Geography Intervention Workbook Class 8 1st Term 2019 2

The City School
PAF Chapter
Prep Section
GEOGRAPHY
Class – 8
Workbook for Intervention Classes

CHAPTER: NATURAL RESOURCES (MANGROVES (Pg:94-97)
Q.1 Fill in the blanks.
1) At one time Pakistan had one of the_________ largest mangrove forests in the world.
2) It has been estimated that nearly half of the mangroves along the coast of Sindh were
destroyed between 1970 and ___________
3) Mangroves growing on the edge of the sea are adapted to growing in salt water while those
growing further inland are ___________________________ of salt.
4) It is estimated that fifty years ago in each year the Indus delta received a flow of 85 million
acre feet of fresh water from the river Indus while in 2002 it receive under _________
5) Coastal communities depend upon mangroves as a cheap source of ____________and
fodder as well as for ______________ needs.
Q.2 How do mangrove trees growing on the coast get rid of the salt in the sea water?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q. 3 How do mangrove trees reproduce?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.4 How do mangrove trees act as a barrier?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER: Weather and Climate - Class 8 Project
Q.1 –State the meaning of the term “weather”.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.2 –State the meaning of the term “Climate’.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.3 –Differentiate between Weather and Climate.
The City School /PAF Chapter / Prep + Senior I Section / Worksheets for Intervention Classes (1st Term)/Geography/Class – 8 Page 2 of 19
Q.4- List down the components of Climate.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.5- List down the Climatic Zones of the Earth.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.6- Describe the location of the Climatic Zones of the Earth.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.7- Explain the reasons of the temperature variance in climatic Zones of the Earth.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.8- Describe the weather and Climatic conditions of Pakistan based on the Climatic Zones it is
divided into.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.9- Explain the reasons of the temperature variance in climatic Zones of Pakistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.10- Describe the sources of rainfall in Paistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.11- Interpret the main features of the temperature and rainfall graphs.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER: POPULATION
Q.1 State the difference between distribution and density of population.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.2 State the meaning of the term ”natural increase” explain how the government of Pakistan is
tackling with the issue of population growth in the country?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.3 Discuss the importance of population control in Pakistan if the country is to develop?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.4 How can educating girls lead to population control in Pakistan?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.5 Define infant mortality rate. Explain the relationship between infant mortality rate and
population growth.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.6 State the meaning of the term “migration”. Explain reasons for different types of migration.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.7 Explain with respect to both “push” and “pull” factors the movement of population from rural
to urban areas of Pakistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.8 How does different types of migration affect socio – economic setup of Pakistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.9 Describe the measures which may be taken to help solve the problems related with migration
of different kinds.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.10. Explain the natural and human factors that result in forced migration.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.11. State the meaning of term “Urbanization”
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.12. Explain the impact of “Urbanization” on a developing country like Pakistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.13- Differentiate between :
Refugee Economic Migrant
Planned migration Forced Migration
CHAPTER: ENVIRONMENT
Q1-State the meaning of the term sustainable development.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q2-Discuss the importance of recycling for the environment.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q3-Explain UN efforts towards sustainable development in a developing country.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q4- How is the environment affected in Pakistan?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q5- Describe sustainable fishing .

