Dem SP

n mn hc H thng nhng
Thit k h thng m sn phm

LI NI U
Hin nay chng ta ang thi i hu PC sau giai on pht trin ca my tnh
ln (Mainframe) 1960-1980, v s pht trin ca PC-Internet giai on 1980-2000.
Giai on hu PC-Internet ny c d on t nm 2000 n 2020 l giai on ca
mi trng thng minh m h thng nhng l ct li v ang lm nn ln sng i mi
trong cng ngh thng tin ni ring v lnh vc cng ngh cao 3C, ni chung. Mt
thc t khch quan l th trng ca cc h thng nhng ln gp khong 100 ln th
trng PC, trong khi chng ta mi nhn thy b ni ca cng ngh thng tin l PC
v Internet cn phn chm ca cng ngh thng tin chim 99% s processor trn ton
cu ny nm trong cc h nhng th cn t c bit n.
Cc h nhng l nhng h kt hp phn cng v phn mm mt cch ti u. Cc
h nhng l nhng h chuyn dng, thng hot ng trong ch thi gian thc, b
hn ch v b nh, gi thnh phi r nhng li phi hot ng tin cy v tiu tn t
nng lng. Cc h nhng rt a dng v c nhiu kch c, kh nng tnh ton khc
nhau.
Sau mt thi gian c tm hiu v h thng nhng, chng em c giao n mn
hc. Chng em chn ti: Thit k h thng m sn phm iu khin bng bn
phm. y l mt ti c th ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc mang li hiu qu cao.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti, chng em c gng thc hin cc yu cu t ra.
Tuy nhin, chng em cng gp nhiu kh khn do vn thi gian v kinh nghim
nn n ch dng li l thuyt v m phng. Chng em cng xin chn thnh cm n
s gip tn tnh ca thy Nguyn Phng Huy v cc thy c trong khoa in t
tn tnh gip chng em thc hin ti . Knh mong qu thy c ng gp nhng
kin nhm chng em c th hon thnh tt hn nhng bi n ln sau.
GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy
n mn hc H thng nhng

Mc lc
LI NI U...............................................................................................................1
PHN TCH BI TON..............................................................................................2
1.1. L DO CHN TI................................................................................................................................2
1.2. MC CH, YU CU...............................................................................................................................3
1.3. TNG THIT K.................................................................................................................................4
1.4. CC GII PHP C.............................................................................................................................4
1.4.1. Mch m sn phm dng IC ri.......................................................................................4

1.4.2. Mch m sn phm dng k thut vi x l........................................................................5
1.4.3. Phng php m sn phm dng vi iu khin................................................................6
1.5. MT S SN PHM THC T................................................................................................................6
THIT K NGUYN L H THNG.......................................................................9

2.1. S NGUYN L..................................................................................................................................9
2.2. S QUAN H (CALL GRAPH)..............................................................................................................10
2.3. S C T.........................................................................................................................................11
XY DNG H THNG...........................................................................................12
3.1. XY DNG PHN CNG......................................................................................................................12
3.1.1. Khi iu khin trung tm................................................................................................12

3.1.2. Khi hin th.....................................................................................................................25
3.1.3. Khi cm bin..................................................................................................................27
3.1.4.Khi iu khin ng c....................................................................................................29
3.1.5. Khi ngun.......................................................................................................................30
3.1.6. Khi gii m ....................................................................................................................30
3.2.XY DNG CHNG TRNH H THNG...........................................................................................34
3.2.1. Thut ton iu khin.......................................................................................................34

