Inspec Subject Updates Power Systems & Applications Issue 2005-003

Inspec Subject Updates
Power Systems & Applications Issue 2005-003

(Created: 22 January 2005)
The IEE Inspec Current Awareness Michael Faraday House Six Hills Way Stevenage Hertfordshire, SG1 2AY United Kingdom T: +44 (0)1438 313311 F: +44 (0)1438 742840 E: inspec.alerts@iee.org www.iee.org/Inspec/CurrentAwareness
Power Systems & Applications
Table of contents
Section/Heading
Page
1.0 Power Systems

1.1 Power System Management, Operation and Economics 1.2 Power System Planning and Layout 1.3 Power System Control
1
1 5 6
2.0 Power Transmission, Distribution and Supply

2.1 Network and Transmission Line Calculations 2.2 Distribution Networks
9
12 13
3.0 Power Transmission Lines and Cables

3.1 Power Cables 3.2 Overhead Lines 3.3 Supports, Insulators and Connectors
14
15 15 16
4.0 Power System Protection 5.0 Power System Measurement and Metering 6.0 Electric Machines and Power Apparatus
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 AC Machines DC Machines Linear Machines Small and Special Purpose Electric Machines Transformers Power Convertors and Power Supplies to Apparatus Switchgear Substations Drives Transportation Electric Heating and Lighting Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Industrial Applications
16 19 20
20 33 35 35 36 37 53 54
7.0 Power Utilisation and Applications
54
54 57 60 61 63
Subject Index
64
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1.0 Power Systems

1 High-accuracy, wide-range frequency estimation methods for power system signals under nonsinusoidal conditions
Author(s): Wu Jiekang, Long Jun, Wang Jixiang (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Guangxi Univ., China) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.36674 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: A numerical differentiation-based algorithm for highaccuracy, wide-range frequency estimation of power systems is proposed in this paper. The signal includes up to 31st-order harmonic components. Using the central numerical differentiation of multipoints on the basis of Lagrange interpolation, the estimated frequency of nonsinusoidal signals of power systems can be measured at an accuracy of 99.999% over a wide range of from 10 to 100 Hz with fundamental amplitude varying from 100 to 300 V and with a fundamental phase angle varying from 0 to 360. The proposed algorithm needs at most two cycles or 40 ms for estimation of frequency over 40 to 60 Hz, and needs at most three cycles or 60 ms over 10 to 40 Hz or 60 to 100 Hz. Using Matlab software, the simulation results of the test example are satisfactory (22 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250542
Kim, R.J. Martilla, P.G. McLaren, G.L. Michel, K.K. Mustaphi, P. Mysore, M. Nagpal, B. Nelson, F.P. Plumptre, M.S. Sachdev, J.S. Thorp, J.T. Uchiyama Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.4756 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Power system blackouts are a very rare phenomenon in a well-planned interconnected power system. Nevertheless it is very important to have plans and systems in place to handle any eventuality even if it is remote. This report brings out various issues related to protection during a system restoration process. Power system protection is critical to a safe, efficient, and reliable power system. Protection engineers take every possible care to ensure that protection systems are designed considering all predictable eventualities and these constraints have grown over time. However, during system restoration, after a major blackout, it is possible for the protection elements to be presented with situations, which they can mistake for an unhealthy power system and the protection elements may operate. The prime concern during a power system blackout is to bring the system back to normalcy as fast as possible. At times, if proper care is not taken, the protection system can hinder and delay the restoration of the power system. This report discusses various such conditions that can occur during the blackstart of a power system and also suggests solutions to manage them without compromising the objectives of protection system i.e., to ensure a safe, efficient, and reliable power system (18 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250532
2 Simulation of managing the generation of ecologic energy in local energy market

Author(s): E. Sroczan (Affiliation: Inst. of Electr. Power Eng., Poznan Tech. Univ., Poland), A. Urbaniak Editor(s): A.Verbraeck, V.Hlupic Conference: Simulation in Industry. 15th European Simulation Symposium - ESS 2003, Delft, Netherlands Conference Date: 26-29 Oct. 2003 Sponsor(s): Soc. for Modelling and Simulation International Publication: Simulation in Industry. 15th European Simulation Symposium - ESS 2003 Publisher: Gruner Druck GmbH, Germany, 2003 Language: English ISBN: 3 936150 28 1 Page: 361-6 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to describe strategy of decision taken by power system manager to minimize costs of energy in terms of spot market. The proposed attempt takes into consideration some problems of ecologic sources of energy, which are committing with conventional power plants. In the given circumstances of demand and load of power plants and networks simulation of expected values of energy is realized in an interactive mode. There are discussed some results of the simulation for the model of power system, including conventional thermal power plants, hydropower plants and wind farm. Neural network technology is applied to define load frame for set of committing thermal power units, hydropower plant and wind power plant (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8253614
4 Cost-effective applications correction for nonlinear loads
of
power
factor
Author(s): A.F. Zobaa (Affiliation: Electr. Power & Machines Dept., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.35965 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The objective of this paper is to propose a new approach for designing passive LC compensators by using the penalty function method as an optimization tool. The performance of the cost-effective passive LC compensator for a constant load depends on the appropriate inductor and capacitor selection. Several design methods are reviewed and a novel design methodology is proposed in this paper. By using the proposed method, the designer can quickly find appropriate parameter values to meet the desired circuit performance. Simulated results show that an appropriate combination of the inductor and capacitor selected by the proposed method can meet the desired power-quality requirement. Different cases of design examples are shown in this paper to verify the performance of the proposed design methodology (25 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250541
1.1 Power System Management, Operation and Economics

3 Protection issues during system restoration
Author(s): T.S. Sidhu, D.A. Tziouvaras, A.P. Apostolov, C.H. Castro, S.R. Chano, S.H. Horowitz, W.O. Kennedy, Sungsoo
5 Series compensation of radial power system by a combination of SSSC and dielectric capacitors
Author(s): F.A.R.A. Jowder, Boon-Teck Ooi (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, Que., Canada) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.45865 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text
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Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper shows that the addition of dielectric capacitors lowers the cost of series compensation by static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). Normally the capacitor resonates with the line inductance and the L-C electrical resonance can interact with the torsional resonances of the multiple-inertia elastic shaft of steam turbine-generators to give rise to subsynchronous resonance (SSR) instability. The SSSC has two functions: (1) to provide some series capacitive reactance compensation; (2) to damp out incipient unstable SSR modes. Digital simulation using HYPERSIM shows that for an overall degree of capacitive compensation of 0.7 pu, the SSSC component is only about 1/3 of the capacitive Mvar. Based on the transient stability limit, the transmissibility of the line is increased by a factor of 2.23 (31 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250553
responsibilities in a fair way among market participants (16 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247529
8 Application of a nonlinear reactive power pricing model for competitive electric markets
Author(s): M.J. Rider, V.L. Paucar (Affiliation: Electr. Eng. Dept., Fed. Univ. of Maranhao, Sao Luis - Maranhao, Brazil) Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151, no.3, p.407-14 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: A methodology for calculating active and reactive power marginal prices is proposed. Attention is given to the reactive power marginal price in a competitive electric market. The formulation adopts a synchronous generators steadystate model with nonlinear reactive power limits. Total cost of reactive power production (CRPP) is represented as a nonlinear model that considers the corresponding economic loss if active power is not generated; that cost is the opportunity cost. The formulation includes the CRPP of the static compensators. The methodology has been implemented using a modified optimal power flow program that includes a sequential linear programming technique enhanced with a modified predictor-corrector interior-point method. The IEEE30, -57, -118 systems and a reduced configuration of the interconnected (South-Southeast) Brazilian system have been used for application of the methodology. Results demonstrate that the active and reactive power marginal prices give economical signals that could impel even more the participation of agents of competitive reactive power markets (28 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247530
6 Use of cooperative game theory in power system fixed-cost allocation