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q6-State the meaning of the term “over- fishing”. Outline the reasons of over- fishing in Pakistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q7-Describe the economic and ecological effects of over- fishing in the coastal areas of Pakistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q8 -Discuss the reasons for the drop in the number of fish in Pakistan in coastal areas.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q9- Explore a few ways to make fishing sustainable
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q10- Describe the problems in forestry section in Pakistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q11- Investigate the ways to overcome the problems of forestry in Pakistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q12-Define bio- fuels.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q13-State the significance of bio- fuels. Are sustainable fuels?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q14-Discuss how bio fuels are environmental friendly.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.15- Identify the renewable sources of energy which can be harnessed and used in Pakistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q16- Find out which renewable energy sources are being used for power generation in Pakistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q17- Explain the features of sustainable tourism.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q18 -Describe the main features of the World Bank’s report on Pakistan’s environmental
assessment done in 2006.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER: THE LAND OF PAKISTAN
Q.1-Name the largest cities of Pakistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.2-How many wars did Pakistan and India have after independence? ________________________
Q.3-When was Islamabad established?________ ______________________________________
Q.4.Which two cities of Pakistan have gone up in importance since 1951?__________________
Q. 5.Which two cities have gone down in importance since 1951?____________________________
Q. 6. Which cities have not changed places?_____________________________________________
Q. 7. Why is there no population shown for Islamabad in 1951 ?_____________________________
Q. 8.In how many ways do the cities grow?______________________________________________
Q. 9.Which cities have grown in
(a) area___________________________________________________________________________
(b) population_____________________________________________________________________
(c) importance_____________________________________________________________________
Q.10.The reason for increase in
(a) area___________________________________________________________________________
(b) population_____________________________________________________________________
(c) importance_____________________________________________________________________
Q.11. What are two types of growth of cities?____________________________________________
Q.12. What type of growth do you think is better? why?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
THE GROWTH OF KARACHI
Q.13. How many Muslims had migrated to Pakistan from India by 1951?______________________
Q. 14. How did the migrants in Karachi settle?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q 15.What did the authorities do for the settlements of those immigrants in Karachi?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
16. What step was taken by the government in 1960,s for the settlement of the immigrants in
Pakistan?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
17. Was that step of the Govt. successful? if not, why?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
18. How did the problem of settlement increase in the early in 1960’s in Karachi?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
19. What other step was taken by the city authorities in 1960s against the squatter settlement?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
20. What was the effect of that step of the city Authorities?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
21. What does S-I-T-E stand for ? How did that area grow in population ?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
22. How did the increase in area of Karachi affect the poor farmers?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
23. What is the shifting of people from villages to cities called as ?___________________________
24. What does the natural increase in the population mean ?
________________________________________________________________________________
25. Compare the population of Karachi in 1961. 1981 and 1998. What was the difference ? What
caused that difference?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
26. Which city became the capital of Pakistan after Karachi?________________________________
27. Highlight the reason for increased importance of Karachi even when the capital of Pakistan was
changed.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
28. Choose and encircle the best option.
(a) Karachi has [ 95% , 75% , 25% + of Pakistan’s foreign trade.
(b) Karachi has * 60% , 20% , 30% + of Pakistan’s industrial production.
(c) Karachi has [ 40% , 10% , 95% ] of employment in large scale industries.
(d) Karachi has [ 90% , 75% , 25% ] head offices of banks and other companies.
THE GROWTH OF GUJRANWALA
Q No.1 Fill in the blanks
(1) The name Gujranwala comes from the word Gujjar which means cattle ___________.
(2) The town was named after Chaudhry Gujjar who owned the ___________that supplied the
region.
(3) At the time of partition the Muslims with the ____________tradition migrated from India
and settled in towns in the ____________such as Sialkot ,Lahore and Gujranwala.
Q .2 In 1960’s why did some farmers and workers lose their jobs and how did they survive?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Look at the picture below.