3.2.2. on m ngun dng m sn phm...........................................................................36
3.2.3. Chng trnh h thng m sn phm..............................................................................36
NH GI V KT LUN.......................................................................................42
TI LIU THAM KHO...........................................................................................44
CHNG I
PHN TCH BI TON
1.1. L DO CHN TI
in in t l mt trong nhng lnh vc rt pht trin v nh gi c tc
pht trin v kinh t cng nh khoa hc k thut ca mt t nc. Vic pht trin, ch
to cc lai Chip, cc lai IC tch hp thng dng, c ng dng nhiu trong thc t c
vai tr to ln trong qu trnh pht trin khoa hc k thut lin quan n k thut in
in t - t ng ha. Vit Nam cng ngh ch to cc lai Chip vi iu khin, cc
cng ngh tch hp IC cha c ch trng pht trin, phn ln cn ng dng v ph
n mn hc H thng nhng
thuc nhiu vo cc cng ngh tin tin ca cc nc pht trin nh: M, Nht Bn
c bit l tp on in t khng l Intel
V vy vic hc tp, tm hiu nghin cu li nhng cng ngh pht trin ca cc
nc bn c ngha c bit quan trng i vi ngi hc v ng vai tr khng nh
trong qu trnh pht trin nn gio dc ca nc nh.
Xut pht t s pht trin ca i sng cng ngh cc dy chuyn sn xut cng
c t ng ha.Mt trong nhng khu n gin trong giy chuyn sn xut t ng
ha l s lng sn phm lm ra c m mt cch t ng.
Tuy nhin ti cc x nghip mt trong nhng khu n gin trong dy truyn sn
xut t ng ha l s lng sn phm lm ra c m mt cch t ng. Tuy nhin
i vi nhng doanh nghip va v nh th vic t ng ha hon ton cha c p
dng trong nhng khu m sn phm, ng bao b m vn cn s dng nhn cng.
T nhng iu c thy vi kh nng hiu bit v vn kin thc ca mnh
chng em mun lm mt iu g gp phn gip ngi lao ng bt phn mt
nhc trong lao ng chn tay m vn cho hiu qu nng sut lao ng tng ln gp
nhiu ln, ng thi m bo c chnh xc cao.Nn nhm chng em chn
ti: Thit k h thng m sn phm iu khin bng bn phm.
1.2. MC CH, YU CU
Trong n ny chng em thc hin mch m sn phm bng phng php m
xung. Nh vy,mi sn phm i qua bng ti phi c mt thit b cm nhn sn
phm, thit b ny gi l cm bin,khi mt sn phm i qua cm bin s nhn v to ra
mt xung in a v khi s l tng dn s m. xc nh c s m cn
phi c b phn hin th-led 7 thanh.
Tuy nhin mi khu vc sn xut hay mi ca sn xut li yu cu vi s m khc
nhau v th phi c s linh hot trong chuyn i s m-bn phm.khi cn thay i s
m ngi s dng ch cn nhp s m ban u vo v mch s t ng m.
Khi s sn phm c m bng vi s m ban u th mch s m li t u.
T y suy ra mc ch, yu cu ca ti:
n mn hc H thng nhng
- S m phi chnh xc,v vic thay i s m ban u phi linh hot

- B phn hin th phi r rng.
- Mch in khng qu phc tp,bo m s an ton d s dng.
1.3. TNG THIT K
tng ca n ny l m sn phm s dng k thut m xung. C 2 bng ti
l bng ti chy sn phm v bng ti chy s thng. Khi mt sn phm i qua bng
truyn s c mt thit b nhn bit sn phm, thit b ny gi l cm bin. Khi mt
sn phm i qua cm bin s nhn v to ra mt xung in a v khi x l tng
dn s m. Ta s dng 1 cm bin. Khi no b m sn phm m n s sn phm
t trc th b m s thng tng ln 1. LED D1 hin th cho bng chuyn sn
phm. LED D2 hin th cho bng chuyn thng. lc u n D1 sng th hin
bng ti sn phm ang hot ng , n D2 tt th hin bng ti thng khng hot
ng.khi thng c xp y th thng c chuyn i n D1 tt v n D2
sng chuyn thng khc vo tip tc xp sn phm
-
S dng 2 sensor m s sn phm xp vo thng v a thng vo ng v
tr xp sn phm
-
Sn phm trong mt thng ti a c th xp l 9999 v c th thay i c t
0000 9999 sn phm

-
S thng ti a c th xp l : 99 thng
1.4. CC GII PHP C

C rt nhiu phng php thit k mt mch m sn phm. Tuy nhin, ty
theo yu cu ca tng bi ton, ty theo tng thit k ca mi ngi m ta c
nhng gii php ring. Hin nay trn th trng c nhiu mch m sn phm. Mi sn
phm c nhng u v nhc im ring. Sau y l mt s mch in hnh:
1.4.1. Mch m sn phm dng IC ri
Cc u im sau:
o Cho php tng hiu sut lao ng
o m bo chnh xc cao
o Tn s p ng ca mch nhanh, cho php m vi tn s cao
n mn hc H thng nhng
o Khong cch t phn pht v phn thu xa nhau cho php b m nhng sn
phm ln.
o Tn hao cng sut b, mch c th s dng pin hoc c quy
o Kh nng m rng
o Gi thnh h
o Mch n gin d thc hin
Vi vic s dng k thut s kh c th p ng c vic thay i s m.
mun thay i mt yu cu no cn phi thay i phn cng. Do mi ln phi
lp li mch dn n tn km v kinh t m nhiu khi yu cu khng thc hin
c bng phng php ny.
Vi s pht trin mnh m ca ngnh k thut s c bit l cho ra i cc h vi
x l v vi iu khin rt a chc nng do vic dng k thut vi x l, vi iu khin
gii quyt nhng b tc v kinh t hn m phng php dng IC ri kt ni li
khng thc hin c.
1.4.2. Mch m sn phm dng k thut vi x l
Ngoi nhng u im ging nh phng php dng IC ri th mch m sn phm
dng k thut vi x l cn c nhng u im sau:
o
Mch c th thay i s m mt cch linh hot bng vic thay i
phn mm, trong khi phn cng khng cn thay i m mch dng IC khng th
thc hin c m nu c thc hin c th cng cng nhc m ngi cng nhn
cng kh tip cn, d nhm.
o S linh kin s dng trong mch t hn
o Mch n gin n gin hn so vi mch m sn phm dng IC ri v c
phn ci t s m ban u
o Mch c th iu khin c dy chuyn sn xut cng lc bng phn mm
o Mch c th kt ni giao tip c vi my tnh thch hp cho nhng ngi
qun l ti phng k thut nm c tnh hnh sn xut ca my vi tnh.
o Nhng trong thc t ngi ta thng chn phng php ti u nhng kinh t
do chng em chn phng php m sn phm dng k thut vi iu khin
n mn hc H thng nhng
1.4.3. Phng php m sn phm dng vi iu khin