Author(s): G.C. Stamtsis, I. Erlich (Affiliation: Inst. of Power Syst., Univ. of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany) Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151, no.3, p.401-6 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The use of cooperative game theory in power system fixed-cost allocation is investigated. The implementation of the allocation game in a bilateral transaction electricity market as well as in a pool market is discussed and the use of two well-known solution methods, nucleolus and the Shapley value, is explored. Conclusions are drawn which show that the Shapley value is a more preferable method when it is in the core of the game. For all the cases, results are illustrated in the IEEE 14-bus system (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247523
9 Determining the load profiles of consumers based on fuzzy logic and probability neural networks
Author(s): D. Gerbec, S. Gasperic, I. Smon, F. Gubina (Affiliation: Fac. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Ljubljana, Slovenia) Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151, no.3, p.395-400 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Load profiles are a key issue in retail power markets where small consumers do not have the appropriate metering equipment. The main function of load profiles is in load balancing, and in the billing of consumers who have deviated from their contracted schedules. However, the act of establishing a system that enables consumers who do not have quarter-hourly load measurements to participate in the retail market, requires the determination of typical load profiles (TLPs) for various consumer types. In addition, a simple and straightforward method for assigning a TLP to a particular eligible consumer also needs to be established. In the paper a methodology for classifying consumers' load profiles is presented. The preprocessed measured load profiles (MLPs), using wavelet multiresolution analysis, were clustered with a fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm and an appropriate cluster-validity measure. A probability neural network was used to assign the TLP to a particular group of consumers. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the formation procedure for the proposed TLPs (23 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247531
7 Distribution factors for reactive power in the presence of bilateral transactions

Author(s): E. De Tuglie, F. Torelli (Affiliation: Dipt. di Elettrotecruca ed Elettronica, Politecnico di Bari, Italy) Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151, no.3, p.379-87 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The twin factors of limited investment in electric transmission systems and the over exploitation of electrical resources results in an increase in the need for reactive power to support system voltage profile and to supply loads. It is reasonable to expect that generators and compensators, heavily involved in reactive support on a voluntary basis, will be remunerated for their service by market transactions. This remuneration will depend on the network topology, i.e. of buyers, sellers and reactive injection locations, on the active power exchanged and the reactive power required by loads. All these aspects are taken into account in developing a methodology based on circuit considerations. Using this approach, at a given system operating point characterised by a predefined set of transactions, reactive responsibilities can be formulated as the sum of two terms: one strictly related to transactions and the other dependent on electric network parameters. Test results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology in sharing reactive power
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10 Consumers' bounded rationality: the case of competitive energy markets

Author(s): I. Dyner, C.J. Franco (Affiliation: Univ. Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia) Journal: Syst. Res. Behav. Sci. (UK), vol.21, no.4, p.373-89 (July-Aug. 2004) Publisher: Wiley, UK Language: English ISSN: 1092-7026, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The recent liberalization of the energy industry provides a challenge for understanding the decision-making processes of the agents involved in their markets. In this new environment, it is of particular interest to investigate consumers' decisions with respect to energy efficiency for a range of purposes that include the assessment of government policy and traders' strategy intents. The neo-classic methodologies reported in the literature generally make strong, and not evident, assumptions with respect to the decision-making processes of end-users, including: complete information, full rationality and lack of risk perception. In this paper, the concept of bounded rationality is incorporated, seeking alternative grounds to the traditional approaches. Against this background, we examine different sets of assumptions based on the concept of rationally bounded energy use and propose policies that may reduce some of the apparent market failures. However, both these claims, as well as the proposed system dynamics models that intend to account for bounded rationality, need to be clearly justified. Here, we do this by indicating, explicitly and implicitly, how bounded rationality operates and what policies and strategies might be appropriate to remove some of the consumers' barriers when confronting decisions. The system dynamics models presented in this paper incorporate consumers' behaviour and alternative policies to assess their likely impact on society. Examples related to the penetration of fuels and lighting appliances are provided, to illustrate the approach (47 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248461
Energy Co., Brazil), A.V. Garcia, P.Y. Ekel, M.F.D. Junges, D. L. Guidoni, R.M. Palhares Journal: WSEAS Trans. Circuits Syst. (Greece), vol.3, no.2, p.306-11 (April 2004) Publisher: WSEAS, Greece Language: English ISSN: 1109-2734 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents results associated with the second stage of the project dedicated to developing, introducing, and employing the xOMNI system (software of the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) type). This stage is related to the elaboration of the energy management system (EMS) for the subtransmission system of the Minas Gerais State Energy Company. EMS functions are briefly described. One of the most important functions of voltage and reactive power control is considered in detail. The consideration covers questions of building diverse types of sensitivity indices and forming rules providing comprehensive and flexible solutions in conditions of regulated and deregulated environments. Some aspects of rational carrying out fuzzy logic procedures are considered as well (15 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250060
13 An architecture of a multi-agent system for power system operation

Author(s): A.R. Aoki, Ahmed Ali Abdalla Esmin, G.L. Torres (Affiliation: Electr. Eng. Inst., Itajuba Fed. Univ., Brazil) Journal: WSEAS Trans. Comput. (Greece), vol.3, no.2, p.40812 (April 2004) Publisher: WSEAS, Greece Language: English ISSN: 1109-2750 Document type: Journal article Abstract: There is a permanent demand for new application and simulation software for power systems. The main idea of this work is purpose architecture of a multiagent system to help operators during restoration task of power substations and distribution systems. This tool was developed using an object-oriented approach integrated with the intelligent agent technology. The application of object-oriented modeling in power system has been shown appropriated due to its reuse and abstraction. Furthermore, the multiagent systems (MAS) are being applied in power system problems solving, and some good results were obtained and the interest in this area has increased in the last two years (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250079
11 Marginal energy prices in transmission network nodes

Author(s): F. Buchta (Affiliation: Politechnika Slaskiej, Poland ) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.186, p.15-24 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Methodology of marginal prices calculation in the nodes of transmission network as well as the way of their usage for identification of transmission capacity limitation and also for establishing economic effects arising from liquidation of transmission capacity limitation have been shortly presented in the paper. In this scope criterion function of building generators merit order with consideration on required power reserve and security constrained optimal power flow have been shortly described. The manner of marginal prices fluctuation has been presented on the four nodes model grid. Some results of marginal prices analysis in real national 400 and 220 kV network have been also shown. Main conclusions have been written at the end of the paper (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248906
14 Comparison of settlement methods in deregulated power generation market

Author(s): Zhang Yu, Ren Yu-long, Ren Xiao-hong (Affiliation: Chongqing Univ., China) Journal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.28-62 (2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Different strategies of generation companies under different settlements are introduced. Based on the principle of first-price sealed auction, the optimal game models of bidding strategy in deregulated generation power market under two different conditions, the settlement method of market clearing price (MCP) and the settlement method of pay-as-bid are presented respectively. The variation of social surplus (welfare) is compared under the two different conditions of bidding strategies. It is indicated that the settlement method of pay-as-bid adopted will result in the dead weight loss of society welfare (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251307
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12 Energy management system and fuzzy control of voltage and reactive power in subtransmission system
Author(s): R.L.J. Carnevalli, B.M. Mendonca Neta, R.C. Brito, J.L.T. Morra (Affiliation: Eng. Dept., Minas Gerais State
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Simulation and calculation for short circuit current
Author(s): Zhou Qing-shan, Xiang Tie-yuan, Zou Rong-sheng (Affiliation: Wuhan Univ., China), Luo Ya Journal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.38-68 (2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Short circuit in the power system can be classified into the single phase short circuit, the two phase short circuit, the two phase short circuit to the earth and the three phase short circuit . Analysis on the short circuit current when each kind of short circuit occurred at the same point is presented and evaluated by Simulink and verified with Matlab (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251309
Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8482 2 Page: 533-4 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Solving economic dispatching problems in which generators suffer from prohibited zones is a challenging problem. In this paper, a solution based on genetic algorithm (GA) is suggested. An advantage of GA solutions is that they do not impose any convexity restrictions on the generators cost functions. Therefore, they are well suited to deal with prohibited operating zones Inspec No.: 8253497
19 Role of customer perception to quality of service in power utility management

Author(s): M.A. El-Kady, A.M. Shaalan, A.S. Algarni (Affiliation: King Saud Univ., Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 1065-8 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The introduction of de-regulation and the breakup of generation resulted in attention being directed towards the customer perception. This paper presents a framework, which includes both tangible and intangible costs associated with electricity service provision (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254112
16 Single-phase automatic reclosing based on SPDS neural network

