‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ‬

8th Iranian Tunnelling Conference

‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬،١٣٨٨ ‫ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﻩ‬٣١ -٢٩

‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬

‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺭﻫﺎﺏ‬

‫ﻣﻬﺪﯼ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﯼ‬
‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻌﺪﻥ‬،‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺗﻮﻧﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻟﺰﻭﻣﺎ" ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻲ‬: ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻩ ﺳﭙﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬،‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬.‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻧﻠﺰﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﭙﺮ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ‬.‫ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﺳﻨﮓ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﻨﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬،‫ﺗﻮﻧﻞ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ‬.‫ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬،‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻧﻠﺰﻧﻲ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﭙﺲ‬.‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺮﺷﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻧﺶﺳﻨﺞ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻧﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬
.‫ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ ﮐﺮﻧﺶ ﺳﻨﺞ‬،‫ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ‬،‫ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﯽ‬،‫ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﺰﻩ‬،‫ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬،‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺘﯽ‬:‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﯼ‬

Assessment of loading on segmental lining of tunnel with respect to in-

strumentation data
Masoud sadeghi
Rahab engineering institute
Mahdi moosavi
Tehran university, mining engineering department

Abstract:Tunnels are built today where the public requests them and not necessarily,
where the geological conditions would be more favorable. In these cases, mechanized
shied tunneling is consistently aim at improving performance and safety. In double shield
TBM, suitable assessment of rock mass behavior and interaction with tunnel lining are
difficult where tunnel face accessibility is limited. There are many loading cases for the
segmental lining of tunnels driven by TBMs. In this research, loading condition to con-
centrate contact grouting on tunnel lining is studied. Then instrumentation data such as
pressure cell and strain gage are investigated in a long country’s tunnel. Results shows
temporary loads during TBM advance with grouting pressure are important to establish-
ment of external radial pressure.

Keywords: segmental lining, instrumentation, mechanized excavation, contact grouting,

pressure cell, strain gage

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 ‫‪ ١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻧﻞﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﺣـﺪﺍﺙ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴـﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ‪TBM‬ﺳﭙﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﭙﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫـﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺗـﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ‬
‫ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻭﻱ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﺶﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ)ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ( ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻧﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﺮ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ۶‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫‪ TBM‬ﺳﭙﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺳﻨﮓﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﺑﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺭﭘﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻼﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ﭼﻴﻦﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻻﻧﻪ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻱ)ﻫﮕﺰﺍﮔﻮﻧﺎﻝ( ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٢‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﺮ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺳـﮕﻤﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺳـﻨﺞ ﺑــﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ ۲‬ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳـﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻛــﺮﻧﺶ ﺳـﻨﺞ ﺑـﺎ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺗــﺎﺭ ﻣـﺮﺗﻌﺶ ﺑـﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴــﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ‪ ۳۰۰۰µstrain‬ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳـﻨﺞﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺳـﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺮﻧﺶﺳﻨﺞﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺎﺭ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻧﺶﺳﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻦﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (۱‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -١‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫‪١٨٩‬‬
 ‫‪ ٣‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨـﺪ ﭘﻴﺸـﺮﻭﻱ ‪ TBM‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ)‪ (۲‬ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ‪ TBM‬ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﻨﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ ﺩﻭ‪ ،‬ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﺭﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺳﭙﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌـﺮﺽ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧـﺪﺭﻛﻨﺶ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ ﺳـﮕﻤﻨﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﭘﻴﺸـﺮﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺶ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺗـﺎ ﺩﺳـﺖﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﻣـﻪ ﻣـﻲﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻭﺩﮔﺬﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺟﺎﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺗﺰﺭﻳـﻖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗـﻮﺩﻩﺳـﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ)‪.(Nguyen, 2006‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -٢‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻩ ﺑﺎ ‪(Nguyen, 2006)TBM‬‬

‫‪ ۱-۳‬ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻠﺰﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﭘﻴﮕﺮﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻜـﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻳﻜﭙـﺎﺭﭼﮕﻲ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺒـﻮﺩ ﺁﺏﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ)‪ .(Maidi, Herrenknecht, and Anheuser, 1996.‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺗﺰﺭﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ۱۰۰‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻨﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻃﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﮕﻦﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،TBM‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ ﻭ ﺗـﻮﺩﻩﺳـﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻦ ﻧﺨﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﺯﻳـﻊ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬

‫‪١٩٠‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (۳‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ۱‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ،۹‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﻫـﺎﻱ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ۴ ،۹ ،۲ ،۱‬ﻭ ‪۷‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻧﺸـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳـﻊ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧـﺖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳـﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ)‪(۴‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺘﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -٣‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -٤‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ)‪(Nguyen, 2006‬‬