Ngoi nhng u im c c ca hai phng php trn, phng php ny cn c
nhng u im sau:
o Trong mch c th s dng ngay b nh trong i vi nhng chng trnh c
quy m nh, rt tin li m vi x l khng thc hin c.
o N c th giao tip ni trc tip vi my tnh m vi x l cng giao tip c
vi my tnh nhng l giao tip song song nn cn c linh kin chuyn i d liu t
song song sang ni tip giao tip vi my tnh.
H thng b m sn phm gm hai phn chnh l: b phn cm bin v b phn m.
1.5. MT S SN PHM THC T
Trong thc t hin nay rt nhiu nh my, x nghip hin nay s dng mch m
sn phm vo trong nh my. N mang li hiu qu cao trong qu trnh sn xut, m
bo tnh chnh xc v d s dng. Di y l mt s m hnh ca dy chuyn m
sn phm m chng em bit v su tm c.
n mn hc H thng nhng
n mn hc H thng nhng
Hnh 1.1: Mt s dy truyn m sn phm trong thc t
n mn hc H thng nhng
CHNG II
THIT K NGUYN L H THNG
2.1. S NGUYN L
Khi iu khin
ng c
Khi cm
bin
C cu chp
hnh
Khi iu khin
trung tm
Khi gii m
Khi bn
phm
Khi hin th
Ngun
Hnh 2.4 S nguyn l

Chc nng cc khi:
Khi iu khin trung tm: iu khin mi s hot ng ca h thng, thc
hin chng trnh, x l cc iu khin vo/ra v truyn thng vi cc thit b bn
ngoi nh: iu khin m ngun, iu khin duy tr ngun iu khin cp ngun cho
khi hng ngoi, khi hin th v khi u ra.s dng vi iu khin 18F452 c cha b
nh bn trong v c thm 2 b nh thi ngoi ra c th giao tip trc vi my tnh.
Cm bin: Gm 2 cm bin quang tr c b theo hnh trnh ca sn phm v
thng m s thng v s sn phm c hay khng.
Bn phm : nhp s sn phm v s thng ng thi thc hin
Khi hin th: L cc led 7 thanh hin th s t 0000 9999 hot ng da trn
nguyn tc giao tip song song. hin th s sn phm v s thng.
n mn hc H thng nhng
C cu chp hnh : Gm cc c cu c kh ( 2 bng ti) v 2 ng c DC

truyn ng cho cc c cu c kh ( 2 bng ti). Mt bng ti mang sn phm v mt
bng ti mang thng.
Nguyn l hot ng:
Sau khi sn phm (hoc hp) i qua sensor, sensor s xut tn hiu n khi iu
khin trung tm.
Khi iu khin trung tm x l tn hiu sensor gi n, tnh ton, ri xut tn hiu
iu khin n khi iu khin ng c v khi gii m
Khi iu khin ng c lm nhim v nhn tn hiu iu khin ca khi iu
khin trung tm thc hin vic ng/ngt ngun cp cho c cu chp hnh.
Khi gii m lm nhim v chuyn tn hiu ca khi iu khin trung tm iu
khin led hin th.
2.2. S QUAN H (call graph)
Controller
software
interrupt
LED 7 thanh
Controller
sensor
LED 7 thanh
Keypad
routines
Bn phm
Hnh 2.3:S khi b m sn phm(call graph)

