Problem 1)

An inclined permeameter tube is filled with three layers of soil of different permeability as
shown below. Find the head at points (A – B – C – D) with respect to given datum, for the
following cases:
a. Assume k1 = k2 = k3.
b. Assume 3k1 = k2 = 2k3.

Solution
a. k1 = k2 = k3
: vertical flow ‫ وبالتالي كأوىا وتعامل مع‬، ‫والحظ أن طبقات التربة مرتبة بحيث أن الماء سيىتقل مه طبقة لألخرى‬

qeq  q1  q2  q3
keqieq A  k1i1 A1  k2i2 A2  k3i3 A3
 A1  A2  A3  A
 k1  k2  k3  k  keq
 ieq  i1  i2  i3
20  10  5 5
ieq  
8  4  16 28
h A  20 m
No loss of head as A is first point
 5 
hB  h A  i1 L1  hB  20     8  18 .57 cm
 28 
 5 
hc  hB  i2 L2  hc  18 .57     4  17 .85cm
 28 
 5 
hD  hc  i3 L3  hD  17 .85     16  15cm
 28 
 b. 3k1 = k2 = 2k3 → k2 = 3k1 , k3 = 1.5 k1.

K1 ‫ بداللة احداها و هذا ما فعلىاي بالتحويل بداللة‬K ‫ووجد قيم‬

q eq  q1  q 2  q3
k eq ieq A  k1i1 A1  k 2 i2 A2  k 3i3 A3
 A1  A2  A3  A
 k 2  3k1 , k 3  1.5k1
H 8  4  16
k eq   k eq   k eq  1.4k1
 H1   H 2   H 3   8   4   16 
               
 k1   k 2   k 3   k1   3k1   1.5k1 
 k eq ieq  k1i1  k 2 i2  k 3i3  1.4k1ieq  k1i1  3k1i2  1.5k1i3
1.4ieq  i1  3i2  1.5i3

5
1. i1  1.4ieq  1.4   0.25
28

1.4 1.4 5 1
2. i2  ieq   
3 3 28 12

1.4 1.4 5 1
3. i3  ieq   
1.5 1.5 28 6

hA  20m

hB  h A  i1 L1  hB  20  0.25  8  18cm
1
hc  hB  i2 L2  hc  18     4  17.67 cm
 12 
1
hD  hc  i3 L3  hD  17.67     16  15cm
6
Problem 2)
An inclined premeameter tube is filled with layers of soil of different permeability as shown
below.

Find the total head, elevation head and pore water pressure at points ( A – B – C – D ) with
respect to the given datum, Assume “ 3K1 = K2 = 2K3 = 1.5K4 ” .

Soln.:

K1 ‫ بداللة احداها و هذا ما فعلىاي بالتحويل بداللة‬K ‫ووجد قيم‬

K1 = K1

K2 = 3 K1

K3 = 1.5 K1

K4 = 2 K1
𝐾1∗ 𝐻1 + 𝐾2∗𝐻2 𝐾1∗2+3𝐾1∗2
K* “ equivalent for the layers 1 and 2 “ = = = 2 𝐾1
𝐻∗ 4

𝐻 6+8+12
Keq “ for all layers K*, K3, K4” = 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻3 𝐻4 = 6 8 12 = 1.814 𝐾1
∗+ + + +
𝐾 𝐾3 𝐾4 2 𝐾 1 1.5 𝐾1 2 𝐾1

qeq = q* = q3 = q4

Keq ieq Aeq = K* i* A* = K3 i3 A3 = K4 i4 A4

Because there is no variation in the area of the premeameter tube, then Aeq = A* = A3 = A4
Keq ieq Aeq = K* i* A* = K3 i3 A3 = K4 i4 A4

1.814 𝐾1 * ieq = 2 K1 * i* = 1.5 K1 i3 = 2 K1 i4

1.814 ieq = 2 i* = 1.5i3 = 2 i4

30−17
ieq = 6+8+12 = 𝟎. 𝟓

 i* = 0.454

 i3 = 0.6047

 i4 = 0.454

1) Total Head :

HA = 30 cm.

HB = HA - i* * 6cm = 30 – 0.454 * 6 = 27.28 cm.

HC = HB – i3 * 8cm = 27.28 – 0.6047 * 8 = 22.44 cm.

HD = HC – i4 * 12cm = 22.44 – 0.454 * 12 = 17 cm.

2) Elevation Head : “the elevation from the datum”

HA = 0.0cm . “ point A is located on the datum ”

HB = 2.308 cm. “ from trigonometric relations ”

HC = 5.385 cm. “ from trigonometric relations ”

HD = 10 cm. “ from trigonometric relations ”

3) Pore water pressure :

As Total head = elevation head + pressure head “ here is pore water pressure” + velocity head “ ignored
because V  0.0 ”.

HA = Total head @ A – Elevation head @ A = 30 – 0 = 30 cm.

HB = Total head @ B – Elevation head @ B = 27.28 – 2.308 = 24.972 cm.

HC = Total head @ C – Elevation head @ C = 22.44 – 5.385 = 17.055 cm.

HD = Total head @ D – Elevation head @ D = 17 – 10 = 7 cm.