‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ‬

8th Iranian Tunnelling Conference

‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬،١٣٨٨ ‫ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﻩ‬٣١ -٢٩

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﺘﺮﻭﻱ ﮐﺮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‬
**‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺩ ﮐﺎﻇﻤﻴﻨﻲ‬,*‫ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ‬, *‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬،‫ﻧﺎﺭﻣﮏ‬،‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬،‫* ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﮐﺮﺝ‬، ‫**ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﺩﮐﺘﺮﺍﻱ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏ‬
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬. ‫ ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬۲۵ ‫ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﺘﺮﻭﻱ ﮐﺮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ‬: ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬. ‫ ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬۲/۵ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ‬. ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﮑﻲ ﻭ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮑﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬. ‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﺬﮐﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺗﺮﻳﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‬. ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺷﺎﺗﮑﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﻭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﺶ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺏ‬۳۵ cm ‫ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﺘﺮﻭﻱ ﮐﺮﺝ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﻢ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬. ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ‬. ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﮏ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬. ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬۱۰ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺤﻈﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬، ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻳﮑﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬. ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﮐﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﺮ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬، ‫ﺳﻨﺞ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻲ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﮑﻨﻴﮑﻲ‬. ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺻﺤﺖ‬. ‫ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬.‫ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
. ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‬
‫ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ‬، ‫ ﺷﺎﺗﮑﺮﻳﺖ‬، ‫ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‬، ‫ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬، ‫ﺗﻮﻧﻞ‬: ‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻱ‬
Comparison of measured convergences with results of numerical
modelling for a subway tunnel in Karaj-Iran
Hosein Salehzade*, Habib shahnazari*, Mohammad Javad Kazemeini **
*assistant professor university of science and technology , TEHRAN , IRAN
**PhD Student . kmohammadj@yahoo.com
Abstract:Karaj city subway in north of Iran is under construction with total length of 25
kilometres. In this research a part of this tunnel under the city with the length of about 2.5 will
be studied. A complete geotechnical investigation has been done in this part of tunnel. This
investigation shows that ground in different sections of this part consist of different layers of
alluvium with fine and coarse grains. Mechanical, physical and chemical tests were performed
on soil samples to get necessary parameters. Tunnel is being excavated by New Austrian
Tunnelling Method. Temporary support system is a 35cm layer of shotcrete include to layer of
wire mesh. As the tunnel is located in shallow depth (about 10 meters), and there is a heavy
traffic over it, it is important to investigate the vertical displacement of ground surface during
excavation and monitoring this displacement in different times during the excavation progress.
In order to get such information different instruments installed around tunnel section and on the
surface over the tunnel. Using mechanical and physical parameters of soil got from geotechnical
investigation in different sections, a numerical analysis (finite difference method) is done on
deformations around the tunnel during excavation. Comparison on results of numerical analysis
and measured deformation including subsidence of ground surface gives us very useful
information.
Key words: Tunnel, Instrumentation, Numerical Analysis, NATM, Alluvium

136
 ‫‪ ١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﮑﻄﺮﻑ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺧﺎﮎ‬
‫ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺍﻭﻻﹰ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﮐﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﻮﮊﻥ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻳﮏ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺎﮎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻭ ﮐﺮﻧﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺧﺎﮎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﮎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﮑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﺨﺒﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪ ۲۰۰۰۰‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ‬

‫◌‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺎﺋﻖ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻭ ﺳﻨﮓ ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﮐﺮﺝ ﻭ ﺣﻮﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪، FLAC‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﮐﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﮑﻨﻴﮑﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ‪ ۴+۴۰۰‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ‪ ۷+۱۰۰‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺗﺮﻳﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫‪ (New Austrian Tunneling Method) NATM‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ۱.۲۰‬ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﺎﮐﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻮﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻞ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮑﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬ﺑﺎﮐﺲ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺎﺗﮑﺮﻳﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻳﻢ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﺵ ‪ Shotcrete‬ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٣٧‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺟﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﮎ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ)‪ (L1‬ﻭﺧﺎﮎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ)‪ (L2-1,L2-2,L2-3‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -١‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‪،‬ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﮑﻨﻴﮑﻲ‪،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‪،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ]‪[۳‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :۱‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﮑﻨﻴﮑﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ]‪[۳‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫‪g( t‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪C(kPa‬‬ ‫)‪f (deg‬‬ ‫‪E(MP‬‬ ‫‪N spt‬‬
‫‪m2‬‬
‫)‬ ‫)‪a‬‬

‫‪L1‬‬ ‫‪1.86‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬

‫‪L2-1‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪L2- 2‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪53‬‬
‫‪L2-3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪>60‬‬

‫‪١٣٨‬‬
 ‫‪ .۳‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﺘﺮﻭﻱ ﮐﺮﺝ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ‪:‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﮐﻠﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺳﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ )ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ( ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﮑﻤﻴﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ‬
‫‪ ٥‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ‪ -٢‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ)ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ)ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ( ]‪[۴‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﮐﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ‪،‬ﮐﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﺩﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ٦ ،٣‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ ٨‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺳﻨﺞ ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪[۴] .‬‬