Qu trnh thc hin nh sau:
Sn phm khi i qua sensor nhn tn hiu a ti b m, b m m cho sn
phm i qua ti qu trnh c v lu ti y s sn phm s c c ti gi tr bao
nhiu v lu trng thi s sn phm va i qua. Bn phm c tc dng thay i s
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n mn hc H thng nhng
lng sn phm trong mi thng a ti b c v lu, y l mt trong qu trnh

quan trng bit c s sn phm v sn lng m ngi cng nhn t c trong
mi ca sn xut sau a ti b hin th v a ti led 7 thanh
2.3. S C T
i
Cha
Sn phm i qua
s lng
Hin th s
sn phm
Thay
hp
thay
m hp/ Tip
tc vn hnh
Cha thay
Ngng bng
chuyn sp
Hnh 2.1 S c t
11
Hin
th s
hp
n mn hc H thng nhng
CHNG III
XY DNG H THNG
3.1. XY DNG PHN CNG
3.1.1. Khi iu khin trung tm
3.1.1.1. Chc nng, yu cu
- Khi iu khin trung tm co nhim vu kt ni cac thit bi ngoai vi va iu khin
cac thit bi ngoai vi: iu khin quay ng c, kt ni khi hin thi, khi cam bin...
-Yu cu cua khi iu khin trung tm la phai lp trinh iu khin cac thit bi
ngoai vi, hot ng n nh khng chiu anh hng nhiu cua nhit , anh sang, bui
bn va nhiu yu t khac.
- Tiu tn it nng lng va lam vic c trong cac iu kin cua cng nghip va
thng mai.
- Chng trinh co th d dng thay i c phu hp vi yu cu cua ngi s dung.
3.1.1.2. La chn linh kin
3.1.1.2.1 Vi iu khin PIC 18F452
a. Tnh nng
Tp lnh, cu trc c ti u ha theo ngn ng c: m ngun tng thch
vi tp lnh PIC 17 v PIC16
a ch b nh chng trnh tuyn tnh n 32Kbytes
a ch b nh d liu tuyn tnh n 1.5 K bytes
Hot ng ln n 10MIPs
u vo dao ng thch anh ln n 40MHZ
u vo dao ng thch anh vi PLL:4MHz 10MHz
Lnh rng 16 bt, rng bt d liu 8 bt
H tr cc cp u tin ngt
Nhn bng phn cng n chu k 8 x 8
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n mn hc H thng nhng
a1. tnh nng ngoi vi:
Dng pht/ ht cao:25mA/25mA
3 chn ngt ngoi
Timer0 module: 8 bt/ 16bit timer/counter vi b bt t t l lp trnh
Timer1 module: 16 bt timer/counter
Ty chn xung clock th 2 timer1/timer3
Hai b capture/comepare/PWM(CCP)
chn CCP c th c cu hnh thnh:

o
Capture input:capture l 16 bt,max.resolution 6.25 ns(TCY)
Compare 16 bt, max.resolution 100 ns(TCY)
PWM output: PWM resolution la 1 n 10 bt, max.PWM freq.@:
8 bt
Khi truyn thng ni tip ng b c hai ch hot ng:
3 dy SPITM (h tr c 4 ch SPI)
I2CTM c ch Master v slave
Khi USART c th nh a ch:
H tr RS- 485 v Slave
Khi cng song song
a2. Tnh nng tng t:
Khi chuyn i tng t sang s phn gii 10 bt :
Chu k ly mu nhanh.
Chuyn i c trong khi ng
Tuyn tnh nh hn v bng 1 LSB
Pht hin in p thp lp trnh c:

H tr ngt in khi pht hin in p thp
13
n mn hc H thng nhng
Pht hin reset do st ngun lp trnh c(BOR)
14
n mn hc H thng nhng
b. s v ngha cc chn
Hnh 3.1: s cc chn ca PICF452
15
n mn hc H thng nhng
16
n mn hc H thng nhng
17
n mn hc H thng nhng
18
n mn hc H thng nhng
Trong :
TTL = TTL tng thch vi u vo
ST = schmitt trigger u vo vi mc CMOS
0 = ra, I = vo, P = power
OD = Open Drain(khng c diode P ni vi vdd)
CMOS = CMOS compataible input or output
c. cu trc b nh ca 18F452
19
n mn hc H thng nhng
Hnh
3.2: s
b
nh ca
F18452
20
n mn hc H thng nhng
d. Vo ra s
Hnh 3.3: s gp ni vo ra s
xut nhp/khu cng vo ca PIC, ta phi thng qua 3 thanh nghi :
Trisx: trisA, trisB,trisC ... xc nh hng vo/ ra.nu bt no ca trisx = 1
th bt tng ng ca cng x s l cng vo, v ngc li.
PORTx: PORTA,PORTB,PORTC,... nhp (c th xut) gi tr ra cng
LATx: LATA,LATB,... xut gi tr ra cng.
in tr treo ca cng RB, c th c s dng thng qua lp trnh cho thanh nghi
INTCON2
Cng RB cn c tnh nng to ngt on- change nn rt thun li cho vic ghp ni
vi bn phm.
21
n mn hc H thng nhng
e.timer:
e1. timer0: c cc tnh nng:
c th la chn bng phn mm b timer hot ng dng 8 bt hoc 16 bt
timer/ counter
c th c hoc nghi
c th la chn tn s bng cch t tham s prescale
ngun xung clock c th la chn ni hay ngoi
ngt trn t FFh xung 00h ch 8 bt v FFFFh xung 0000h trong ch
16 bt
c th chn cho ngun dao ng ngoi
Hnh3.4: S khi timer0 ch 8 bit
Hnh 3.516: S khi timer1
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n mn hc H thng nhng
e2. timer2: c tnh nng:

