SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject : Mathematics Grade : 10 Quarter : 3 Week : 3

MELC : illustrate the combination of objects Competency Code : M10SP-IIIc-1

Name ____________________________________Section ________ Date ________

School _________________________________ District __________________________

1. Readings/Discussions :

In the previous lesson you have studied the Fundamental Counting Principle and
Permutation. This knowledge and skill will help you understand combinations, which will
further help you in forming conclusions and in making decisions.

Recall :
Permutation- refers to the different possible arrangements of a set of objects. The number
of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is:
𝒏!
𝑷(𝒏, 𝒓) = (𝒏−𝒓)! , 𝒏≥𝒓

n-Factorial – the product of the positive integer n and all the positive integers less than n.
n! = n(n-1)(n-2)…(3)(2)(1).
Combinations
A combination is a way of selecting r objects out of n objects where arrangement is
not important. Suppose you have a red ball, a yellow ball , and a blue ball. Unlike in
permutation, arrangement is not important in combination such that red, yellow is the same
as yellow , red. Therefore , the different combinations are shown below.
red , blue blue , yellow yellow , red
The set of the different combinations formed from n objects take r at a time is a
subset of the set of permutations.
The combination of n objects taken r at a time is denoted by C (n , r) or n C r or
𝐶𝑟𝑛 Note that the permutation of n objects taken r at a time can be regarded as consisting of
two operations : taking the combination of n objects taken r at a time and counting the
number of ways r objects can be arranged in one combination. Thus,
P(n,r) = C (n,r) ∙ r!
Solving for C(n,r) gives you
𝑛!
𝑃(𝑛,𝑟) (𝑛−𝑟)!
C (n,r) = =
𝑟! 𝑟!
𝑛!
C (n,r) =
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!

Hence, the number of combinations of the 3 given balls taken 2 at a time is given by
𝑛! 3!
C (n,r) = = = 3.
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)! 2!(3−2)!

1
Example 1 :
For each experiment , tell whether arrangement is important or not.
a. Choosing 3 members from 20 students who will represent the class in Math, Science,
and English contests, respectively
b. Choosing 3 teachers from 6 teachers in mathematics who will teach the 3 sections in
grade 10
c. Selecting 4 pizza toppings from 9 toppings suggested in the menu
d. Selecting 10 questions to answer out of 15 questions in a test
Solution :
a. To represent the class in Math, Science, and English contests, 3 students out of 20
will be chosen. After the 3 students are chosen, they will be assigned to the contests
they will join. Thus, arrangement is important.
b. After the 3 mathematics teachers are chosen, they will be assigned to the 3 sections
in grade 10. Thus, arrangement is important.
c. The order of the pizza toppings is not important as all the toppings will be placed on
the pizza crust. Thus, arrangement is not important.
d. The order of 10 questions to answer out of 15 questions is not important.
Here are some examples of Combinations:
* Selecting 4 from the 8 available fruits in making fruit salad
* Choosing 15 out of 45 students to join the school’s dance club
* Choosing 2 literature books to buy from a variety of choices
Example 2 : In how many ways can a committee consisting of 4 members be formed
from 8 people?
Solution 1 : Given: n = 8, r = 4
(Using the formula)
𝑛!
𝐶 (𝑛, 𝑟) = 𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!

8!
= 4!(8−4)!
8∙7∙6∙5∙4∙3∙2∙1
= (4∙3∙2∙1)(4∙3∙2∙1)

=7∙2∙5 (after common factors are cancelled)

= 70 ways
Solution 2 : Permutation of n objects taken r at a
𝑃(𝑛,𝑟) time
𝐶(𝑛, 𝑟) =
𝑟!
8∙7∙6∙5
=
4! Permutation of r objects
8 ∙ 7 ∙ 6 2∙ 5
= 4∙3∙2∙1 There are r = 4 factors
2
 = 7 ∙ 2 ∙ 5 after common factors are cancelled

= 70 ways
Example 3 :
How many combinations can the seven colors of the rainbow be arranged into
groups of three colors each? The order of the elements does not matter.
Solution :
Given: n =7, r=3
Substitute the value of n and r.
𝑛!
𝐶 (𝑛, 𝑟) = 𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!
7!
𝐶(𝑛, 𝑟) =
3!(7−3)!
7!
𝐶(𝑛, 𝑟) =
3!4!

