‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪GIS‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻤﻲ ﭘﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺄﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‪،‬‬
‫‪AR_EBRAHIMIPOOR@YAHOO.COM‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﻳﻮﻥ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﺭﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺄﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺻﻐﺮ ﺁﻝ ﺷﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺄﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻧﺼﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﺳﻲ‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲﻭﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻬﺎﻱ ‪ GIS‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﺧﺎﮎ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﮔﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺗﻼﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻳﻞ ﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﮐﺰ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﮐﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺍﺭﻩﺍﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ‪ GIS‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﺵﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ‪ GIS‬ﻭﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﹲﺎ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ‪ GIS‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﺴﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﺗﻲ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪GIS‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺍﺭﻩﺍﻱ ‪،‬ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ‪GIS،‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﻊ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ]‪ .[١‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺰﺍﻓﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺴﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﺒﺬﻭﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻓـﻮﻕ‬
‫ﻧﺎﮔﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻧـﺎﺕ ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿـﻼﺏ ﮐـﺸﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺠﺶﺍﺯﺩﻭﺭ ﻭ ‪ GIS‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻓﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﮕـﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴـﮏ‪ ٢‬ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨـﺪ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺣﻤﺎﻳـﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗـﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺧـﺪﻣﺖ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ‬

‫‪١ - Geography Information System‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷـﺮﮐﺖﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﻋﻈﻴﻤـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺮﻑ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪[١،٢،٣،٤،٥،٦].‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧـﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﭘﺮﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥﺑـﺮ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺧﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﻤﻪﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘـﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺃﻡ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲﻭﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻳـﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫـﺪﻑ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ]‪ .[٢،٣،٤،٥‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ ﺗﮑﻨﻴـﮏﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺠﺶﺍﺯﺩﻭﺭ‪ GIS ،‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻣـﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﻳـﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈـﺎﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﭘـﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‪ ،‬ﻣـﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺘـﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻳـﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺑﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪ GIS‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤـﮏ ‪ GIS‬ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪ . [٩،١٠،١١،١٢‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﮐـﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ‪ Sandra C.Feldman‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩٥‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ" ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣـﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧـﻂ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺠﺶﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﺁﻧـﺎﻟﻴﺰ ‪"GIS‬ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺨـﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺴﻴﺮﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﻧﻔـﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴـﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻔﺘﺘـﻲ ﺗﻨﮕﻴـﺰ‬
‫)‪ (TENGIZ‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺰﺍﻗﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺭﺳﻴﮏ )‪ (NOVEROSSIYSK‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ‪ ٤٥‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٩‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪١٤‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪[١٠‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻴﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٣٨٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻧﻔـﺖ ﻭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ )‪." (GIS‬ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٢٩‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪[٢].‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ‪ Rodolph‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،١٩٩٤‬ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳـﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪[١٤‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕـﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ" ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ‪ ١٣٨٢‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﺭﻏﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪[٦] .‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟـﻮﺍﺏ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻟﮕـﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪[٦،٧،١٤].‬‬

‫‪٢ - Genetic Algorithm‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬
 ‫‪ -٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١-٢‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺭﺳﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺪﻝﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺟﻬـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣـﺴﻴﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﮐﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﮏ ﺳـﻠﻮﻝ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻤﻲ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﺒﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ GIS‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ]‪[٢،٣،٤،٥‬‬
‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ GIS‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻋﮑـﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﻢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺷـﻴﺐ ﻳﮑـﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ]‪.[٢،٣،٤،٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢-٢‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫‪ -١-٢-٢‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺻﻄﮑﺎﮎ‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪( ١‬ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻳﮏ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﺍﻱ )‪ (Raster‬ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﮑﺎﮎ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫هﺰﻳﻨﻪ آﻢ‬
‫هﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪:١‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫‪ -٢-١-٢-٢‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ٢‬ﻭ‪ (٥‬ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪﻧﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﺯﻥ )ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺻـﻄﮑﺎﮎ( ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﮏ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺻﻄﮑﺎﮎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺳـﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪:٢‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺸﺖ ﻳﻴﻜـﺴﻞ ﻣﺠـﺎﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻳـﺎ ﺍﺻـﻄﮑﺎﮎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻗﻄـﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‪ ١‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﺷﮑﻞ‪٣‬ﻭ‪( ٤‬ﻭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‪٢‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪Start point‬‬