timer 8 bt
c th c/nghi
tn s vo ra c th lp trnh c vi t l 1:1, 1:4, 1:6
tn s ra c th lp trnh c vi cc t l 1:1, n 1:6
ngt khi TMR2= PR2
Khi c xung vo timer2 tng t 00h n khi khp vi PR2 v trn v 00h ti chu k
tng tip theo. PR2 l thanh nghi c th c/nghi.thanh nghi PR2 khi reset c gi tr l
FFh
Hnh 3.6: s khi timer2

e3. time3:
c cc tnh nng:
timer 16 bt
c th c/ nghi
ngt khi trn t FFFDh v 0000h
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n mn hc H thng nhng
Hnh 3.7: s khi timer3

3.1.1.2.2. Khi to dao ng
Hnh3.8: b to dao ng thch anh

B dao ng lam nhim vu ng b hoa hoat ng cua tt ca cac mach bn trong
vi iu khin. No thng c tao bi thach anh hoc gm n inh tn s. Cac lnh
khng c thc thi theo tc cua b dao ng ma thng chm hn, bi vi mi cu
lnh c thc hin qua nhiu bc. Mi loai vi iu khin cn co s chu ki khac nhau
thc hin lnh. u vo ca b dao ng thch anh c ni vi chn osc1 ca vi
iu khin, u ra c ni vi chn osc2.
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n mn hc H thng nhng
3.1.1.2. Khi Reset

Lm nhim v reset hot ng ca ton b h thng
Hnh 3.9 S khi reset

3.1.1.3. Nguyn l hot ng
Da trn nguyn tc pht v thu sng hng ngoi t led pht v led thu to ra tn
hiu vi mc 0 v mc 1 v c a n vi iu khin x l. Cc chn OSC1
v OSC2 c ni vi mch to dao ng. Chn RB4 c ni vi khi cm bin.Cc
chn RCO, RC1, RC2, RC3 v chn RDO, RD1, RD2, RD3, RD4, RD5, RD6 c ni
vi b gii m , chn REO , RE1 c ni vi khi u ra iu khin. Khi thu pht
hng ngoi s lun c tia hng ngoi, khi sn phm i qua u thu hng ngoi khng
nhn c tn hiu v lm cho dng i t dng ngun qua LDR ri qua NOT, a tn
hiu chn RB4 t 1 tr v 0 vo PIC 18F452. Chng trnh con m s sn phm s
tng gi tr mi ln c sn phm i qua v c hin th trn 4 led 7 thanh.
3.1.2. Khi hin th
Hnh 3.10: S khi hin th

- Dung hin thi s san phm theo yu cu cua ngi thit k.
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n mn hc H thng nhng
- Lam vic c trong nhiu mi trng khac nhau, trong mi trng co bui bn,
nhng tranh lam vic trong mi trng co m cao.
- Tiu tn it nng lng v m bo khng b chy khi lm vic vi thi gian di
Trong cc thit b, bo trng thi hot ng ca thit b cho ngi s dng vi
thng s ch l cc dy s n thun, thng ngi ta s dng led 7 thanh dng
hin th s lng sn phm c kim tra sau mt cng n no . LED 7 n c
cu to bao gm 7 led n c dng nh sau:
Hnh 3.11: cu to led 7 thanh

Led cathode chung
Hnh 3.12: cch ni led 7 thanh (cathode chung)
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n mn hc H thng nhng
3.1.2.3. Nguyn l lm vic

Bng m vn tt hin th 4 led 7 thanh:
a
dp
0.
0
0
0
3.1.3. Khi cm bin

- Dung nhn tin hiu u vao la s san phm va gi tin hiu n u ra iu
khin cac thit bi phia sau.
- It chiu anh hng cua ngoai canh tac ng: anh sang, nhit mi trng ni
lam vic, m cao...
- Lam vic c vi cac san phm co nhiu kich c khac nhau.
3.1.3.2. Nguyn l lm vic
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n mn hc H thng nhng