𝐶 = 35
Example 4 :
A man will go on a trip for 5 days, so he will take with him 5 shirts, if he has 9 shirts.
How many combinations of shirts can he take?
Solution:
Given: n = 9 and r = 5
𝑛!
𝐶 (𝑛, 𝑟) = 𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!
9!
= 5!((9−5)!
9∙8∙7∙6∙5∙4∙3∙2∙1
= (5∙4∙3∙2∙1)(4∙3∙2∙1)
9∙8∙7
= after common factors are cancelled
4

=126 ways
Example 5 : Suppose you are given an ordinary deck of playing cards. In how many ways
can 6 cards be selected?
Solution : Selecting 6 cards from a deck of cards is a problem on selecting 6 objects taken
from 52 distinct objects where arrangement is not important. Thus, n = 52 and r = 6, and
𝑛!
𝐶 (𝑛, 𝑟) = 𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)!
52!
C(52,6) =
6!(52−6)!
52 ∙ 51 ∙ 50 ∙ 49 ∙ 48 ∙ 47 ∙ 46!
=
6! 46 !

= 20 358 520
Example 6 : How many polygons can be possibly formed from 6 distinct points on a plane,
no three of which are collinear?

3
Solution : The polygon may have 3 , 4 , 5 , or 6 vertices . Thus , the number N of possible
polygons is :
N = C(6,3) + C(6,4) + C(6,5) + C (6,6)
6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3! 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2! 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1
= + + +
3! 3! 4! 2! 5! 6!
6∙ 5∙4 6∙ 5∙ 4 ∙ 3 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1
= + + +
3 ∙ 2 ∙1 4∙3∙2∙ 1 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2∙ 1 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1

=5∙4+5∙3+6+1
= 20 + 15 + 7
N = 42 possible polygons
Example 7 : If 3 marbles are picked randomly from a jar containing 6 red marbles and 8
green marbles , in how many possible ways can it happen that at least two of the marbles
picked are green.
Solution : From 6 red and 8 green marbles, picking three marbles , at least 2 of which are
green, implies that there are either 2 green marbles and 1 red marble picked , or there are 3
green marbles and no red marble picked. The number of ways N of picking such is given by :
N = C(8,2) ∙ C(6,1) + C(8,3) ∙ C(6,0)
8! 6! 8! 6!
= ∙ + ∙
2!6! 1! 5! 3!5! 0!6!

= (28)(6) + (56)(1)
= 168 + 56
N = 224 ways

II.Exercises :
Exercises 1
Directions: Identify which situations illustrate permutation and which illustrate combination.
Write P if it illustrates permutation or C if it illustrates combination.
_____1. determining the top three winners in a Math Quiz Bee
_____2. forming lines from six given points with no three of which are collinear
_____3. forming triangles from 7 given points with no three of which are collinear
_____4. four people posing for pictures
_____5. choosing household chores to do after classes
Exercises 2
Directions : Solve the following problems completely.
1. From a class with 40 students, 8 students will be chosen to join the science field trip. In
how many ways can the students be chosen?
2. In a gathering, the host makes sure that each guest shakes hands with everyone else.
If there are 30 guests, how many handshakes will be done?
3. A soloist is auditioning for a musical play. If she is required to sing any three of the 8
prepared songs , in how many ways can she make her choice?

