c sch Megillah (Cun sch x-t) trong nh hi, pht ca cu t, tng qu thc n cho nhau, v n tic mng.

Harpers Bible Dictionary

Ngi ta b thm trong vt o, song s nht nh do ni c Gi-h-va.

Chm 16:33 (NIV

Cu chuyn c lm sng li trong nhng v kch hng nm ca ngi Do Thi

L Phu-rim: Nhiu chin thng

Truth forever on the scaffold, Wrong forever on the throne Yet that scaffold sways the future, and, behind the dim unknown,

Standeth God within the shadow, keeping watch above his own.

The Present Crisis [1844], James Russell Lowell

God Moves in a Mysterious Way

1. God moves in a mysterious way His wonders to perform; He plants His footsteps in the sea And rides upon the storm.

William Cowper, 1731-1800

God Moves in a Mysterious Way

2. Deep in unfathomable mines Of never-failing skill He treasures up His bright design And works His sovereign will.

William Cowper, 1731-1800

God Moves in a Mysterious Way

3. Ye fearful saints, fresh courage take; The clouds ye so much dread Are big with mercy and shall break In blessings on your head.

William Cowper, 1731-1800

God Moves in a Mysterious Way

4. Judge not the Lord by feeble sense. But trust Him for His grace; Behind a frowning providence He hides a smiling face.

William Cowper, 1731-1800

God Moves in a Mysterious Way 5. His purposes will ripen fast, Unfolding every hour; The bud may have a bitter taste, But sweet will be the flower.

William Cowper, 1731-1800

God Moves in a Mysterious Way

6. Blind unbelief is sure to err And scan His work in vain; God is His own Interpreter, And He will make it plain.

William Cowper, 1731-1800

-x-t
. . . v t khi con cn th u
bit Kinh Thnh, vn c th khin con khn ngoan c cu bi c tin trong c Cha Gi-xu Christ.
2 Tim 3:15 (NIV)

-x-t
V, mi s chp t xa u dy d chng ta, hu cho bi s nhn nhc v s yn i ca Kinh Thnh dy m chng ta c s trng cy.
R 15:4 (NIV)

1 C 10:11 (NIV)
Nhng s y c ngha hnh bng, v h lu truyn khuyn bo chng ta l k gn cui cng cc i.

-x-t

Mi him nguy

S gii cu v i

483

Ha-man dy ln v suy bi

S bo v ngi Do Thi

479
Tic chiu King n i

Mc--ch dy ln
Tic chiu i

473 L hi

John H. Walton, Chronological and Background Charts of the OT, 2d ed., 70

Nin i ca thi k Ba T
Nin i TNG QUAN KINH THNH
Hi hng ca X-ru-baVic ti thit Gi-ru-sa-

313 TNG QUAN HY LP

Hong Ba T SI-RU CAMBYSES A-RI-T I XC-XE

539-530 bn v Gi-sua (Ezra 1-3)

530-522 lem b ngng li (Ezra 4) 522-486 486-464

Tin tri A-gh & Xa-cha-ri Hy Lp thng Ba T ti (520) Hon thnh n th (516) Marathon (490) (Ezra 5-6)

Cu chuyn -x-t (Esther 1-9)

Hy Lp nh bi Ba T ti Thermopolae (480 & Salamis (479) Herodotus 485-425

T-TA-XC-XE I 464-423

E-x-ra hi hng (458) Thi i hong kim (461(Ex 7-10) 431) N-h-mi hi hng (445) Pericles (460-429) (N 1-2) Tin tri Ma-la-chi (433) Cc vua Athens

John H. Walton, Chronological and Background Charts of the OT, 2d ed., 70

Nin i ca thi k Ba T
Tng quan Kinh Thnh

313

CC VUA BA T Nin i
A-RI-T II t-ta-xt-xe II t-ta-xc-xe III ARSES 423-404 404-359

Tng quan Hy Lp
Chin tranh vi Peloponnesian (431-404) A-thn tht th (404) Cc vua Sparta

THI K

YN
359-338 338-335

Socrates (470-399) Plato (428-348) Aristotle (384-322) Philip II of Macedon thng Hy Lp ti Chaeronea nm 338 A-lch-sn i qut sch quc Ba-t Thnh lp quc Hy Lp