Q .3 Which main road passes through the centre of Gujranwala? Which two cities does that main
road through Gujranwala connect ? ____________________________________________________
Q .4 Which canal goes along the by-pass ?_______________________________________________
Q .5 Is the growth in Gujranwala vertical or horizontal?____________________________________
Q .6 Which industry Gujranwala is famous for?___________________________________________
Q .7 In what area has the city grown up?________________________________________________
Q .8 What other way the farming was affected in 1960’s in Gujranwala?______________________
Q . 9 How did Gujranwala increase in its area?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q .10 What development was done in 1971 in the town?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q .11 How was the city grown in area after the development done in 1971?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q .12 From where is the railway line passing through the city?_______________________________
Q .13 How many road bridges are built on the railway line?_________________________________
Q .14 What is a by- pass?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q .15 Which road is passing through the centre of the city?_________________________________
Q . 16 How many roads emerge from that road and which cities do they connect to Gujranwala?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
THE GROWTH OF GILGIT
Q.1 Why is Gilgit called as the bridging point?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.2 What led to the growth of Gilgit?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
THE GROWTH OF FAISALABAD
Q.1 How was Faisalabad established?
________________________________________________________________________________
Q.2 What factors led to the growth of Faisalabad?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.3 What were the problems in Faisalabad?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.4 What factors show that Faisalabad is going to have a bright future?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q. 5- Which motorway connects Faisalabad to Lahore ? ____________________________________
Q.6 Which motorway connects Islamabad to Lahore ? _____________________________________
Q.7 Which motorway connects Islamabad to Lahore ? _____________________________________
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE GROWTH OF CITIES page no 21-25
Q 1.What is the task (job/responsibility) of a city authority?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q 2. List the provisions (things that are provided) in the framework of a city authority that make life
of citizen better?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Look at the table given below and answer the question.
Q 3. Which city produces the largest amount of waste per day?____________________________
Q.4 Look at the table given below ( Fig-1.20) and separate the types of solid waste under the two
headings .
Separate the types of a solid waste under these two headings.
Bio degradable Non Bio degradable
Q 5. What factors caused the problems even worse in Karachi from 1951 till present?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q 6. List some main problems in the major cities of Pakistan.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q 7.Should the solid waste be collected separately e.g hospital and industrial waste .If yes , why?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q 8. (a)”RMC” launches a cleanliness campaign. Who launched it?
_________________________________________________________________________________
(b) How did “The city commissioner” encourage people for keeping the city Rawalpindi clean?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(c) What do you think is it only the fault of the city authority that our cities look dirty due to the
solid waste? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(d) What do you think Why is Lahore city not mentioned in the waste producing cities in Fig
1.20.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.9 What are the problems of disposal of waste in Karachi?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.10 What are the effects of lack of proper disposal of waste in Karachi?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q. 11 What are the common reasons for illness of children living in poor areas of Karachi?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q.12 What could be the possible reasons for lack of adequate sewage system of Karachi?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q. 13 What does KWSB mean? How is this department responsible for the sewage destroying areas
in Karachi?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q. 14 What is the purpose of a sewage treatment plant?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q. 15 Do all cities and villages have these sewage treatment plants ? What are the effects of sewage
and industrial waste being thrown into the rivers and seas?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q. 16 What are the two big issues which cause lack of satisfactory planning in Karachi?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q. 17 How does the struggle of different groups of people to develop land through legal and illegal
means affect the people in Karachi?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q. 18 What problem does Karachi development Authority (KDA) face while carrying out any new
developments ?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q. 19 How did the richer and poor areas in Karachi show different developments and why?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
THE GROWTH OF GWADAR Pg 16-17
Q.1- Fill in the blanks.
1) The neighboring countries of Pakistan are __________, __________, _________________

