SHEAR AND MOMENT

and its application in structures

Architectural Structures UST - Legazpi

 SHEAR

-is the opposite parallel forces

-it is a force tending to cause deformation of

a material by slippage along the opposite
planes.
 SHEAR

In architecture, shear is a term commonly used to describe

a type of structural force that can affect buildings and
other architectural structures. Shear forces act parallel to a
surface, causing one part of the structure to slide or
deform relative to another part without altering the overall
shape or volume of the structure.
 SHEAR APPLICATIONS

Shear Walls

Shear walls are vertical structural elements, often made of reinforced

concrete or steel, incorporated into the design of a building to resist
lateral forces, including wind and seismic forces. They are placed
strategically throughout a building to prevent horizontal shear
deformation. Shear walls can help distribute these forces and reduce
sway or deformation during high winds or earthquakes.
 SHEAR APPLICATIONS

Diaphragms

In addition to shear walls, horizontal structural elements called

diaphragms also play a role in resisting shear forces.
Diaphragms are typically the floors and roof of a building and are
designed to distribute lateral forces to the shear walls or other
lateral load-resisting systems.
 SHEAR APPLICATIONS

Bracing Systems

In addition to shear walls, various bracing systems can be

employed to resist shear forces. These may include diagonal
braces, moment frames, and other structural elements
designed to prevent lateral movement and maintain the
stability of the structure.
 MOMENT

-is a force producing both tension and compression on

to the cross-section of a body.

-it is specific type of force that is crucial for understanding

the behavior and stability of structural elements,
particularly beams and columns.
 MOMENT

Bending moment is a force that causes a structural

member (such as a beam or a slab) to bend or deform. It is
the result of a combination of vertical and horizontal
forces acting on
a beam.
 MOMENT

When a beam is subjected to external loads (e.g., the

weight of a building or live loads like people and furniture),
it experiences bending moments that cause it to either sag
or bend upward. Bending moments are critical in
architectural design because they determine the structural
integrity and capacity of beams and their ability to support
loads without failing.
 MOMENT

When a beam is subjected to external loads (e.g., the

weight of a building or live loads like people and furniture),
it experiences bending moments that cause it to either sag
or bend upward. Bending moments are critical in
architectural design because they determine the structural
integrity and capacity of beams and their ability to support
loads without failing.
 MOMENT

When a beam is subjected to external loads (e.g., the

weight of a building or live loads like people and furniture),
it experiences bending moments that cause it to either sag
or bend upward. Bending moments are critical in
architectural design because they determine the structural
integrity and capacity of beams and their ability to support
loads without failing.
TYPES OF STRESSES
 TYPES OF STRESSES

Compression
the act of shortening
a state of pushing
together

Tension
the act of stretching
state of pulling
apart
 SHEAR DIAGRAM
is a graphic representation of the variation in magnitude
of the external forces present in structure for a given set
of transverse loads and support conditions.

Concentrated loads produces external shears which

are constant in magnitudes between the loads.

Uniformly distributed loads produces linearly varying

shear.
 MOMENT DIAGRAM
is a graphic representation of the variation in magnitude
of the bending moment present in structure for a given
set of transverse loads and support conditions.

The overall deflected shape of a structure subject to

bending can often be inferred from the shape of its
moment
diagram.
 OTHER TERMS
Positive Shear
a net resultant of shear fumes that acts
vertically upward on the left part of the
structure being considered.

Negative Shear
it is a vertically downward shear
 OTHER TERMS
Positive Moment
bending moment in concave curvature

Negative Moment
bending moment in convex curvature

Inflection Point
a point at which a structure changes curvature on a
concave to convex or vice versa. It has zero
moment.