Author(s): Chen Shu-ting, Li Ri-iong, Chen Shao-hua (Affiliation: Guangdong Univ. of Technol., Guangzhou, China) Journal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.42-4 (2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents a single-phase automatic reclosing method based on SPDS neural network. A threelayer SPDS neural network model is used. The simulation results of EMTP and MATLAB show that this model is feasible and the speed of training is faster than that of the BP neural network (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251310
17 Application of air gap to construct layered dispatching communication network

Author(s): Zhu Tian-qing, Xiong Ping (Affiliation: Wuhan Univ., China) Journal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.49-52 (2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The systems function which makes up the dispatching communication network is analyzed and the security degree of each system is marked. A scheme applying air gap system to protect dispatching communication network is proposed. The implementation of the scheme and some associated problems about the network security are discussed (2 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251312
20 A hybrid intelligent messy genetic algorithm for daily generation scheduling in power system
Author(s): Jun-Jie Yang, Jian-Zhong Zhou, Jing Yu, Wei Wu (Affiliation: Coll. of Hydroelectric & Inf. Eng., Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Hubei, China) Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, China Conference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 2217-22 vol.4 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Unit commitment (UC) is one of the most important optimization tasks of the daily generation scheduling in power system. However, getting the global optimal solution to meet all the constraints is a comparatively tough problem. The binary coding and stochastic operators in traditional genetic algorithm (GA) are not suitable for solving large-scale UC problem. In this paper, the hybrid intelligent messy genetic algorithm (HIMGA) is proposed to solve the problem due to the characteristics of the daily generation scheduling in power system. The proposed algorithm, using operation status of unit as the genotype and combining heuristic self-adapted intelligent operators, is not only very simple but it also reduces the scale of the UC problems, improves the diversity of evolution population, enhances the searching efficiency and develops the convergence of the algorithm. The simulation
18 A genetic algorithm for economic dispatching of generators

Author(s): N.J. Rizk (Affiliation: Comput. Sci. Dept., Notre Dame Univ., Jounie, Lebanon) Conference: Proceedings. 2004 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies: From Theory to Applications, Damascus, Syria Conference Date: 19-23 April 2004 Sponsor(s): Syriatel; Global Commun.; Syrian Comput. Soc. Network; HAMSHO Int.; Phoenix Consulting; DETECON: Detecon & Diebold Consultants; Republique Francaise Ambassade de France en Syrie; Syrian Airlines; STE; JUCI Publication: Proceedings. 2004 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies: From Theory to Applications (IEEE Cat. No.04EX852)
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results prove the correctness and validity of the proposed method (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254230
21 A parallel evolutionary programming based optimal power flow algorithm and its implementation
Author(s): C.H. Lo, C.Y. Chung, D.H.M. Nguyen, K.P. Wong (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., China) Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, China Conference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 2543-8 vol.4 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper develops a parallel evolutionary programming based optimal power flow solution algorithm. The proposed approach is less sensitive to the choice of starting points and types of generator cost curves. To improve the robustness and speed of convergence of the algorithm, population and gradient acceleration techniques are incorporated. The developed algorithm is implemented on a thirty-six-processor Beowulf cluster. The proposed approach has been tested on the IEEE 118-bus system under masterslave, dual-direction ring and 2D-mesh topologies. Computational speedup and generation costs for each parallel topology with different number of processors are then compared to those of the sequential EP approach (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254265
Document type: Journal article Abstract: A recurrent neural network approach for next day load curve forecasting using the concept of similar days is presented. Neural networks applied in traditional prediction methods all use similar days' data to learn the trend of similarity. However, learning all the similar days' data is a complex task, and does not suit the training of a neural network. The authors use the Euclidean norm with weighted factors to evaluate the similarity between a forecast day and a searched previous day. The load correction method for the generation of new similar days is proposed in which the new load data that are suitable to train the neural network, are generated by correcting the historical days' data with the help of load correction rates. In the proposed prediction method, the forecast load is obtained by adding a correction to the selected similar days' data, the correction being obtained from the neural network. For training the neural network the backpropagation algorithm along with online learning are adopted. The performance of the developed method for load forecasting has been tested using the actual load data and temperature data of the Okinawa Electric Power Company, Japan. The results indicate that accurate load forecasting can be achieved by adopting the proposed method. This paper is an extension of the one-hour-ahead load forecasting method (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247527
24 Multiobjective ant colony search algorithm optimal electrical distribution system planning
Author(s): M.G. Ippolito , E.R. Sanseverino, F. Vuinovich (Affiliation: Dipt. di Ingegneria Elettrica, Universita di Palermo, Italy) Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Portland, OR, USA Conference Date: 19-23 June 2004 Sponsor(s): IEEE Neural Network Soc.; Evolutionary Programming Soc.; IEE Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8753) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8515 2 Page: 1924-31 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In this paper, a dynamic multiobjective, MO, algorithm based on the ant colony search, the multiobjective ant colony search algorithm, MOACS, is presented. The application domain is that of dynamic planning for electrical distribution systems. A time horizon of H years has been considered during which the distribution system are modified according to the new internal (loads) and external (market, reliability, power quality) requirements. In this scenario, the objectives the Authors consider most important for utilities in strategical planning are: the quality requirement connected to the decrease of the expected number of interruptions per year and customer, in the considered time frame, and the choice for the lowest cost strategy. The authors have formulated on purpose a new dynamic optimization algorithm to treat hard MO problems such as the one of strategical planning. The algorithm is a MO version of the ant colony search based on the concept of Pareto optimality. Namely, it works with as many colonies of ants as many objectives the problem presents and it is conceptually divided in two different phases a forward phase, in which single objectives and local increments are prized and a backward phase in which Pareto optimal solutions are prized (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8253656
22 Development of electricity trading strategies under NETA using evolutionary algorithms and game theory
Author(s): J. Yin, Y. Li (Affiliation: Dept. of Electron. & Electr. Eng., Glasgow Univ., UK) Journal: Syst. Sci. (Poland), vol.29, no.3, p.139-51 (2003) Publisher: Wroclaw Tech. Univ. Press, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0137-1223 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The energy crisis happening in California and problems emerging in other electricity power markets across the world have led to more collusions and price tricks among energy companies and have motivated research into strategic gaming behaviors seen on power markets. Britain's power market trades physically and economically similar to that of California. Power generation companies in the U.K. make an effort to attempt gaming strategies in trading. This paper explores a hybrid game theory and an evolutionary computing method to study the possibility and impact of market manipulation in the U.K. power markets and hence to search for an optimal trading strategy for the best profit (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8253107
1.2 Power System Planning and Layout

23 Next day load curve forecasting using recurrent neural network structure
Author(s): T. Senjyu, P. Mandal, K. Uezato (Affiliation: Fac. of Eng., Univ. of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan), T. Funabashi Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151, no.3, p.388-94 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text
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25 Short-term load forecasting using neural network with principal component analysis
Author(s): Xin-Chen Guo (Affiliation: Coll. of Comput. Sci. & Technol., Jilin Univ., Changchun, China), Zhou-Yi Chen, Hong-Wei Ge, Yan-Chun Liang Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, China Conference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 3365-9 vol.6 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: A neural-network-based approach for short-term load forecasting of electrical power is proposed. The principal component analysis (PCA) technique is used to reduce the original electric load variables to several characteristic variables. A single parameter dynamic search algorithm (SPDS) is employed to train the neural network. Since the training sample sets can be chosen before forecasting, the interference of the non-correlative samples for the forecasting can be avoided. The effectiveness and the feasibility of on line forecasting of the proposed method are examined using simulated experiments (12 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254295
Abstract: The surplus transient energy (STE) is formed during the period of fault in power system. STE leads to the oscillation of generator and can be used to reflect the degree of the stability lost. The transient energy (TE) is equal to the remainder energy when the dissipation energy is subtracted from STE. TE is used as one proof to verify the effect of one stability control law in the paper. The effect on TE caused by the governor system of turbine generator and the turbine governor additional H control (TGAHC), is analyzed. The results show that it is helpful to reduce TE by using the control of the turbine governor system and TGAHC. It is proved that TE is reduced more quickly by GAHDC. And GAHDC is helpful to improve the stability of power system. The conclusion is also proved by simulating tests (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247392
28 Research on object-oriented communication system for power system
telecontrol
26 Fuzzy hidden Markov predictor in electric load forecasting