Led hng ngoi:
Led hng ngoi c cu to t GaAs vi vng cm c rng l 1.43eV tng
ng bc x 900nm. Ngoi ra khi pha tp Si vi nguyn vt liu GaALAs, rng
vng cm c th thay i. Vi cch ny, ngi ta c th to ra di sng gia 800
900nm v do to ra s iu hng sao cho led hng ngoi pht ra bc sng thch
hp nht cho im cc i ca nhy cc b thu.
Hnh 3.13: c tuyn vol-ampe ca led hng ngoi

Khi mi ni p-n c phn cc thun th dng in qua ni ln v s dn in l
do ht ti a s, cn khi mi ni c phn cc nghch th ch c dng r do s di
chuyn ca cc ht ti thiu s. Nhng khi chiu vo mi ni, dng in nghch tng
ln gn nh t l vi quang thng trong lc dng thun khng tng.
Linh kin cm bin nh sng
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n mn hc H thng nhng
Hnh 3.14:cm bin nh sng

Sensor LDR l mt loi cm bin in tr nhy sng, rt hu ch trong mch cm
bin sng / ti. Bnh thng tr khng ca LDR l rt cao, nhng khi chng c
chiu sng vi nh sng th tr khng gim ng k.
Hnh 3.15:S khi cm bin

3.1.4.Khi iu khin ng c
Hnh 3.16: S khi u ra

Khi u ra la khi lam nhim vu nhn tin hiu iu khin t PIC iu khin
ng c quay bng tai.
29
n mn hc H thng nhng
ng c phai quay chinh xac ngay sau khi khi trung tm gi tin hiu n.
Phi ng ct c mch in c cng sut ln m khng gy ra s c
3.1.5. Khi ngun
Khi ngun l khi cn thit cho s n nh ca in p,m bo in p ng
thit k cung cp cho ton b mch. Khi ngun c thit k theo s nh sau:
Hnh3.17: S khi ngun

Ngun y l ngun in p thp, u vo sau b bin p c gi tr t 6 12v,
qua nn dng bi dicode mc hnh cu. Nu cn thay ngun c mc in khc ta c
th dung LM7805 hoc c th dng ngun my tnh.
3.1.6. Khi gii m
Lm nhim v gii m t m BCD sang m hex ca led 7 thanh
30
n mn hc H thng nhng

3.6.1. IC 74LS138
a. Chc nng:
y l b gii m 3 bit thnh 8 ng loi vi mch hay mch c 3 ng vo v 8
ng ra, cn c gi l mch gii m nh phn sang octal (binary to octal decoder) ,
vi ng ra tch cc mc 1, 74LS138 co cng dung dich bit logic 0 t trn xung va
t di ln theo ma BCD. No hay c dung h tr quet. c bng s tht sau v s
nguyn l:
IU KHIN
LI VO
LI RA
G2A G2B A
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
31
n mn hc H thng nhng
b.Chc nng cc chn IC74LS138 v nguyn l hot ng:

74138 l B gii m/ B phn a knh-8 c to dng vi qu trnh it hng
ro sc mnh Schottky thp. B gii m chp nhn ba u vo c trng s nh phn
( A0, A1, A2) V khi cho php Cung cp tm u ra Thp tch cc loi tr ln nhau
(Y0_ Y7). Nhng c tnh 74138 cho php nhp vo, hai u tch cc thp ( E1, E2)
v mt u (E3) tch cc cao. Tt c cc u ra s cao tr phi E1 v E2 thp v E3 cao.
32
n mn hc H thng nhng
G1: l chn iu khin uc dng lm ng vo ca d liu (lun mc 1). G2A,

G2B: l hai tn hiu iu khin c chc nng cho php d liu thng hay khng thng
( cho php thng khi G2A, G2B ng thi mc tch cc thp tc l mc 0)Cc ch s
t 0, 1, 2, 3 , 7 ca cc knh ra tng ng vi t hp cc bt nh phn li vo iu
khin chn knh A, B, C.
3.1.6.2. IC74LS48
U2
7
1
2
6
4
5
3
74LS48
A
B
C
D
BI/RBO
RBI
LT
QA
QB
QC
QD
QE
QF
QG
13
12
11
10
9
15
14
Cc u vo t A0 A3 tng ng vi cc s BCD c chn .led s hin th cc

s ny theo bng sau :
33
n mn hc H thng nhng
3.2.XY DNG CHNG TRNH H THNG

3.2.1. Thut ton iu khin
Bt u
C sp i
qua(RB4=0)
S
Tng bin m
(dem=dem+1;)
Kt thc
Hnh 3.18: S thut ton iu khin chng trnh con m sn phm
34
n mn hc H thng nhng
Bt u
Sn phm i qua
C tn hiu
c sn phm
sn phm
Lu tr d liu
Hin th
Hnh 3.19: S thut ton iu khin h thng
35
n mn hc H thng nhng
3.2.2. on m ngun dng m sn phm