and___________.
2) The country neighboring Pakistan in the Arabian sea is________________, Gwadar was part of
it before it became part of Pakistan in_______________
3) In 1990s Chinese Govt. promised Pakistan to provide ______________________and
____________________ assistance to develop Gwadar as 3rd __________ sea port.
4) Two already established and working sea ports of Pakistan are ___________________and
_______________
5) The benefits of developing Gwadar as a port are:
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
6) The Chinese ships pass continent of ____________________ while going to Europe from
Shinghai.
7) The Persian Gulf leads to ____________________________ countries and Saudi Arabia.
8) The Persian Gulf is connected to Europe through _______________________ canal.
9) Land locked countries are those countries which are surrounded from all sides by other
__________________
10) The new land locked countries of Central Asia are __________________________,
____________________, ____________________________, ____________________________
and ____________________________
11) Apart from developing Gwadar as a port commercial and ________________zones are also
being built there.
12) A ceremony was held at Gwadar in December, 2008 when 1st _______________________ to
arrive there was unloaded, it brought __________________ from __________________
13) What is Urea? What is it made from? What are the uses of urea?
Class 8 Project/Geography/2018-19
Unit: Weather and Climate
Class 8 Project
The Material Weather
The Earth’s Climatic Zones Weather is the combination of the

current meteorological components
There are four major climatic zones in the world. e.g. temperature, wind direction and
They are: speed, amount and type of
Tropical Zone: This region lies between the equator precipitation, sun shine hours etc. at
and both the tropics (From 0° to 23.5° North and a particular place over a short
South) The solar radiation reaches the ground almost period of time (from one up- to
vertically at noontime during the entire year. Due to several weeks)
this, it is very warm in this region. Through high Weather condition is describing
temperatures, more water evaporates and the air is typical weather phenomena e.g. a
often moist. This results in frequent and dense cloud series of blizzards in winters or a
cover which reduces the effect of solar radiation on rainy day in late summers.
ground temperature. This zone is also called the
‘Torrid Zone.’ Climate
Temperate Zone: This zone lies between 23.5° North Climate is the average weather
to 66.5° North to the North of Equator (North conditions of a specific area over a
Temperate Zone) and 23.5° South and 66.5° South of long period of time (minimum 30
the Equator (South Temperate Zone). This zone has years) e.g. maritime climate, tropical
the highest variation in temperatures. climate etc.
The sub-tropical areas between 23.5° North to 40° Components of Climate

North and 23.5° South to 40° South, receive the
 Temperature
highest radiation in summer, since the Sun’s angle at
 Wind speed and direction
noon is almost vertical to the Earth, whereas the  Air Pressure
cloud cover is relatively thin. These regions receive  Humidity
less moisture which increases the effect of radiation.  Evapotranspiration
Therefore, most of the deserts in the world are  Precipitation
situated in this zone. In winters, the radiation in these  Condensation
regions decreases significantly and it can temporarily  Cloud cover
be very cool and moist.  Radiation
1
This document is the intellectual property of The City School and any unauthorised use is prohibited.
Any amendments in this document shall be controlled by the Studies Department only.
From 40° North to 60° North and 40° South to 60° South, the solar radiation reaches with a
smaller angle and the average temperatures here are much cooler than in the sub-tropics. The
seasons and the length of the day differ significantly in the course of a year. The climate is
characterized by less frequent extremes, a more regular distribution of the precipitation over
the year and a longer vegetation period therefore the name ‘temperate.’
Polar Zone: This zone lies from 60° North to 90° North and is called the North Polar Zone and
from 60° South to 90° South called the South Polar Zone. These areas receive less heat through
solar radiation, since the Sun has a very flat angle toward the ground. Because of the changes in
the angle of the axis of Earth to the Sun, the length of the day varies most in this zone. In the
summer of each hemisphere, the polar days occur. This zone is also called the Frigid Zone.
Below is the diagrammatic representation of the Earth’s Climate Zones.
Fig 1
World Map showing the ‘Climate Zones of the Earth’
2
Fig 2
Weather and Climate of Pakistan
Pakistan lies in the Temperate Zone. The climate is generally arid, having hot summers and cool
to cold winters. There are wide variations between extremes of temperatures at given
locations. On the whole, the rainfall is little and it can be unreliable; sometimes coming early
sometimes late. The overall amount may also vary.
Pakistan recorded one of the highest temperatures of the world i.e. 53°C on 26 May, 2010.
Pakistan lies a little to the north of Tropic of Cancer, a fact that places Pakistan in the
Temperate Zone. It has a continental type of climate which means that there are great
variations in its temperature, both seasonal and diurnal. (Diurnal means daily)
Climatic Zones
Pakistan has a vast latitudinal extent. The northern and western parts consist of lofty
mountains and hills. There are lowlands, plateaus and coastal areas. Due to the topographical
diversity, Pakistan experiences a variety of climate. The four climatic divisions of Pakistan are:
A. Highland Climate Zone