LNG

A-RI-T III
A-LCH-SN

335-331
336-323

Nin i cn bn lin quan ti sch -x-t

Cu tham kho Nin i 486 483 (Nm t 3 ca Xc-xe) 482-479 Thng 12 479 hoc thng Ging 478 u thng t 474 17 thg t, 474 (13th of Nisan)

314

S kin
Xc-xe bt u tr v

1:3 2:16 3:7

Xc-xe t chc tic 7 ngy cho qu tc v quan li v V-thi b trut ph

Xc-xe lnh o chin dch tai hi chng Hy Lp theo nh s hc Hy Lp Herodotus ghi li (7.8) -x-t tr thnh hong hu sau bn nm chn lc
Trong nm th 5 ca -x-t, Ha-man & cc thut s (5:10, 14; 6:12-13) bc thm chn ngy tiu dit ngi Giu-a vo 11 thng sau (7 th ba 473)

3:12

Chiu ch th 1 ca Xc-xe ( tiu dit ngi Giu-a) thng bo v ngy nh mnh, cc th k hong gia vit chiu ch ny bng cc ngn ng ca quc

Nin i cn bn lin quan ti sch -x-t

Cu tham kho Nin i
25 th 6, 474 (ngy 23 th Sivan)

314

S kin
Chiu ch th 2 ca Xc-xe (bo v ngi Giu-a) c gi i 2 thng & 10 ngy sua chiu ch th 1 vo 17 thng t

8:9 3:13 8:12 9:1, 17a

7 th 3, Thay v b tiu dit trong ngy ny, dn Giu-a 473 bo v chnh mnh bng cch git t nht 75,810 k (ngy 13 th th trong 8 thng & 20 ngy sau khi chiu ch Adar) ngc li c ban hnh 8 th 3, 473 trn khp quc ngoi tr thnh Su-s ni k th (ngy 14 th ca h b tiu dit thm mt ngy na (ngy nay ngi Giu-a khp mi ni ngoi tr Jerusalem k Adar)
nim l Phu-rim vo ngy 14 thng Adar) Ngi Giu-a lm l mng chin thng ca mnh

9:17b-18a

9:18b

9 th 3, 473 Ngi Giu-a n mng chin thng ti thnh Su(ngy 15 th s (ngy nay ngi Do Thi ti Jerusalem gia l Adar) Phu-rim trong ngy ny, 15 thng Adar) 464 Cung in ti Su-sa b thiu t & thi tr v ca Xc-xe chm dt

-x-t Tic tng lin min

Cc ba tic trong sch -x-t

Cu tng ng

315

Ch tic Khch mi
Xc-xe Xc-xe V-thi
Qu tc & quan chc

S kin
S xa hoa ca hong cung c ph trng trong 180 ngy
Ru chy di do cho mi ngi trong 7 ngy

1 2 3

1:3-4 1:5-8 1:9

Ton dn

Qu b trong hong cung

Qu tc & quan chc

V-thi b trut ph v t chi tham d tic ca vua Xc-xe

-x-t c gii thiu l hong hu mi Chiu ch ca vua hy dit ngi Giu-a

2:18

Xc-xe

3:15

Xc-xe

Ha-man

Cc ba tic trong sch -x-t

Cu tng ng

315

Ch tic Khch mi
-x-t Xc-xe & Ha-man

S kin
Xc-xe ch i li thnh cu ca -x-t -x-t vch trn rng Haman mun ly mng sng b Vui mng v chiu ch ca vua cho ngi Giu-a & nhiu ngi ngoi bang gia nhp dn Giu-a Vui mng v 75,810 (hoc hn) k th ngi Giu-a b tiu dit Chiu ch ca Mc--ch thit lp l Phu-rim nh mt s kin thng nin

6 7 8

5:1-8 7:1-10 8:17

-x-t
Ngi Giua

Xc-xe & Ha-man

Ngi Giua

9:17

Ngi Giua
Ngi Giua

Ngi Giua
Ngi Giua

10

9:18-32

Map of Esthers Canonical Status

Carey A. Moore, Esther, Anchor Bible, xxvi-xxvii

316

ng dng

308

M ca -x-t ti Iran ngy nay