‫‪ .٤‬ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪FLAC‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ‪FLAC 2D V. 4.‬‬
‫‪ 0‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻔﮑﻴﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺯﻫﺎ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﻳﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ).‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ،١٦٠*١١٠‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﺯﻫﺎ ‪ ٩٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺮﺯﻫﺎ ‪ ٦٠‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻭﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ‪ ٥٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬

‫‪١٣٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﮏ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ )‪ (Elastic-Perfectly Plastic‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﺭ ﮐﻮﻟﻤﺐ )‪ (Mohr-Coulomb‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺟﺎ‬
‫‪ -۶‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻌﻞ ﺍﺳﺒﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﺮﺽ ‪ ۹.۶۱‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ ۴.۶۰‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۷‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻠﻬﺎ)ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺗﻨﺶ‪ (Stress Relaxation،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺟﺒﻬﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ -۸‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۹‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -۱۰‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٥‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ‪[۶] :‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮐﺮﻧﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪).‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﮑﻨﻴﮑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪).‬ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﮎ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻭﻥ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﮐﺴﺘﻨﺴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪١٤٠‬‬
 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -۲‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎك در ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﺑﺰار ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮاژ‬

‫‪L2-1‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮕﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﻨﺞ‬ ‫‪4+621‬‬

‫‪L2-1‬‬ ‫ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻨﺞ‬ ‫‪4+621‬‬

‫‪L2-1,L1‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮕﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﻨﺞ‬ ‫‪4+573‬‬

‫‪L2-2,L1‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮕﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﻨﺞ‬ ‫‪4+673‬‬

‫‪L2-1‬‬ ‫ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻨﺞ‬ ‫‪4+675‬‬

‫‪L2-3‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮕﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﻨﺞ‬ ‫‪6+975‬‬

‫‪ .٦‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪FLAC‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻭ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻟﺴـﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻮﻧـﻞ ﻭ ﻓﻀـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﮑﻨﻴﮑﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﭽـﻪ ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﮑﻨﻴﮑﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﮔﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ۱/۵‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻴﮑﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﮑﻨﻴﮑﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﮎ ﮐﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﺭﻳﺰﺷﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒ ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ۱۰‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻴﮑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﺭﻫﺮﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ‪ ،‬ﮐﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺧﺎﮎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻣﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺭﺧﻨﻤﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺩﺭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬
‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺎﮎ ‪L2-3‬ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺎﮎ ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 6kp‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺟﻮﺭﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﻔﻞ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﻤﻨﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺧﺎﮎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ‪ .. .‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺟﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺧﺎﮎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤١‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻫﺮﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺩﻭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ 6+975‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ )ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺳﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻧﻞ( ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﮐﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ ‪ 4+621‬ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻃﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻭﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻫﺮﻳﮏ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ ) G‬ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺧﺎﮎ (‪ ) K ،‬ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﮏ (‪ ) f ،‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﮑﺎﮎ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ( ﻭ ‪ ) C‬ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ (‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﮐﺎﻧﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﮑﻦ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﺤﺮﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪[۵] .‬‬

‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﮐﺴﺘﻨﺴﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺪول اﻻﺳﺘﯿﺴﯿﺘﻪ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﮐﺴﺘﻨﺴ ــﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻨ ﺶ اﻓﻘﯽ و ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘ ﺎﯾﺞ اﮐﺴﺘﻨﺴﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪y = 0.0049Ln(x) - 0.0562‬‬ ‫‪y = 0.0073Ln(x) - 0.0666‬‬
‫)‪C (kpa‬‬ ‫)‪E (mpa‬‬ ‫‪y = 0.0253Ln(x) - 0.0288‬‬
‫‪k0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪-0.02‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.02‬‬

‫‪-0.025‬‬ ‫‪-0.01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫)‪ydisplacement (m‬‬
‫)‪yd isp la ce men t (m‬‬

‫)‪ydisplacement (m‬‬

‫‪-0.02‬‬
‫‪-0.03‬‬ ‫‪-0.02‬‬

‫‪-0.04‬‬

‫‪-0.035‬‬ ‫‪-0.03‬‬
‫‪-0.06‬‬

‫‪-0.04‬‬ ‫‪-0.04‬‬ ‫‪-0.08‬‬

‫‪-0.045‬‬ ‫‪-0.1‬‬
‫‪-0.05‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -٣‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ )ﺧﻂ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ(‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ )ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻓﻖ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﮐﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ( ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤٢‬‬
 ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‪ -۴‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﮎ ﻭ ﭼﺮﻥ ‪pannet,1995-hoek,1999-‬‬
‫)‪)(chern,1998‬ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ( ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻤﻨﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ)ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ( ]‪[۷‬‬