‫‪End point‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ :٣‬ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬

‫‪Start‬‬
‫‪point‬‬

‫‪End point‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪: ٤‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻗﻄﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ‪٢‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪accum – cost٢ = cost 1 + 2 × cost 2‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪:٥‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ‪ COST‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪IDRISI‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪accum _ cos tij = accum _ cos t(i −α )( j − β ) + α 2 + β 2 × cos tij‬‬

‫‪ ، accum – costij‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﺒﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ‪ ij‬ﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ α , β‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪α = ±1 , 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ β = ±1 , 0‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:٦‬ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻫﺸﺘﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪α , β‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ‪ COST‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ IDRISI‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﮐﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺳـﻠﻮﻝ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﮑﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻫـﺪﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﺵﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤـﻪ ﺳـﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ )ﺷﮑﻞ ‪.(٧‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :٧‬ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺭﺳﺘﺮﻱ‬

‫‪٥‬‬
 ‫‪ -٣-١-٢-٢‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺗـﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣـﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭﻱﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (٧‬ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﮔﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌـﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻲﻫﺎ)ﻫﺸﺖ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪Md = min( NN accum_cost)ij‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬

‫‪ = MD‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫‪ = NN accum_cost‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻲ‬

‫‪ -٢-٢‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ‪ GIS‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻡﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ )ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ( ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻫـﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻣـﻮﺯﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻌﻴـﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ ﺣـﺴﺎﺏ ﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻭﺝ‬
‫ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻡﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ )ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻝ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺯﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺭﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﻬﺶ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﺮﻭﻣـﻮﺯﻭﻡﻫـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺍﻋـﻀﺎﺀ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓـﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺯﻭﻡﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﮏ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﻛﺮﻭﻣـﻮﺯﻭﻡﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﮏ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺴﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ‪ GIS‬ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻗﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺳﺪ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :٨‬ﻋﻜﺲ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬

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‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ)ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﺭ(‬

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‫‪5000‬‬

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‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ)ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ :١‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

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 ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﺯ ﻫـﻢ‬‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻋﻤـ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺟـﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ GIS‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺧﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲﻛﻪ ‪ GIS‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮊﺋﻮﺭﻓﺮﻧﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲﺗﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺷـﺒﻴﻪﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﭘـﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻛﺎﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺴـﺴﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﻭ ﮔـﺮﺩ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ‪ GIS‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ )ﺳﺪ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ‪-‬ﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﻢ( ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﺏ ﻭﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺍﺣـﺪﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺣـﺪﺍﺙ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ %٢٥‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻤـﺪﻩ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻲ ﻣـﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑـﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﹰﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ‪ ،GIS‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣـﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ‪ GIS‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺍﻟﮕـﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻳﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ GIS‬ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ‪،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣـﺴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻛﻠـﻲ ﺗﻤـﺎﻡ ﻣـﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
١٣٧٩،‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬،‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﺏ‬،‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ .١
(GIS) ‫"ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ‬،١٣٨١،‫ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ‬، ‫ﻧﻘﻴﺒﻲ‬ .٢
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬، ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ‬،‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﮊﺋﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬، ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬،
‫"ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ –ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺍﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬،١٣٧٨، ‫ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬،‫ﺭﺿﺎﻳﻲ‬ .٣
‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻧﺼﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﺳﻲ‬،‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﮊﺋﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬،‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬،"‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
" GIS ‫" ﺷﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭ‬،١٣٨٠ ،‫ ﺷﻤﺲﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬،‫ﺻﻔﺮﭘﻮﺭ‬ .٤
‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬، GIS ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭ‬، ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬
‫"ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬،١٣٧٩ ،‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬، ‫ﺷﻔﻴﻌﻲ‬ .٥
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬،‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬،‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﮊﺋﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬،‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬،" ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫"ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﺑﺎﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ‬١٣٨٣ ،‫ ﻛﺎﻭﻩ‬،‫ﻓﺎﺭﻏﻲ‬ .٦
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬، ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺮﻕ‬،‫ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ"ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‬
‫ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬،‫"ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ"ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺎﺭﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬١٣٧٨،‫ﻣﺠﻴﺪ‬،‫ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬ .٧
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‬
‫"ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﻬﺶ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ‬١٣٨٣ ، ‫ﺍﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ‬،‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬، ‫ﺍﺣﺴﺎﻥ‬،‫ﺻﺪﻭﻗﻲ ﻳﺰﺩﻱ‬ .٨
‫ ﭘﻨﺠﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬،‫ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ‬

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