ss=~input(pin_B4);
if(ss!=old_ss)
{
if(ss!=1)dem+=1;
old_ss=ss;
}
3.2.3. Chng trnh h thng m sn phm
#include <18F452.h >
#use delay (clock = 20000000 )
unsigned int16 dem=0,ss,old_ss,a,b,c,d;
unsigned int16 TD,old_TD,tang,old_tang,giam,old_giam,hop,DC,old_DC;
signed int16 i,m=0,n=0,p=1,q=0,t=0,z,x=1,y=0,w=0;// mac dinh dem den 9999sp
#int_EXT //=============== khai bao ngat ngoai========
void main()
{
//============== cau hinh cac cong vao ra va ngat===========
ext_int_edge(H_TO_L); //=== ngat khi dien ap chuyen tu cao suong thap===
port_b_pullups(1);//======= Dung tro treo cho congB=====
set_tris_B( 0xFF ) ;
set_tris_C( 0xff ) ;
set_tris_D( 0xff ) ;
36
n mn hc H thng nhng
//=========================================================
output_B(0xFF);
output_C(0);
output_D(0xFF);
output_high(pin_E0);
output_low(pin_E1);
while (true)
{
//=========>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> chuong trinh chinh <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<==
//==================dem san pham====================

ss=~input(pin_B4);
if(ss!=old_ss )
{
if(ss!=1)dem+=1;
old_ss=ss;
}
a=dem/1000;
b=(dem%1000)/100;
c=((dem%1000)%100)/10;
d=dem%10;
//=============tang gia tri dem dat truoc======
TD=~input(pin_B2);
if(TD!=old_TD )
{
z=0;
if(TD!=0)t+=1;
old_TD=TD;
37
n mn hc H thng nhng
}
if(t==1)
{
tang=~input(pin_B0);
if(tang!=old_tang )
{
if(tang!=0)m+=1;
old_tang=tang;
}
giam=~input(pin_B1);
if(giam!=old_giam)
{
if(giam!=0)m-=1;
old_giam=giam;
}
if(m>=10)m=0; if(m<0) m=9;
}
if(t==2)
{
if(tang!=old_tang )
{
if(tang!=0)n+=1;
old_tang=tang;
}
if(giam!=old_giam)
{
38
n mn hc H thng nhng
if(giam!=0)n-=1;
old_giam=giam;
}
if(n>=10)n=0; if(n<0) n=9;
}
if(t==3)
{
if(tang!=old_tang )
{
if(tang!=0)p+=1;
old_tang=tang;
}
if(giam!=old_giam)
{
if(giam!=0)p-=1;
old_giam=giam;
}
if(p>=10)p=0; if(p<0) p=9;
}
if(t==4)
{
if(tang!=old_tang )
{
if(tang!=0)q+=1;
old_tang=tang;
39
n mn hc H thng nhng
}
if(giam!=old_giam)
{
if(giam!=0)q-=1;
old_giam=giam;
}
if(q>=10)q=0; if(q<0) q=9;
}
if(t>4)t=0;
i=m*1000+n*100+p*10+q;
if(dem>i)dem=0;
//=============XEP
SAN
PHAM
HOP==============================
if(dem!=0&&dem%i==0&&w==0&&i!=0)
{
hop++;
output_low(pin_E0);
w=1;
}
x=hop/10;
y=hop%10;
if(dem%i!=0)
{
w=0;
}
40
VAP
TRONG
MOT
n mn hc H thng nhng
DC=~input(pin_B7);
if(DC!=old_DC )
{
if(DC!=0)
{
output_low(pin_E1);
}
old_DC=DC;
}
//==============>>>>>>>>>>>>HIEM
THI<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<=========================
output_low(PIN_D6);
output_high(PIN_D0);output_low(PIN_D1);output_high(PIN_D2);output_c(d);del
ay_us(20);
output_low(PIN_D0);output_low(PIN_D1);output_high(PIN_D2);output_c(c);del
ay_us(20);
output_high(PIN_D0);output_high(PIN_D1);output_low(PIN_D2);output_c(b);del
ay_us(20);
output_low(PIN_D0);output_high(PIN_D1);output_low(PIN_D2);output_c(a);del
ay_us(20);
output_high(PIN_D6);
output_low(PIN_D3);output_low(PIN_D4);output_low(PIN_D5);output_c(p);dela
y_us(20);
output_high(PIN_D3);output_low(PIN_D4);output_low(PIN_D5);output_c(q);del
ay_us(20);
output_low(PIN_D6);
output_high(PIN_D0);output_high(PIN_D1);output_high(PIN_D2);output_c(n);de
lay_us(20);
41
n mn hc H thng nhng
output_low(PIN_D0);output_high(PIN_D1);output_high(PIN_D2);output_c(m);de
lay_us(20);
output_low(PIN_D0);output_low(PIN_D1);output_low(PIN_D2);output_c(x);dela
y_us(20);
output_high(PIN_D0);output_low(PIN_D1);output_low(PIN_D2);output_c(y);del
ay_us(20);
}
}
NH GI V KT LUN
Sau 1 thi gian tm hiu v lm n th ti thit k h thng b m sn