‫‪ ۴‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮊﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﺳﻨﮓ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪ (۱‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ ۱۷۵۱‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺮﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻫﻤﺨـﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﺳﻨﮓ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﻓﺮﺻـﺖ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲﻃﻠﺒـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻧﮕﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﺸﺶ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺘﯽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻧﺶﺳﻨﺞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -١‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮊﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﺳﻨﮓ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫‪GSI‬‬ ‫)‪RQD(%‬‬ ‫)‪UCS(MPa‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ)ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫‪١٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٠-٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٣٥-٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٣٠-١٥‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻞ ﺁﻫﻜﻲ‬ ‫‪١٧٥١‬‬

‫‪١٧٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٥-٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٥-٢٥‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠-٥٠‬‬ ‫ﺁﻫﻚ ﻻﻳﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫‪٢٨٧٠‬‬

‫‪١٩١‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (۵‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ ۱۷۵۱‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣـﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳـﮕﻤﻨﺖ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛـﺮﻧﺶ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ)‪ (۵‬ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻭ ﺗﺜﺒﻴـﺖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺟﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،TBM‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺎ ‪ ۵‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤـﺾ ﺗﺰﺭﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ)ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ( ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ)ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤـﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻣﺠـﺪﺩﺍ" ﺭﻭﻧـﺪ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪200‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﭗ‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫ﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺳﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﻟﺮﻩ ﭼﭗ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫‪25‬‬

‫‪100‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎ)ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ(‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﻧﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪-50‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪-100‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪-150‬‬

‫‪-200‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -٥‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪١٧٥١‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻔﺴـﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻧـﺪ ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫـﺎ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻟﻲ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ۰/۰۰۲‬ﻭ ﻛـﺮﻧﺶ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﺷﻜﺴـﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۰/۰۰۳‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ" ﺑـﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ ۱۴۰‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ۴۲۰‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ)ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻧﻴﺎﻧﭙﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻃـﺎﺣﻮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍﻳﺶ‪ .(۱۳۸۴ ،‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻭ ‪ ۰/۰۴۱‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫‪١٩٢‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ۳۰‬ﮔﻴﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺮﻧﺶﺳﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (۶‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒ‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺶ)‪(MPa‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪-2‬‬

‫‪-4‬‬

‫‪-6‬‬

‫‪-8‬‬

‫‪-10‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -٦‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻧﺶﺳﻨﺞ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (۶‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ۳/۷۲‬ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ‪ ۱/۵‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ۲۳‬ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬
‫‪ ۲/۲‬ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸـﻲ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻫﺴﺘﮕﻲ)ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ۰/۲‬ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ( ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﺎ ﺗـﻮﺩﻩﺳـﻨﮓ ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ ۲۸۷۰‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (۸‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺳﻘﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ۵‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ۶‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺑـﺰﺍﺭ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺸﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺟﺰ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺸـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺟﺒـﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ ۲۸۷۰‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺗﺰﺭﻳـﻖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﻳـﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼـﭗ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺗﺰﺭﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﭗ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ۶/۳۸‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺗﺰﺭﻳـﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ‪ ۶‬ﺑـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻧـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺩﮔﺬﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ۴‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﭗ‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ)‪(bar‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -٨‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﭗ‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬

‫‪15‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪50‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭ‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪-50‬‬

‫‪-100‬‬

‫‪-150‬‬

‫‪-200‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -٩‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪٢٨٧٠‬‬

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‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺷﻜﻞ)‪ (۹‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﭗ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﭗ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ" ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭼﭗ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳـﻊ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧـﺖ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳـﻊ ﻏﻴﺮﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧـﺖ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ ﻛـﺮﻧﺶ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٥‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﺶ‪ -‬ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﺶ‪ -‬ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗـﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺗﺰﺭﻳـﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺗـﻪ ﻧﺸـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺏ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪﺩﺭ ﭘـﻲ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻲ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﮐﻢﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗـﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﻳﻲﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٦‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻧﻴﺎﻧﭙﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲﺍﻛﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﻃﺎﺣﻮﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻫﭙﻮﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ)‪ " .(١٣٨٤‬ﺩﺳﺘﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ" ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫"‪Maidi, B., Herrenknecht, M. and Anheuser,L.(1996). " Mechanized Shield Tunneling‬‬
‫‪1st Edition, Ernst & Sohn.‬‬
‫‪Nguyen, D.T. (2006) "TBM and Lining-Essential Interfaces", Student thesis, Polytechnic‬‬
‫‪University of Turin, pp. 199.‬‬

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