In a classroom there is a whiteboard and a line of four holes for keeping the marker pens for use on the

board. How many different arrangements are there for the pens?

Hole 1 4 choices 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24

Hole 2 3 choices

Hole 3 2 choices

Hole 4 1 choices

different arrangements for the pens

4! = 24
No. arrangements = n! = n(n 1)(n 2)1

3 Coin example:

3 coins are chosen from a bag

C1, C2 and C3

C1

C2

C3

How many different ways are there of choosing them?

C1 and C2 have the same value!!!

How many different ways can you arrange:

5 bricks in a line, each of a different colour.

120 ways

How many arrangements are there of:

5 bricks in a line, where 3 of them are red and 2 are blue

10 ways

Classwork
Ex

1A p10

Binomial Expansion Revision

Consider the expansion of

p q 3

p q 3 p q p q p q
p 3 3 p 2 q 3 pq 2 q 3

Why does the expansion have the symmetry in its coefficients?

 p q

p q p q p q

If we take one term from each of the brackets and multiply them together, the possible arrangements are:

ppp = p3 ppq = p2q

pqq = pq2
pqp = p2q qqq = q3 qqp = pq2 qpp = p2q qpq = pq2

p 3 p q 3 pq q
3 2 2

 p q
3

p q p q p q
2 2 3

We can use factorial notation to find the coefficients of each term:

p 3 p q 3 pq q
p3q0 p2q1 p1q2

p0q3

3! 1 3!0!

3! 3 2!1!

3! 3 1!2!

3! 1 0!3!

In general, a term for this expansion can be written as

3! p r q ( 3 r ) r!3 r !

The general term for the binomial expansion

p q

n! r ( nr ) pq r!n r !

for r = 0, 1, , n

Example 1.

Find the binomial expansion of (p + q)5

Term Coefficient
5! 1 5!0! 5! 5 4!1! 5! 10 3!2! 5! 10 2!3! 5! 5 1!4! 5! 1 0!5!

p5
p4 q p3q 2 p2q 3 pq4 q5

p q

p 5 5 p 4 q 10 p 3 q 2 10 p 2 q 3 5 pq 4 q 5

Example 1.

Find the term in the expansion of (p + q)12 with p7.

The required term will be of the form Kp7q5

12! K= 792 7!5!

So the term = 792p7q5

Class work Exercise 1B p12 Questions: 1 10

Home work Complete any 6 questions from Ex1B