B. Lowland Climate Zone
C. Coastal Climate Zone
D. Arid Climate Zone
3
It is important to remember that classifying a place in a climatic zone does not suggest that the
whole zone will have the same climate. Within a zone, there will be variations in the amount of
rainfall, temperature, humidity, winds etc. The best example of this is the northern and western
highlands of Pakistan which fall in the same climatic zone but the amount of rainfall and
temperature is different within the zone.
The Seasons
Pakistan has four seasons which are:
a. Winter (mid-December to March) -

b. Early Summer (April to June)
c. Late Summer or Monsoon (July to September)
d. Post Monsoon (October to mid December)
Rainfall
4
Most of the areas in Pakistan are arid or semi-arid. Humid conditions are found in the northern
areas of Pakistan. As we move from the north to the south of Pakistan, the rainfall decreases.
Sources of Rainfall
These are:
a. Monsoon rainfall: One of the major sources of rainfall in Pakistan, monsoon winds are
seasonal winds, which bring heavy rainfall. These winds blow from the Bay of Bengal
and cross Bangladesh and India before reaching Pakistan and lose most of their
moisture in these countries. Northern Pakistan gets the tail end of these winds and
receive rainfall from July to September. Sometimes the over active monsoon system
brings heavy rainfall in Karachi and the coast of Sindh.
b. Western depressions or cylones: These originate in the Mediterranean Sea and travel
across the landmasses of Afghanistan and Iran before reaching the western areas of
Pakistan. Peshawar gets the maximum of rainfall from this source but as the winds
move towards western and south-western parts of the country, they lose their moisture
already. The rainfall in these areas come from December to March.
c. Convectional currents causing thunderstorms: Only the northern and north-western
areas of Pakistan receive rainfall from convectional currents. When hot, moist air rises
and reachers the higher layers of the atomosphere, condensation begins which causes
rainfall.
d. Relief rainfall: Relief rainfall occurs when the moist air moves up a cool to cold
mountain. Low temperature causes precipitation.
e. Tropical cyclones: These occur on the coastal areas and may bring heavy rainfall for a
few hours. They originate over the Arabian Sea quite often but usually they don’t make
landfall in Pakistan but are diverted to India, Oman or Iran. Each year before the
monsoon season and after its withdrawal, there is always a distinct possibility of the
cyclonic storm to develop in the north Arabian Sea. Cyclone Phet in 2010 was the
wettest cyclone so far in Pakistan.
5
Reading Graphs
These are rainfall graphs of two locations in Pakistan; Karachi and Lahore. They show an annual
pattern of rainfall in both the cities. Study the graph of each city and then compare both the
graphs.
Which city has more rainfall in the month of July? The answer is Lahore. Look at the scale of X
axis of the graph. Lahore has 200 mm of rainfall whereas Karachi has 85 mm of rainfall. When
reading a graph, consider these questions.
a. Which is the wettest month? (the month receiving the maximum rainfall)
b. Which is the driest month? (the month receiving the minimum rainfall)
c. What is the pattern of rainfall? (Does the place receive rainfall all year long? Is the
rainfall equally distributed or concentrated in a month or months?
d. What is the yearly average? (Calculate the average of rainfall from January to
December)
After you get this information, you can go one step further. Ask yourself why does a place have
a certain pattern of rainfall? Why only in monsoon months? Or why the place receives rainfall
throughout the year?
Now copy and paste the given link on google and find out rainfall graphs of any two cities and
interpret the same using the guidelines from ‘a to d’.
http://www.eldoradocountyweather.com/climate/pakistan/pakistan-climate-listings-a-z.html
6
These graphs show the temperature of two cities; Sibi in Balochistan and Drosh in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa. The red line shows the maximum monthly temperature and the blue line shows
the minimum monthly temperature of both the cities. Which city has the highest temperature?
Which city has the lowest temperature? Which month has the maximum difference between
the minimum and maximum temperatures? Are there warmer months more as compared to
cooler months or vice versa? Study the graph of each city and then compare both the graphs.
Consider these questions while you read the graphs.
a. Which is the hottest month?