Author(s): M.A. Teixeira, G. Zaverucha (Affiliation: Syst. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Fed. Univ. of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Conference: 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Budapest, Hungary Conference Date: 25-29 July 2004 Publication: 2004 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37541) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8359 1 Page: 315-20 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: We present a new hybrid system that merges fuzzy logic with dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN's): the fuzzy hidden Markov predictor. It is a modification of the hidden Markov model, a particular case of DBN's, in order to enable it to predict continuous values of a time series. A DBN is a Bayesian network that represents a temporal probability model. This hybrid system is applied to the task of monthly electric load single-step forecasting and successfully compared with three regression-by-discretization systems, two fuzzy hybrid systems, two Kalman filter models, and BoxJenkins and Winters exponential smoothing. The employed time series present a sudden significant changing behavior at their last years, as it occurs in an energy rationing (23 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254486
Author(s): Liu Pei-pei, Zhu Yong-li, Huang Min (Affiliation: Sch. of Comput. Sci. & Technol., North China Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China) Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31, no.5, p.59-62 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of the Journal of North China Electric Power University, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691 Document type: Journal article Abstract: A new power telecontrol communication system has been designed. The network structure model and object models of data and communication servers of the system have been established, and the model of system has been implemented with CORBA technologies. Running results of experimental system proves the validation and feasibility of the model (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247400
29 Robust decentralised load-frequency control using an iterative linear matrix inequalities algorithm
Author(s): H. Bevrani (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Osaka Univ., Japan), Y. Mitani, K. Tsuji Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151, no.3, p.347-54 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The load-frequency control (LFC) problem has been one of the major subjects in electric power system design/ operation and is becoming much more significant today in accordance with increasing size, changing structure and complexity of interconnected power systems. In practice LFC systems use simple proportional-integral (PI) controllers. However, since the PI controller parameters are usually tuned based on classical or trial-and-error approaches, they are incapable of obtaining good dynamical performance for a wide range of operating conditions and various load changes scenarios in a multi-area power system. For this problem, the decentralised LFC synthesis is formulated as an H-control problem and is solved using an iterative linear matrix inequalities algorithm to design of robust PI controllers in the multi-area power systems. A three-area power system example with a wide range of load changes is given to illustrate the proposed approach. The resulting controllers are shown to minimise the effect of disturbances and maintain the robust performance (24 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247533
1.3 Power System Control

27 Mechanism of governor control for improving power system stability using transient energy
Author(s): Dong Qing (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. Eng., North China Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China), Liu Li-qiang, Wei Qing, Yan Xiang-wu Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31, no.5, p.17-20 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of the Journal of North China Electric Power University, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691 Document type: Journal article
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30 A method of continuous worsening for determining the limiting operating conditions of power systems from the view point of static stability
Author(s): V.I. Tarasov Journal: Elektrichestvo (Russia), no.9, p.12-18 (2004) Publisher: Editor, Elektrichestvo, Russia Language: Russian ISSN: 0013-5380 Document type: Journal article Abstract: A method of continuous worsening is presented, whose purpose is to determine the limiting operating conditions of a power system from the viewpoint of static (aperiodic) stability on the specified path along which these operating conditions are worsened. This method automatically specifies the trajectory of worsening in the space of dependent variables (active and reactive components of the nodal voltages) in the form of a convergent power series whose coefficients are determined using the curvilinear descent method. The computation effort for calculating each coefficient in the series is equivalent to that for executing one step of the modified Newton method. The proposed method enables the limiting operating conditions on the specified path of aggravation to he determined in essentially a single step (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248385
different voltage levels in grid nodes, limited range of reactive power of compensators, discrete (step) operation of some compensators, capacitors banks for example, are taken into account in the control algorithm. Chosen results of the simulation research and obtained in industrial control system are presented in the paper (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248901
33 Sinusoidal wave frequency change
generator
with
dynamic
Author(s): P. Kielan, Z. Wysocki Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.186, p.47-56 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The following paper presents the design assumption, realization and test results for sinusoidal waveform generator enabling automatic change of frequency within the time period 1 s. Generator is dedicated to test frequency relays applied in control circuits for electrical power systems (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248908
31 Evolutionary programming constrained optimal power flow
based
security
34 Application of the symmetrizing system with simplified structure to symmetrization of the three-phase four-wire system supplied from nonideal periodic nonsinusoidal voltage source
Author(s): K. Debowski, M. Pasko (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotech. Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.186, p.83-94 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper describes the possibilities of minimization of the RMS value of phase currents in three-phase systems. The problem of symmetrization has been presented in many works and papers, mainly for three-phase systems. The paper fills the gap between earlier papers in the field of simplification of the structure of the symmetrizing system. The problem presented in the paper concerns three-phase four-wire systems with periodical nonsinusoidal voltage sources with inner impedances and asymmetrical linear three-phase loads. Symmetrization of phase system is obtained by means of connection of the symmetrizing system composed of LC oneports. Their structure is determined as a result of the synthesis process. After symmetrization currents become symmetrical and their RMS values and active power losses in source impedances become lower, but the source generates active power greater than before symmetrization. The solution of the presented problem may be obtained by means of solving of the optimization problem or by means of symmetrical components theory. In this paper the symmetrization problem has been solved by using the symmetrical components theory and compensation of reactive power for each of voltage harmonics under consideration (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248910
Author(s): P. Somasundaram, K. Kuppusamy, R.P.K. Devi (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Anna Univ., Chennai, India) Journal: Electr. Power Syst. Res. (Switzerland), vol.72, no.2, p.137-45 (1 Dec. 2004) Publisher: Elsevier, Switzerland Language: English ISSN: 0378-7796, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents an algorithm for solving security constrained optimal power flow problem through the application of evolutionary programming (EP). The controllable system quantities in the base-case state are optimised to minimize some defined objective function subject to the basecase operating constraints as well as the contingency-case security constraints. An IEEE 30-bus system is taken for investigation. The security constrained optimal power flow results obtained using EP are compared with those obtained using conventional security constrained optimal power flow. The investigations reveal that the proposed algorithm is relatively simple, reliable and efficient and suitable for on-line applications (21 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248453
32 Control of the reactive power compensators in industry power grid