‫‪ .٨‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻫﺮﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ]‪[۸‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ‪) :4+621‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ(‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻞ)ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ( ‪:‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻞ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ FLAC‬ﺩﺭﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ nulling‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ‪ 1. 20 , 4+621‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ %۴۰‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﮐﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ %۳۰‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ]‪[۷‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﮑﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﻠﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ ۴‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ %۵۹‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﻮﮎ ‪ %۵۹‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺠﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ‪ ۵۹‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻱ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﮐﻞ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ‪ ۳‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ ۴‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ‪ 7. 3‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 40% * 7.3 mm = 2. 92 mm‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ‪ Cycle‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪ nulling‬ﺩﺭﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﮐﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳﻘﻒ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 7. 3mm‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ) ‪ :( k0‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ‪ k0‬ﺑﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ‬

‫‪١٤٣‬‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﮑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺩ‪[۷] .‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ )‪ :(E‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ k0‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺩﺭﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪ E‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -۳‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ )ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ‬
‫ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ‪(4+621‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪K0‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫‪0. 428‬‬ ‫‪50MPa‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫‪400MP‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬
‫‪1. 5‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -۴‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ)ﮐﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ‬
‫ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ‪(4+621‬‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪K0‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫‪50MPa‬‬ ‫‪0. 425‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫‪50MPa‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺤﮑﻴﻤﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ k0‬ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ ﺑﻪ ‪ ۱‬ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﮑﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ k0‬ﺗﺎ ﻳﮏ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﮐﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﻭﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ‪ k0‬ﺩﺭﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -۵‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﮎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ )ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ‬
‫ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ‪(6+975‬‬
‫‪k0‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫‪0. 428‬‬ ‫‪100MPa‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫‪1. 5‬‬ ‫‪300 MPa‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬

‫‪١٤٤‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۵‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ K o‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻤﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ)ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ( ‪ K o ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ)ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ( ]‪[۵‬‬

‫‪.٩‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺯﻳﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻭﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺧﺎﮐﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻛﺴﺘﻨﺴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ f‬ﻭ ‪ c‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ‪ K o‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﻭﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ "‪"over Consolidation Ratio‬‬
‫ﻭﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ‪ CC‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ‪) .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻳﻢ(‬

‫‪١٤٥‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻋﻜﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭﻣﺎﻫﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺁﺑﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﺮﺝ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺷﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻫﭙﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﺭﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺳﭙﺎﻩ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻧﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻟﺪﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﻳﻚ ‪ alluvial fan‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻣﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﺮﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻩ( ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﮐﻨﮕﺮﻭﻣﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺩﺭﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻗﻮﻱ ﺩﺭﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ( ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻭﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ K o‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۷‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ ۴+۵۷۳‬ﻭ‪ ۴+۶۷۳‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻨﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺩﺭﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ K o‬ﻭ‪ E‬ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﮐﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺁﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﮔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺯﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ‪ K o‬ﻭﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ PMT‬ﻭ ‪ LSCPT‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺭﺱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ‪n‬‬
‫‪ E,‬ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ‪، K o‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﺩﺭﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۲‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪[۱] .‬‬

‫‪١٤٦‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬ ‫‪.١٠‬‬
‫]‪ [۱‬ﻭﺍﻱ‪ .‬ﺍﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻮﮐﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﮎ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺗﺴﻮﻳﺎﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ‪ :‬ﺩﮐﺘﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ )‪ ،(۱۳۷۶‬ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮏ ﺳﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﮑﺎﻥ‬
‫]‪ [۲‬ﻫﻮﮎ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻴﻤﻲ ﻓﺮ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ )‪ ،(۱۳۷۶‬ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﮓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮏ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﺮﻱ‬
‫]‪[۳‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﮐﺮﺝ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﮎ ﭘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫]‪[۴‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﮐﺮﺝ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫]‪[۵‬ﺟﻲ‪.‬ﺍﭺ‪.‬ﺍﺗﮑﻴﻨﺴﻮﻥ‪،‬ﭘﻲ‪.‬ﺍﻝ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻧﺰﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﮎ‬
‫‪،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ‬
‫‪[6]Hoek E.& Brown E.T, 1988. ''the Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion a‬‬
‫‪1986 Update''. Prc. 15th sym. Rock Mech, University of Toronto. Pp. 31-38‬‬
‫‪[7]Panet M, 1993, ''Underground deformations in tunnels''. Compre-‬‬
‫‪hensive Rock engineering, First Edn, Vol,1, Chap, 27, Pergamon Press,‬‬
‫‪London.‬‬
‫‪[8]Sakurai.S, 1983. ''Displacement Measurements Associated With‬‬
‫‪the Design of Underground Openings''. In Proc. Int. Sym. Field Measure-‬‬
‫‪ment in Geomechanics, Zurich Vol. 2. pp. 1163-1178.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤٧‬‬