b. Which is the coldest month?
c. Are there more warm/hot months or cool/cold months?
d. Which month has the maximum difference between the minimum and maximum
temperatures?
After you get this information, you can go one step further. Ask yourself why does a place have
a certain pattern of temperature?
Now copy and paste the given link on google and find out the maximum and minimum
temperature graph of any two cities and interpret the same using the guidelines from ‘a to d’.
http://www.eldoradocountyweather.com/climate/pakistan/pakistan-climate-listings-a-z.html
7

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Geography Intervention Workbook Class 8 1st Term 2019 2

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The City School

Workbook for Intervention Classes

Q.1 Fill in the blanks.

Q. 3 How do mangrove trees reproduce?

Q.4 How do mangrove trees act as a barrier?

Q.2 –State the meaning of the term “Climate’.

Q.3 –Differentiate between Weather and Climate.

Q.5- List down the Climatic Zones of the Earth.

Q.6- Describe the location of the Climatic Zones of the Earth.

Q.10- Describe the sources of rainfall in Paistan.

Q.1 State the difference between distribution and density of population.

Q.4 How can educating girls lead to population control in Pakistan?

Q.11. State the meaning of term “Urbanization”

Q.12. Explain the impact of “Urbanization” on a developing country like Pakistan.

Q.13- Differentiate between :

Refugee Economic Migrant

Planned migration Forced Migration

Q1-State the meaning of the term sustainable development.

Q2-Discuss the importance of recycling for the environment.

Q3-Explain UN efforts towards sustainable development in a developing country.

Q4- How is the environment affected in Pakistan?

Q5- Describe sustainable fishing .

Q9- Explore a few ways to make fishing sustainable

Q10- Describe the problems in forestry section in Pakistan.

Q11- Investigate the ways to overcome the problems of forestry in Pakistan.

Q12-Define bio- fuels.

Q13-State the significance of bio- fuels. Are sustainable fuels?

Q14-Discuss how bio fuels are environmental friendly.

Q17- Explain the features of sustainable tourism.

CHAPTER: THE LAND OF PAKISTAN

Q.1-Name the largest cities of Pakistan.

Q.4.Which two cities of Pakistan have gone up in importance since 1951?__________________

Q. 5.Which two cities have gone down in importance since 1951?____________________________

Q. 6. Which cities have not changed places?_____________________________________________

Q. 7. Why is there no population shown for Islamabad in 1951 ?_____________________________

Q. 8.In how many ways do the cities grow?______________________________________________

Q. 9.Which cities have grown in

Q.10.The reason for increase in

Q.11. What are two types of growth of cities?____________________________________________

Q.12. What type of growth do you think is better? why?

THE GROWTH OF KARACHI

Q. 14. How did the migrants in Karachi settle?

17. Was that step of the Govt. successful? if not, why?

24. What does the natural increase in the population mean ?

28. Choose and encircle the best option.

(a) Karachi has [ 95% , 75% , 25% + of Pakistan’s foreign trade.

(b) Karachi has * 60% , 20% , 30% + of Pakistan’s industrial production.

THE GROWTH OF GUJRANWALA

Q No.1 Fill in the blanks

Look at the picture below.

Q .4 Which canal goes along the by-pass ?_______________________________________________

Q .5 Is the growth in Gujranwala vertical or horizontal?____________________________________

Q .6 Which industry Gujranwala is famous for?___________________________________________

Q .7 In what area has the city grown up?________________________________________________

Q .8 What other way the farming was affected in 1960’s in Gujranwala?______________________

Q . 9 How did Gujranwala increase in its area?

Q .10 What development was done in 1971 in the town?

Q .14 What is a by- pass?

Q .15 Which road is passing through the centre of the city?_________________________________

THE GROWTH OF GILGIT

Q.1 Why is Gilgit called as the bridging point?

THE GROWTH OF FAISALABAD

1) The neighboring countries of Pakistan are , , _________