phm c hon thnh ng thi gian quy nh. n thc hin c ng yu
42
n mn hc H thng nhng
cu ca bi ra : Xy dng c chng trnh, m v hin th s lng sn phm

t trc theo yu cu mt cch chnh xc.
Tuy nhin, y ch l m hnh v nguyn l m sn phm. Mch trn ch m
c s sn phm t 0000 9999 m khng m c s lng sn phm ln hn.
m c s sn phm ln hn th cn phi c b hin th khc.
b iu khin vn cha p ng c nh tng thit k, n nh cha cao,
b cm bin c thay th bng mt cng tc ng m.
Hng pht trin tip ca ti l m c s lng sn phm hng trm n
hng nghn, t ng lu v ngt khi qu trnh m sn phm kt thc.
43
n mn hc H thng nhng
TI LIU THAM KHO

I.
BI GING H THNG NHNG B mn k thut my tnh khoa
in t - trng i hc k thut cng nghip thi nguyn

II.
BI GING VI X L- VI IU KHIN - B mn k thut my tnh
khoa in t - trng i hc k thut cng nghip thi nguyn

III.
S CHN LINH KIN IN T - Dng Minh tr
IV.
MT S TI LIU TRN INTERNET
44

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Dem SP

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n mn hc H thng nhng

Thit k h thng m sn phm

GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy

Thit k h thng m sn phm

1.4.1. Mch m sn phm dng IC ri.......................................................................................4

THIT K NGUYN L H THNG.......................................................................9

3.1.1. Khi iu khin trung tm................................................................................................12

3.2.1. Thut ton iu khin.......................................................................................................34

GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy

Thit k h thng m sn phm

GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy

Thit k h thng m sn phm

- S m phi chnh xc,v vic thay i s m ban u phi linh hot

S dng 2 sensor m s sn phm xp vo thng v a thng vo ng v

Sn phm trong mt thng ti a c th xp l 9999 v c th thay i c t

0000 9999 sn phm

1.4. CC GII PHP C

GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy

Thit k h thng m sn phm

Mch c th thay i s m mt cch linh hot bng vic thay i

GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy

Thit k h thng m sn phm

1.4.3. Phng php m sn phm dng vi iu khin

GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy

GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy

Thit k h thng m sn phm

Thit k h thng m sn phm

Hnh 1.1: Mt s dy truyn m sn phm trong thc t

GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy

Thit k h thng m sn phm

Hnh 2.4 S nguyn l

GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy

Thit k h thng m sn phm

C cu chp hnh : Gm cc c cu c kh ( 2 bng ti) v 2 ng c DC

Hnh 2.3:S khi b m sn phm(call graph)

GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy

Thit k h thng m sn phm

lng sn phm trong mi thng a ti b c v lu, y l mt trong qu trnh

GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy

Thit k h thng m sn phm

Tp lnh, cu trc c ti u ha theo ngn ng c: m ngun tng thch

vi tp lnh PIC 17 v PIC16

a ch b nh chng trnh tuyn tnh n 32Kbytes

a ch b nh d liu tuyn tnh n 1.5 K bytes

u vo dao ng thch anh ln n 40MHZ

u vo dao ng thch anh vi PLL:4MHz 10MHz

Lnh rng 16 bt, rng bt d liu 8 bt

GVHD : ThS Nguyn Phng Huy

Thit k h thng m sn phm

a1. tnh nng ngoi vi:

Dng pht/ ht cao:25mA/25mA

3 chn ngt ngoi

Timer0 module: 8 bt/ 16bit timer/counter vi b bt t t l lp trnh

Timer1 module: 16 bt timer/counter

Ty chn xung clock th 2 timer1/timer3

chn CCP c th c cu hnh thnh:

Capture input:capture l 16 bt,max.resolution 6.25 ns(TCY)

Compare 16 bt, max.resolution 100 ns(TCY)

PWM output: PWM resolution la 1 n 10 bt, max.PWM freq.@:

Khi truyn thng ni tip ng b c hai ch hot ng:

I2CTM c ch Master v slave

Khi USART c th nh a ch:

H tr RS- 485 v Slave