Author(s): M. Hyla, K. Gierlotka (Affiliation: Inst. of Theor. & Ind. Electr. Eng., Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.187, p.61-70 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The problem of the control of reactive power compensators in multilevel industry power grid is analysed in the paper. The minimisation of active power losses caused by reactive power flows in the grid is taken as the main criterion of optimisation. Additional criterions and restrictions resulting from maintenance of the power factor in desired limits,
35 The control algorithms of active power filter in three-phase four-wire systems based on instantaneous power theory "pqr"
Author(s): M. Maciazek, M. Pasko (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotech. Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)
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Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.186, p.95-108 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In this article methods useful for determining reference compensating currents in three-phase four-wire circuits with periodic nonsinusoidal waveforms have been presented. Shunt active filtering is an effective method to eliminate current harmonics. The method of control of active power filter, which is based on "pqr" theory, has been developed. It may be applied to control compensators working in real-time. The theoretical considerations have been illustrated by a simulation example carried out for many various operating conditions (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248911
36 Dynamic modeling of unified power flow controller for a simple power system
Author(s): S. Sekhar Dash, R.P. Kumudini Devi, K. Kuppusamy (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Anna Univ., Tamilnadu, India), B.K. Panigrahi Journal: WSEAS Trans. Circuits Syst. (Greece), vol.3, no.2, p.312-17 (April 2004) Publisher: WSEAS, Greece Language: English ISSN: 1109-2734 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to develop a dynamic model of unified power flow controller (UPFC). This model can also be used to represent the system with a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) or a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). The UPFC is a typical FACTS (flexible AC transmission systems) controller playing a vital role as a stability aid for small and large transient disturbances in an interconnected power system. The real and reactive power in a transmission line can be instantaneously controlled by UPFC, which is a pair of backto-back power electronic converters. The detailed system structure and design procedures of the conventional PI controller are addressed and discussed. Comprehensive computer simulations have been carried out for STATCOM SSSC and UPFC in a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250061
Editor(s): F.Yin, J.Wang, C.Guo Conference: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings, Dalian, China Conference Date: 19-21 Aug. 2004 Publication: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. Vol.3174)) Publisher: Springer-Verlag, Germany, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 3 540 22843 8 Page: 188-93 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have found many potential applications in power systems operation and control recently. This paper presents a categorization of the main significant applications of neural networks, which includes power system controller design, power system security assessment and load forecasting. It is desired that they are helpful to the construction of more efficient, robust ANNs to solve a broader range of problems in power systems (18 refs.) Inspec No.: 8253731
39
Output feedback passivity-based control of facts
Author(s): J. De Leon-Morales (Affiliation: Programa Doctoral en Ingenieria Electr., Univ. Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Mexico), G. Espinosa-Perez, P. Maya-Ortiz Editor(s): F.Allgower Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany Conference Date: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institut fur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page: 1319-23 Vol.3 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In this paper an output feedback controller is designed for the thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) aimed at enhancing power system stability. The closed loop system is completed by considering a damping injection passivity-based controller and a nonlinear observer. It is shown, by using Lyapunov arguments, the asymptotic stability properties of the closed loop system (20 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254025
37
Matlab/S-function simulation based on UPFC
40 Robust power system transient enhancement: a global control approach
stability
Author(s): Yang Dong-jiao (Affiliation: Dept. of OverhighVoltage, Chongqing Electr. Power Co., China), Lei Shao-lan, Zhou Lin Journal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.22-52 (2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The main function and modeling method of Sfunction are presented. Simulation result indicates that based on S-function in Matlab the model can greatly reduce the computation time needed (2 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251305
38 Recent developments on applications of neural networks to power systems operation and control: an overview
Author(s): Chuangxin Guo, Quanyuan Jian (Affiliation: Coll. of Electr. Eng., Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China), Xiu Cao, Yijia Cao
IEE, 2005
Author(s): Y. Wang, G.H. Zhang (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore), D.J. Hill Editor(s): F.Allgower Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany Conference Date: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institut fur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page: 1325-30 Vol.3 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The nonlinearities and parameter uncertainties of a power system and the system behaviour following a severe disturbance preclude the use of linear control techniques. In this paper, a robust controller for transient stability enhancement is developed using a global control approach. The nonlinear power system model is first linearized over the whole operating region by using the direct feedback linearization (DFL) technique. After linearization, the system model can be treated as a linear system with large parameter uncertainties. Robust controllers are designed for different operating regions. Finally, in order to construct a global control
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system, the fuzzy (or heterogeneous) control technique is used to integrate the local controllers together. The singlemachine infinite-bus power system is used as an example system to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed global control system can provide superior performance in power system transient stability enhancement (16 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254026
2.0 Power Transmission, Distribution and Supply

43 Measurement of harmonics/inter-harmonics of time-varying frequencies
Author(s): M. Karimi-Ghartemani, M.R. Iravani (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Ont., Canada) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.2331 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: A novel method of extraction and measurement of individual harmonics of a signal with time-varying frequency is presented. The proposed method is based on a nonlinear, adaptive mechanism. Compared with the well-established techniques such as DFT, the proposed method offers (i) higher degree of accuracy, (ii) structural/performance robustness, and (iii) frequency-adaptivity. The structural simplicity of the algorithm renders it suitable for both software and hardware implementations. The limitation of the proposed method as compared with DFT-based methods is its slower transient response. Based on simulation studies, performance of the method is presented and its accuracy and response time are compared with a DFT-based method (18 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250529
41 Guaranteeing dynamic performance in nonlinear non-smooth power systems

Author(s): V. Donde (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL, USA), I.A. Hiskens Editor(s): F.Allgower Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany Conference Date: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institut fur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page: 1331-6 Vol.3 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Performance specifications place restrictions on the dynamic response of many systems, including power systems. It is often convenient to know parameter values that induce limiting behaviour, i.e., force the system to just meet the specification. This limiting behaviour is a form of grazing bifurcation, and can be formulated as a boundary value problem. The paper develops a numerical shooting method for computing such bifurcation parameter values, and an optimization algorithm for finding bifurcation values that are closest to a given parameter set (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254027
44 Electromagnetic transients simulation models for accurate representation of switching losses and thermal performance in power electronic systems
Author(s): A.D. Rajapakse, A.M. Gole (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Canada), P.L. Wilson Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.31927 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents an electrothermal model of an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switch suitable for the simulation of switching and conduction losses in a large class of voltage-sourced converter (VSC)-based flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices. The model is obtained by mathematical derivation of loss equations from the known submicrosecond device switching characteristics, and through the selection of appropriate differential equation parameters for representing the thermal performance. The model is useful in determining the device's heat generation, its junction temperature, as well as the cooling performance of the connected heat sinks. The model provides accurate results without recourse to an unreasonably small time step (15 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250537
42 Discrete-time control design for transmission between two infinite buses
an
HVDC
Author(s): L. Teppoz, G. Bornard, G. Besancon (Affiliation: Lab. d'Autom. de Grenoble, Saint-Martin D'Heres, France) Editor(s): F.Allgower Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany Conference Date: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institut fur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page: 1337-42 Vol.3 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper proposes a discrete-time control scheme for an HVDC system composed by two infinite buses and a transmission line interconnected together through VSV actuators. The discontinuities induced by these actuators have been taken into consideration in the study. The paper deals, on the one hand, with the DC bus voltage regulation and the DC current tracking, in order to guarantee some given power transmission and on the other hand with the regulation of the reactive powers in order to guarantee unity power factor. These targets are achieved by a linear optimal control of the line from the currents generated by the converters at each end, and appropriate regulation of those currents (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254028
45 Sensitivity of personal computers to voltage sags and short interruptions

Author(s): S.Z. Djokic (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Manchester Univ., UK), J. Desmet, G. Vanalme, J.V. Milanovic, K. Stockman Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.37583 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article
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Abstract: This paper discusses the sensitivity of personal computers (PCs) to voltage sags and short interruptions on the basis of the extensive test results. Existing standards and previously published works are reviewed, and a description of a used testing procedure is presented. The following tests were performed: sensitivity to rectangular voltage sags with ideal and nonideal supply characteristics, and sensitivity to voltage sags caused by the starting of large motors. The results obtained emphasize the importance of clear definition of the malfunction criteria for this equipment (24 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250543
the effects of filter parameter detuning and furnace loading uncertainty (16 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250547
48 VSC transmission operating under unbalanced AC conditions - analysis and control design
Author(s): Lie Xu, B.R. Andersen, P. Cartwright (Affiliation: Alstom T&D Ltd., Stafford, UK) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.42734 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents an analysis and a new control design of a voltage-source converter (VSC) transmission system operating under unbalanced network conditions. The system is analyzed in the positive and negative synchronous reference frames. The proposed control strategy contains a main controller and an auxiliary controller. The main controller is implemented in the positive d-q frame using decoupling control without involving positive/negative-sequence decomposition. The auxiliary controller is implemented in the negative-sequence d-q frame using cross-coupling control of negative-sequence current. Simulation results using the SIMULINK power system blockset show good performance of the proposed control strategy for a 300-MW 300-kV dc VSC transmission system during both balanced conditions and unbalanced conditions as may be caused by a solid singlephase-to-ground fault (12 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250549
46 Evaluation of line voltage drop in presence of unbalance, harmonics, and interharmonics: Theory and applications
Author(s): S. Leva, A.P. Morando, D. Zaninelli (Affiliation: Electr. Eng. Dept., Politecnico di Milano, Italy) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.3906 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper deals with the line voltage drop calculation in presence of disturbances in the electric network, like unbalance, harmonic, and interharmonic components. The Park approach permits to define a calculation expression with a structure very close to the classical one typically employed in case of balanced systems and also permits to underline the role of the imaginary power that quantifies in one term only the effects of disturbances on the voltage drop. In order to text the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, two applications on real industrial plants are presented in the second part of the paper. The comparison with the classical theory and calculation made by using commercial software gives rise to interesting comments and discussion on the proposed approach (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250545
49 Two control schemes to enhance the dynamic performance of the STATCOM and SSSC
Author(s): A.H. Norouzi, A.M. Sharaf (Affiliation: Electr. & Comput. Eng. Dept., Univ. of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.43542 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The paper presents an in-depth investigation of the dynamic performance of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and the Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) theoretically and by exact digital simulation. A 24pulse GTO dc-ac converter model is designed to represent the operation of the STATCOM and SSSC within a power transmission system. Two major factors of the STATCOM instability are analyzed and a new Automatic Gain Controller (AGC) is proposed to ensure the stable operation of the STATCOM under various load conditions. It is shown that the Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) inherent delay has a great effect on the dynamic operation of the SSSC and a new auxiliary regulator is proposed to enhance the dynamic performance of the SSSC. The proposed control schemes are validated by digital simulation (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250550
47 Optimal multiobjective planning of large-scale passive harmonic filters using hybrid differential evolution method considering parameter and loading uncertainty
Author(s): Ying-Pin Chang, Chi-Jui Wu (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Taiwan Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Taipei, Taiwan) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.40816 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper is used to investigate the optimal multiobjective planning of large-scale passive harmonic filters for a multibus system under abundant harmonic current sources using the hybrid differential evolution (HDE) method. The migrant and accelerating operations embedded in HDE are used to overcome traps of local optimal solutions and problems of time consumption. The design purposes are to minimize the total demand distortion of harmonic currents and total harmonic distortion of voltages at each bus. Filters loss, fundamental reactive power compensation, and constraints of individual harmonics are also considered. The search for the global optimal solution is applied to the harmonic problems in a steel plant, where both ac and dc arc furnaces are used and a static var compensator is installed. Three design schemes are compared to demonstrate the performance of HDE. Finally, expectations of objective function are used to present
IEE, 2005
50 Second harmonic components in power system voltages and currents

