FEED WATER HEATERS

Prepared by Arjun Thakur, Referred from Wikipedia & P.K Nag

FEED WATER

HEATERS

Feed Water heaters is a heat exchanger , which is used to pre heat water before entering to Steam Generator.

PURPOSE OF FEED WATER HEATER

It allows feed water to be heated gradually to saturation temperature . It allows less sensible heat addition in steam cycle by increasing the initial temperature of water , hence efficiency gains. It provide efficiency gains by reducing the heat rejected in condenser. It minimize thermal stress/effect in boiler.

FEED WATER

HEATER

In shell or tube type heaters water flows through tubes while condensation of extracted steam occurs at shell side. The condensed steam drains to de aerator normally, in case of high level of heater system has been provided in our plant to drain it in H.P Flash tank. On the L.P heater side condensed steam is pumped to de aerator through DTP and in case of high level of heater emergency system drain it to condenser.

CLASSIFICATION OF HEATERS
High Pressure Heater Low Pressure Heater

HIGH PRESSURE HEATER

Pump is not ideal

pump

Wideal

Wactual

Wactual

v f P2 P 1

pump

Turbine is not ideal

turbine Wactual W
ideal

note that thisis an inverse of the pump equation

There will be a pressure drop across the boiler and condenser Subcool the liquid in the condenser to prevent cavitation in the pump. For example, if you subcool it 5C, that means that the temperauture entering the pump is 5C below the saturation temperature.

CAVITATION PHOTOS

Munson, Young, Okiishi, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 3rd ed., John Wiley and Sons, 1998.

EXAMPLE 2

Repeat the last problem but with an isentropic pump efficiency of 75% and turbine efficiency of 85%.

T-S DIAGRAMS

Draw a T-s diagram for an ideal Rankine Cycle. Now show how that diagram will change if you keep the pressures the same but increase the superheating. What happens to
Pump work input? Turbine work output? Heat rejected? Moisture content at turbine exit?

T-S DIAGRAMS

Draw a T-s diagram for an ideal Rankine Cycle. Now show how that diagram will change if you bix the turbine inlet temperature and condenser pressure but increase the boiler pressure. What happens to

Pump work input? Heat rejected? Moisture content at exit of turbine?

TO INCREASE SYSTEM EFFICIENCY

Lower condenser pressure

Must have at least 10C DT between condenser and cooling water or air temperature for effective heat transfer Watch quality at exit to prevent turbine problems (shouldnt go less than about 88%)
Tmax ~ 620 due to metallurgical considerations

Superheat the steam more

Increase boiler pressure (with same Tmax)

Pmax ~ 30 MPa Watch quality at exit

REHEAT CYCLE

Allows us to increase boiler pressure without problems of low quality at turbine exit

REGENERATION

Preheats steam entering boiler using a feedwater heater, improving efficiency

Also deaerates the fluid and reduces large volume flow rates at turbine exit.

A MORE COMPLICATED CYCLE

COMBINED CYCLE

TURBINE LUBE OIL SYSTEM

BY- SANJAY KHAJURIYA