Drug monograph

Diazepam
Generic name: Diazepam Brand names: Valium Pharmacological category: Benzodiazepines Indications/uses: Management of anxiety disorders; alcohol withdrawal symptoms; skeletal muscle relaxant; convulsive disorders Mechanism of action: Binds to stereospecific benzodiazepine receptors on the postsynaptic GABA neuron at several sites within the central nervous system, including the limbic system, reticular formation. Enhancement of the inhibitory effect of GABA on neuronal excitability results by increased neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions. This shift in chloride ions results in hyperpolarization (a less excitable state) and stabilization Adverse reactions: Cardiovascular: Hypotension Central nervous system: Drowsiness, ataxia, amnesia, slurred speech, paradoxical excitement or rage, fatigue, insomnia, memory impairment, headache, anxiety, depression, vertigo, confusion Dermatologic: Rash Gastrointestinal: Changes in salivation, constipation, nausea Genitourinary: Incontinence, urinary retention Hepatic: Jaundice Neuromuscular & skeletal: Dysarthria, tremor Ocular: Blurred vision, diplopia Respiratory: Decrease in respiratory rate, apnea

Warnings/precautions: Diazepam may increase the frequency of seizures. Withdrawal symptoms and drug dependence are associated with discontinuation or reduction in dose. Use with caution in patient with depression. Use with caution with drugs which may decrease diazepam metabolism. Use with caution in elderly or debilitated patients, patients with hepatic disease (including alcoholics), or renal impairment Pregnancy category: D Breast-feeding/lactation: Crosses into breast milk Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or any component of its formulation (cross-sensitivity with other benzodiazepines may exist); narrow angle glaucoma; pregnancy Dose: Child: Oral: 0.12-0.8 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6-8 hours Adults: Oral: 2-10 mg 2-4 times/day

Reference: lexi-comp Drug Guide