Author(s): G.T. Heydt (Affiliation: Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, USA), Y. Liu Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.5213 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text
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Document type: Journal article Abstract: This letter contains an analysis of voltages and currents in the second harmonic of the power frequency. Explanation is given for the harmful effects of these harmonics, including unequal positive and negative peak values. Simulation and laboratory results are reported (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250562
51 Applying distance relay for voltage sag source detection

Author(s): A.K. Pradhan, A. Routray (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Indian Inst. of Technol., Kharagpur, India) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.52931 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper proposes the application of distance relay information for a voltage sag source detection problem. It is found that the magnitude and angle of impedance before and after the sag event clearly indicate on which side of the powerquality (PQ) monitor, the sag source lies. The required information on impedance can be obtained by the PQ monitor using the estimates of distance relay at that point or applying the algorithm of such relay (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250565
Document type: Journal article Abstract: In this paper, the dynamic characteristics, stability control and analysis of multiinfeed HVDC transmission system are reviewed. The complicated AC-to-DC and DC-to-DC system interactions in multiinfeed HVDC systems are discussed. Based on the state-of-the-art research outputs, the stability and control of multiinfeed HVDC systems are comprehensively summarized with proposals of further research presented. The analysis methods for multiinfeed HVDC systems are also assessed with existing problems and further improvements suggested (48 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247389
55 A new approach to locate the voltage sag source using real current component
Author(s): N. Hamzah, A. Mohamed, A. Hussain (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Electron. & Syst. Eng., Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia ) Journal: Electr. Power Syst. Res. (Switzerland), vol.72, no.2, p.113-23 (1 Dec. 2004) Publisher: Elsevier, Switzerland Language: English ISSN: 0378-7796, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Voltage sag can cause hours of downtime, substantial loss of product and also can attribute to malfunctions, instabilities and shorter lifetime of the load. Accurate voltage sag source location can help to minimize the loss and problems caused by voltage sag in a power distribution system. This paper proposes a new method to locate the source of voltage sag in a power distribution system. The proposed method uses the polarity of the real current component to determine the sag location relative to the monitoring point. The product of the RMS current and the power factor angle at the monitoring point is employed for the sag source location. A graph of this product against time is plotted. The voltage sag source location is determined by examining the polarity of the RMS current at the beginning of the sag. The proposed method has been verified by simulations and the results are proven to be in agreement when compared with the slope of system trajectory method (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248452
52 Discussion of "Multiresolution S-transform-based fuzzy recognition system for power quality events"
Author(s): C.R. Pinnegar (Affiliation: Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Calgary, Alta., Canada) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.53940 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: For original article by M.V. Chilukuri and P.K. Dash see ibid., vol.19, no.1, p.323-30, January 2004 (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250574
53 Closure on "Multiresolution S-transform-based fuzzy recognition system for power quality events"
Author(s): M.V. Chilukuri (Affiliation: Fac. of Eng., Multimedia Univ., Cyberjaya, Malaysia), P.K. Dash Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.540 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: For original article by M.V. Chilukuri and P.K. Dash see ibid., vol.19, no.1, p.323-30, January 2004 and for discussion by C.R. Pinnegar see ibid., vol.20, no.1, p.539-40, January 2005 Inspec No.: 8250575
56 Harmonic modeling of linear and nonlinear loads based on Kalman filtering algorithm
Author(s): S.A. Soliman, R.A. Alammari (Affiliation: Electr. Eng. Dept., Qatar Univ., Doha, Qatar) Journal: Electr. Power Syst. Res. (Switzerland), vol.72, no.2, p.147-55 (1 Dec. 2004) Publisher: Elsevier, Switzerland Language: English ISSN: 0378-7796, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Most harmonic nonlinear load modeling techniques developed in the last two decades, assume that the load connected to the load bus has a constant admittance, inductive or capacitive, which depends on the mode of operation of the load (constant R, L, and C). This is not true, since the loads in most cases are nonlinear and they inject harmonics into the system. This paper presents a new application of Kalman filtering (KF) to nonlinear load modeling in the presence or absence of harmonics. The proposed technique uses directly available samples of the load voltage and current to estimate, and track the variation of load parameters. The proposed algorithm can be used directly online for harmonics load modeling, as well as, to track the load power active and reactive. The effects of the critical
54 Dynamic characteristics, stability control and analysis of multiinfeed HVDC transmission systems
Author(s): Cai Ze-xiang, Zhu Hao-jun (Affiliation: Coll. of Electr. Power, South China Univ. of Technol., Guangzhou, China), Bai Xue-feng, Ni Yi-xin Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31, no.5, p.1-8 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of the Journal of North China Electric Power University, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691
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parameters on the behavior of the proposed algorithm are discussed. Results for different simulated examples and practical examples from field measurements are reported in the paper. The conclusion drawn from these examples is that the algorithm is successful in estimating the load parameters (12 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248454
57 Power conditioning system with SMES - a way to provide high power quality
Author(s): T. Biskup (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland), C. Buhrer, B. Grzesik, J. Krijgsman, J. Michalak, S. Pasko, M. Zygmanowski Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.192, p.29-38 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Power quality is nowadays one of the most important issues in energy conversion and power distribution systems. Industry processes especially controlled by power electronics elements and devices are sources of reactive power and higher current harmonics and need to ensure continuity of supplying voltage. Power conditioning systems (PCS) with superconducting magnetic energy system (SMES) is one of possible way to ensure high power quality. Description of whole system, possible operation conditions and applications are described in the paper. Proper design of PCS is provided by simulation and experimental results presented in the paper (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248868
Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. Vol.3174)) Publisher: Springer-Verlag, Germany, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 3 540 22843 8 Page: 587-94 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper presents an optimized shunt hybrid power quality conditioner (SHPQC) for the compensation of harmonics and reactive power in power distribution network. A novel signal processing technique based on the adaptive neural network algorithm is applied to determine harmonics for generating the reference signals for the current controller of the SHPQC. The conventional hysteresis current controller for the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) voltage source inverter (VSI) is replaced by a current regulated space vector pulse width modulated controller. Simulations and experimental results are presented verifying the excellent power quality improvement performance of the proposed topology while keeping the apparent power of the SHPQC minimal (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8253750
60 Harmonic detection using neural networks with conjugate gradient algorithm