4
 4. There are 10 identified points on a number line. How many possible lines can be drawn
using the given points?
5. In a dance contest, each participating group must perform 3 kinds of dance. If there are
5 choices for ballroom dance, 7 choices for foreign dance, and 6 choices for hip – hop
dance, in how many possible ways can a dance group select their piece?
III. Assessment/Application/Outputs
Directions : Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is a selection of objects from a set.
A. combination B. differentiation C. permutation D. distinction
2. Which of the following situations illustrates a combination?
A. arranging books in a shelf
B. drawing names from a box containing 100 names
C. forming different numbers from 5 given digits
D. forming plate numbers of vehicles
3. Calculate C(20,5)
A. 6 840 B. 15 504 C. 116 280 D. 1 860 480
4. If C(n,5) = 252, then n = ____.
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
5. Evaluate : C(25,4)+C(30,3)+C(35,2)
A. 17 900 B. 17 305 C. 16 710 D. 4 655
6. Let a = C(7,4) , b = C(7,5), c = C(7,6), and d = C(7,7). If there are 7 points on the
plane, no three of which are collinear, what represents the total number of polygons
that can be formed with at least 5 sides?
A. a + b B. c + d C. a + b + c D. b + c + d
7. In a 10 item Mathematics problem-solving test, how many ways can you select 5
problems to solve?
A. 252 B. 254 C. 256 D. 258
8. In how many ways can a committee of 5 be formed from 5 juniors and 7 seniors if the
committee must have 3 seniors?
A. 350 B. 355 C. 360 D. 380
9. From 7 Biology books and 6 Chemistry books, in how many ways can one select 2
Biology and 2 Chemistry books to buy if all the said books are equally necessary?
A. 315 B. 320 C. 325 D. 330
10. A box contains 5 red balls, 7 green balls, and 6 yellow balls, In how many ways can 6
balls be chosen if there should be 2 balls of each color?
A. 3 150 B. 3 160 C. 3 170 D. 3 180

5
IV. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity/ies :
Directions: Solve the following problems and show your complete solutions.
1. How many lottery tickets must be purchased to complete all possible combinations of
six numbers, each with a possibility of being from 1 to 49?
2. A certain restaurant allows you to assemble your own vegetable salad. If there are 8

kinds of vegetables available, how many variations of salad can you make

containing at least 5 vegetables?

References:

Rigor B. Ponsones, Shirlee Remoto – Ocampo, Regina Macarangal Tresvalles ,Wilson

Cordova. (2013). Math Ideas and Life Applications. Quezon City: Abiva Publishing
House, Inc.

Melvin M. Callanta, Allan M. Canonigo , Arnaldo I. Chua , Jerry D. Cruz, Mirla S. Esparrago,
Eleno S. Garcia , Aries M. Magnaye, Fernando B. Orines , Rowena S. Perez,
Concepcion S. Ternida. ( 2015 ). Mathematics Learner’s Module.Pasig City :
REX Book Store, Inc.

Melvin M. Callanta, Allan M. Canonigo , Arnaldo I. Chua , Jerry D. Cruz, Mirla S. Esparrago,
Eleno S. Garcia , Aries M. Magnaye, Fernando B. Orines , Rowena S. Perez,
Concepcion S. Ternida. ( 2015 ). Mathematics Teacher’s Guide .Pasig City :
REX Book Store, Inc.

Prepared by:
Edited by:

NELDA M. MUNDO DAPHNE AURELIA S. MUÑOZ

MT 1 MT 1
Tabunan National High School Dalaguete National High School

Reviewed by:

PAMELA A. RODEMIO
EPS, Mathematics
Division of Cebu Province

GUIDE

For the Teacher: Advise the students to read the reading and discussion portion before they
attempt to answer the practice exercises. Going through the parts sequentially will help them
understand easily the topic.

For the Learner: Read through the self – learning home task from the first part to the last
part. Doing so, will help you understand better the topic.

For the Parent/Home Tutor: Assist your child and make sure that he/she reads the self
learning home task from beginning to end to ensure proper understanding of the concepts.