YIELD FORCE OF MILD STEEL

The yield force of mild steel refers to the amount of stress or force that can be applied to the
material before it undergoes permanent deformation (yielding) and no longer returns to its
original shape upon removal of the force. It is typically expressed in units of force per unit area,
such as Newtons per square millimeter (N/mm²) or Pascals (Pa).

THE ULTIMATE FORCE OF MILD STEEL

The ultimate force of mild steel, also known as the ultimate tensile strength, is the maximum
amount of stress or force that the material can withstand before it breaks or fractures. It is a
measure of the steel's ability to resist deformation under tension. This strength is typically
expressed in units of force per unit area, such as Newtons per square millimeter (N/mm²) or
Pascals (Pa).

DENSITY OF MILD STEEL

The density of mild steel refers to its mass per unit volume and is commonly expressed in
kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). It represents how
much mass is packed into a given volume of mild steel material.

DENSITY OF CONCRETE
The density of concrete is the measure of its mass per unit volume, typically expressed in
kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). It indicates how
much mass is contained in a specific volume of concrete material.

BEAM BENDING
Beam bending refers to the deformation that occurs in a structural beam when an external
load, such as a force or a load, is applied perpendicular to its length. This load causes the beam
to bend or flex, resulting in both tension (stretching) and compression (compression) on
different parts of the beam, depending on its position.

BEAM DEFLECTION
Beam deflection is the measure of how much a structural beam bends or flexes when subjected
to an external load or force. It quantifies the displacement or deformation of the beam from its
original position due to the applied load. Beam deflection is a critical consideration in
engineering to ensure that structures can safely support loads without excessive bending that
might lead to failure or instability.
BEAM FLEXURE
Beam flexure, commonly known as bending, refers to the deformation that occurs in a
structural beam when an external load or force is applied perpendicular to its length. This load
causes the beam to bend, resulting in the development of both tension and compression within
the material. Beam flexure is a fundamental concept in structural engineering and mechanics,
as it influences the design, behavior, and strength of beams under various loading conditions.

MOMENT OF INERTIA
Moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotational motion
around a particular axis. It quantifies how the mass of an object is distributed relative to that
axis. Mathematically, it's the sum of each particle's mass multiplied by the square of its distance
from the axis of rotation. Moment of inertia is a crucial concept in physics and engineering,
used to analyze the rotational behavior of objects and systems.

STRUCTURAL STEEL CROSS SECTION

A structural steel cross section is the geometric shape and configuration of a piece of structural
steel, typically used in construction and engineering. It includes dimensions, shapes, and
arrangements of various elements like beams, columns, channels, angles, and more. The cross-
sectional characteristics of structural steel components play a vital role in determining their
load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and overall structural performance.

DENSITY OF WOOD
The density of wood refers to the mass of wood material contained within a unit volume,
typically expressed in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³) or grams per cubic centimeter
(g/cm³). It quantifies how much mass is present in a specific volume of wood and is influenced
by factors such as wood species and moisture content.