Author(s): N. Yumusak, F. Temurtas (Affiliation: Dept. of Comput. Eng., Sakarya Univ., Adapazari, Turkey), R. Gunturkun Editor(s): C.Bussler, D.Fensel Conference: Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications. 11th International Conference, AIMSA 2004. Proceedings, Varna, Bulgaria Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Publication: Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications. 11th International Conference, AIMSA 2004. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence Vol.3192) Publisher: Springer-Verlag, Germany, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 3 540 22959 0 Page: 304-11 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In this study, the Elman's recurrent neural networks using conjugate gradient algorithm is used for harmonic detection. The feed forward neural networks are also used for comparison. The conjugate gradient algorithm is compared with back propagation (BP) and resilient BP (RP) for training of the neural networks. The distorted wave including 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th harmonics were simulated and used for training of the neural networks. The distorted wave including up to 25th harmonics were prepared for testing of the neural networks. The Elman's recurrent and feed forward neural networks were used to recognize each harmonic. The results of the Elman's recurrent neural networks are better than those of the feed forward neural networks. The conjugate gradient algorithm provides faster convergence than BP and RP algorithms in the harmonics detection (16 refs.) Inspec No.: 8253888
58 Non-communication protection for transmission lines based on RBF neural network

Author(s): Chen Shao-hua, Yu Yao-quan, Zheng Shuai, Ye Jie-hong (Affiliation: Guangdong Univ. of Technol., Guangzhou, China) Journal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.9-48 (2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792 Document type: Journal article Abstract: On the basis of fault analysis, this paper presents the theory of using artificial neural network to implement the noncommunication fast protection in transmission lines. It consists of the instantaneous protection at the protective range of 85% and the sequence tripping protection beyond the protective range of 85% . The network, a three-layer RRF model, consists of ANN1 determining fault directions, ANN2 identifying fault types and fault phase, ANN3 tripping breaker instantaneously and ANN4 detecting trip situation of an adjacent breaker. Simulation results of all types of faults verified the model (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251301
59 An optimized shunt hybrid power quality conditioner based on an adaptive neural network for power quality improvement in power distribution network
Author(s): Ming Zhang, Hui Sun, Jiyan Zou, Hang Su (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Dalian Univ. of Technol., China) Editor(s): F.Yin, J.Wang, C.Guo Conference: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings, Dalian, China Conference Date: 19-21 Aug. 2004 Publication:
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2.1 Network and Transmission Line Calculations

61 Exact equations for voltage evaluation based on Tellegen's theorem and adjoint networks
Author(s): C.M.S.C. Jesus, L.A.F.M. Ferreira (Affiliation: DEEC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal) Journal: WSEAS Trans. Circuits Syst. (Greece), vol.3, no.2, p.356-66 (April 2004) Publisher: WSEAS, Greece Language: English ISSN: 1109-2734
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Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents new equations for power system voltage evaluation based on Tellegen's theorem and adjoint networks. The adjoint networks model the power system passive network, the load or PQ buses, the generator or PV buses, and the reference bus. The adjoint solutions are then used as coefficients to the new equations. These new equations are exact. The power system can be submitted to changes in the independent variables, i.e. changes in network configuration, changes in loads, and changes in the values specified for generation. Those changes cause changes in voltages. The equations directly relate the changes in the independent variables with the corresponding changes in voltages. An illustrative example, including input data and numerical results for the adjoint solutions and for verification of the new equations and figures to illustrate the numerical solution, is presented (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250067
harmonic distribution current sources the third, fifth, and seventh harmonic components. According to the results obtained and considering the impacts caused in the distribution grid, a distributed filtering strategy is proposed using passive-tuned filters of low costs to be installed in the customers (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250544
64 Voltage control with inverter-based distributed generation

Author(s): M.H.J. Bollen (Affiliation: STRI AB, Ludvika, Sweden), A. Sannino Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.51920 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This letter proposes a method to use the voltagesource inverters with distributed generation to control the voltage in a distribution network. A droop line is used to prevent hunting between controllers. Analytical expressions are derived for the voltage along a feeder with uniformly distributed load/generation. The proposed algorithm will alleviate the voltage-control problem reported when installing distributed generation (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250561
2.2 Distribution Networks

62 A practical method for assessing the effectiveness of vector surge relays for distributed generation applications
Author(s): W. Freitas (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada), Zhenyu Huang, Wilsun Xu Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.5763 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents a simple and reliable method for predicting the islanding detection performance of vector surge relays. The relay performance is characterized by a trippingtime versus power-imbalance curve. With the curve, one can determine the time taken by a vector surge relay to detect islanding for any generation-load mismatch level. The main contribution of this paper is the development of analytical formulas for directly determining the behavior of vector surge relays. As a result, efforts needed to asses the relay performance for a given distributed generation scheme can be simplified significantly. The accuracy of the formulas has been verified by extensive simulation study results (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250533
65 Protective device coordination enhancement for motor starting programs

Author(s): D.C. Yu, Haijun Liu, Hongbo Sun, Shuai Lu (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of WisconsinMilwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA), C. McCarthy Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.5357 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents an enhancement to motor starting simulation programs which allows them to analyze the motor starting effects on system protective devices. According to a given relay's operating principle, a method is presented to determine if it will trip by comparing the accumulated energy during the motor starting to the energy needed to trip the relay based on its time current characteristics curve. Under special circumstances, motor starting can cause nuisance tripping of protective devices. Hence, the protective device coordination enhancement presented here can be a useful addition to motor-starting simulation programs (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250567
63 Impacts over the distribution grid from the adoption of distributed harmonic filters on low-voltage customers
Author(s): M.Ed.L. Tostes, U.H. Bezerra, R.D.S. Silva, J.A.L. Valente, C.C.M. de Moura, T.M.M. Branco (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Fed. Univ. of Para, Brazil) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.3849 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents a study of distributed passive harmonic filter design to minimize harmonic distortions caused by nonlinear loads in residential customers. The main objectives in this study are: 1) to improve the power factor, 2) to reduce current and voltage distortions to standard limits, and 3) to reduce electrical losses. In this sense, several measurements that were carried out in some domestic customers of the metropolitan distribution grid of Belem City, in the North of Brazil, have characterized as the main
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66 Correlation among ESDD, NSDD and leakage current in distribution insulators

Author(s): G. Montoya, I. Ramirez (Affiliation: Inst. de Investigaciones Electricas, Morelos, Mexico), J.I. Montoya Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151, no.3, p.334-40 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The maintenance of distribution networks is more effective if the insulation contamination levels are known. The selection of measuring methods of pollution levels is then crucial. The relationship between several evaluation methods of pollution levels and the operating behaviour of several insulator profiles in a polluted zone is described. Laboratory tests were carried out to reproduce pollution levels found in
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the field. The quantity of non-soluble materials deposited over the insulators' surface affect the magnitude of the leakage current generated over a contaminated insulator. The relationship that defines leakage current with respect to the equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) level for a specific nonsoluble material level is almost linear, from which it is possible to develop a relationship between them for each insulator (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247524
large amounts of non-traditional generation however causes problems in a network designed for 'conventional' operation. The use of power electronics interfaces and the 'bundling' of micro-generation and loads into so-called microgrids, offers a potential solution. Each microgrid is designed to operate as a 'good citizen' or near ideal conventional load. This paper discusses the various elements of the microgrid concept and presents suggestions for some typical control strategies for the various system elements (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8249890
67 Restoration strategy for power networks using optimal supervisory control
distribution
Author(s): M.-S. Lee, J.-T. Lim (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol., South Korea) Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151, no.3, p.367-72 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: To find restoration strategies for power distribution networks (PDNs), the methodology of optimal supervisory control is applied. Allowing for the contingencies of the PDN, the authors introduce a discrete event system (DES) and assign the penalties of the states and the costs of the events of the DES. To assign the penalties and the costs, the authors assess the static security of the PDN through load flow calculations and find the loads to be supplied under the contingencies. After introducing the DES and assigning the penalties and the costs, the authors obtain the restoration strategies for the considered contingencies of the PDN using the optimal supervisor design algorithm (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247525
70 Neural networks determining injury by salt water for distribution lines

