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  • Biology Revision Notes - Photosynthesis and Transpiration

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    Transpiration is the loss of water from plant leaves and helps transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. It occurs through openings called stomata and is influenced by temperature, sunlight, and humidity. Water moves through the xylem tissue via the transpiration stream. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells and requires carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. Essential minerals like nitrates, phosphates, and potassium are absorbed by plant roots and support growth and metabolic processes like photosynthesis and respiration.

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    Biology Photosynthesis

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    Transpiration is the loss of water from plant leaves and helps transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. It occurs through openings called stomata and is influenced by temperature, sunlight, and humidity. Water moves through the xylem tissue via the transpiration stream. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells and requires carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. Essential minerals like nitrates, phosphates, and potassium are absorbed by plant roots and support growth and metabolic processes like photosynthesis and respiration.

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    Biology Revision Notes - Photosynthesis and Transpiration

    Uploaded by

    Husen Ibn Ismail
    Transpiration is the loss of water from plant leaves and helps transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. It occurs through openings called stomata and is influenced by temperature, sunlight, and humidity. Water moves through the xylem tissue via the transpiration stream. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells and requires carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. Essential minerals like nitrates, phosphates, and potassium are absorbed by plant roots and support growth and metabolic processes like photosynthesis and respiration.

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    GCSE Revision Notes

    Biology Revision Notes Photosynthesis And Transpiration


    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Root hair cells have a large surface area to take in water by osmosis, and minerals by active transport. The transpiration stream is the flow of water from the roots to the leaves of a plant. Transpiration is the loss of water from the leaves of a plant. Water goes through xylem tissue, to travel from the roots to the leaves. A plant uses the transpiration stream to: Evaporate the water to keep the plant cool. Keep the plant cells turgid to support the weight of the plant. Provide the necessary water for photosynthesis. Transpiration works fastest in warm, dry, sunny, windy conditions. Water is evaporated through the stomata, as well as taking in carbon dioxide and emitting oxygen. Stomata are found on the underside of leaves, and control the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the guard cells. The structure of a generic leaf:

    6. 7. 8. 9.

    A = Upper cuticle. B = Upper epidermis (no photosynthesis). C = Palisade mesophyll (photosynthesis). D = Spongy mesophyll (photosynthesis). E = Lower epidermis (no photosynthesis). F = Lower cuticle. 10. Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll (a green pigment). 11. Carbon dioxide, light and water are all needed for photosynthesis:
    and chlorophyll 6CO 2 + 6 H 2 O light C 6 H 12 O6 + 6O2

    12. Glucose can be stored as starch, because starch is insoluble, so water cant accumulate through osmosis. 13. Iodine will turn a leaf a purple/black colour if it contains starch. 14. The limiting factors for photosynthesis are: The concentration of carbon dioxide. The temperature. The light intensity. 15. If a plant is short of water, it will wilt as the cells go flaccid. 16. Plants use the following minerals: Nitrates to synthesise DNA and proteins. Phosphates to synthesise DNA and to help photosynthesis and respiration. Potassium to work in enzymes used for photosynthesis and respiration. 17. Plants can suffer from deficiencies of the following minerals: Nitrates causing stunted growth, poor leaf development, and yellow older leaves. Phosphates causing poor root development and purple younger leaves. Potassium causing yellowed leaves with dead spots.

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