Author(s): Lixin Ma (Affiliation: Shanghai Univ. of Electr. Power, China), Hiromi Miyajima, Noritaka Shigei, Shuma Kawabata Editor(s): F.Yin, J.Wang, C.Guo Conference: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings, Dalian, China Conference Date: 19-21 Aug. 2004 Publication: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. Vol.3174)) Publisher: Springer-Verlag, Germany, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 3 540 22843 8 Page: 436-41 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Japan has so many solitary islands and wide coastal areas. In the air of these areas, there are so many grains of sea-salt. The salt grains adhere to distribution lines and damage the lines. In particular, the damage of covered electric wires is a serious problem. However, any method has not been proposed that judges if distribution lines are injured by salt water. This paper proposes a neural network method to determine injury of distribution lines by salt (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8253739
68 NFPA 99 and the NEC: the basis fora healthy electrical system
Author(s): S. Owen Journal: Electr. Constr. Maint. (USA), vol.103, no.9, p.76-9 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Intertec Publishing, USA Language: English ISSN: 0013-4260 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents the emergency system in hospitals that shall be installed and connected to the alternate power source so that all functions specified for the emergency system shall be automatically restored to operation within 10 seconds of interruption of the normal source. When installing isolated power system in critical care areas that use anesthetizing gases, we must power task illumination fixtures, selected receptacles, and fixed equipment via an individual circuit that serves no other load. Life safety branch and critical branch circuits independent of all other wiring and equipment Inspec No.: 8248393
3.0 Power Transmission Lines and Cables

71 An integro-differential equation technique for the computation of radiated EMI due to corona on HV power transmission lines
Author(s): S.K. Nayak, M.J. Thomas (Affiliation: Dept. of High Voltage Eng., Indian Inst. of Sci., Bangalore, India) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.48893 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents a novel technique for the computation of radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) levels due to corona on high-voltage (HV) transmission lines. The EMI levels computed using the present technique for various HV transmission lines from around the world matches well with the experimentally measured values, thus validating the present technique. Using the technique developed, the influence of transmission line length, distance of observation point from the line, conductor diameter as well as the transmission line configuration on the radiated EM field has been studied. It is seen that for observation points which are close to the transmission line corridor, the total radiated electric field remains almost constant for line lengths above 1500 m. For observation points which are far away, a longer length of the line needs to be considered for computation of the total electric field. In the study, it is seen that the
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69 Control of power electronic distributed generation microgrids
interfaces
in
Author(s): A. Arulampalam (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Peradeniya Univ., Sri Lanka), M. Barnes, A. Engler, A. Goodwin, N. Jenkins Journal: Int. J. Electron. (UK), vol.91, no.9, p.503-23 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Taylor & Francis, UK Language: English ISSN: 0020-7217, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Technological advances and environmental pressures are driving the interconnection of renewable energy sources to the distribution network. The interconnection of
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transmission line conductor height and line configuration have marginal influence on the radiated electric field (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250557
72
Generalized Kuroda's identity and its applications
Author(s): Liang Gui-shu, Wang Tao, Dong Hua-ying, Cui Xiang (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. Eng., North China Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China) Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31, no.5, p.12-16 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of the Journal of North China Electric Power University, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Kuroda's identities are generalized to multiconductor transmission line cases, called generalized Kuroda's identity. Based on them, the equivalent circuits for lossless multiconductor transmission lines, whose characteristic impedance distributions obey the binomial form, are derived. It can be represented with circuits consisting of two-terminal reactance elements, lossless uniform transmission lines and two-port ideal transformers. By using these equivalent circuits, the analysis of the nonuniform transmission line circuits can be easily performed and network function matrix of some nonuniform transmission lines can be derived exactly (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247391
Nb3Sn coils. Samples were extracted from coils fabricated with the wind-and-react and the react-and-wind technology, both presently under development at Fermilab. A ceramic binder is used to improve the insulation and to simplify the fabrication of coils using the wind-and-react technology. Synthetic oil is used to prevent sintering during the heat treatment of coils to be wound after reaction. In order to evaluate the effects of the ceramic binder and of the synthetic oil on the inter-strand resistance, measurements of samples extracted from coils were compared with measurements of cable stacks with varying characteristics. In this paper we describe the apparatus, the sample preparation, the measurement procedure, and the results of the first series of tests (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247292
3.1 Power Cables

75 Long-term testing and applications of high-stress MV EPR cables
Author(s): P.L. Cinquemani, F.L. Kuchta (Affiliation: Pirelli Power Cables & Syst., Lexington, SC, USA), H.L. Hayes, G.E. Chavarria, C.E. Lindler Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.4-10 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: High-stress design 35-kV ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)-insulated cables with 1.14-mm (45-mil) wall reduction have been in service for more than ten years. In the mid 1990s, an extensive cable testing program was initiated to demonstrate that high-stress designs up to 4 kV/mm (101.6 V/ mil) exhibit a significant electrical and mechanical safety margin to operate on typical utility network systems. Investigations were also undertaken to demonstrate the suitability of accessories for high-stress designs. This paper will present the results of six-year, long-term wet electrical testing conducted to demonstrate that with proper design, the aging performance of standard wall and high-stress design cables provide satisfactory results and suitable performance for the intended application. Additionally, utility field experience is presented on 35- and 15-kV cables operating at high stress. The experience for these 15-kV medium-voltage EPR cable designs employ the highest recommended stress for cables of this class, as well as taking into account the complete system performance (22 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250526
73 Transmission sensitive loads
line
performance
with
voltage
Author(s): K. Ramalingam (Affiliation: Airports Authority of India, Safdarjung Airport, New Delhi, India), C.S. Indulkar Journal: Int. J. Electr. Eng. Educ. (UK), vol.41, no.1, p.64-70 (Jan. 2004) Publisher: Manchester University Press, UK Language: English ISSN: 0020-7209 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In this paper, transmission line performance with voltage sensitive loads is studied. Three types of load, namely constant power, constant current and constant impedance loads are considered, individually as well as in a mixed combination, and it is shown that the transmission line loss is highest with the constant power load and lowest with constant impedance load. The line loss for mixed load is higher than that for constant power load when the constant power component is more pronounced in the mixed load (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8249872
74 Measurement of inter-strand contact resistance in epoxy impregnated Nb3Sn Rutherford cables

Author(s): G. Ambrosio, E. Barzi, D. Chichili, L. Elementi, A.V. Zlobin (Affiliation: Fermi Nat. Accel. Lab., USA ) Conference: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC, Anchorage, AK, USA Conference Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Sponsor(s): Argonne Nat. Lab.; Cryofab Inc.; Cryomagnetics Inc.; Cryomech Inc.; Fermi Nat. Accelerator Lab.; Oak Ridge Nat. Lab.; Sci. Instruments Inc.; U.S. Dept. of Energy Journal: AIP Conf. Proc. (USA), no.711, pt.2, p.828-35 (2004) Publisher: AIP, USA Language: English ISSN: 0094-243X Document type: Conference paper in journal Abstract: An apparatus for the measurement, under transverse pressure, of the inter-strand contact resistance in epoxy-impregnated Nb3Sn Rutherford cables has been recently assembled at Fermilab. Procedures have been developed to instrument and measure samples extracted from
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3.2 Overhead Lines

76 Nonlinear finite-element analysis of stranded conductors with variable bending stiffness using the tangent stiffness method
Author(s): J.-B. Dastous (Affiliation: Inst. de Recherche d'Hydro-Quebec, Varennes, Que., Canada) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.32838 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Stranded conductors are widely used structural components. Owing to their construction in layers, their bending stiffness may vary according to their tension, curvature and deformation history. Recently, a sound and practical model of variable bending stiffness using the secant
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stiffness method became available. Based on the same physical assumptions, this paper presents the development of a variable bending stiffness model using the tangent stiffness method and its implementation in a classical finite-element formulation adapted for nonlinear analysis under arbitrary loading. This extends its use to a general finite-element program. Comparisons with static and dynamic tests on shortspan substation conductors show that the model computes a representative bending stiffness for such cases and yields adequate predictions of tractions generated at their ends, in both static and dynamic regimes (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250538
77 Dynamic thermal rating of overhead transmission lines

Author(s): Siwym E, K. Zmuda Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.186, p.25-45 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Making the most of load capacity of the existing transmission lines is of great importance. Real value of the load capacity depends significantly on actual weather conditions. Therefore it is a dynamic value and can change in a wide range. Principles of the static and dynamic line rating are described in the paper. Outcomes of two-year-monitoring on an existing 220-kV transmission line are also presented. Results of analysis taking into account the risk of permissible temperature exceeding are described. Principles of line rating as a function of ambient temperature are also given (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248907
Author(s): C.S. Engelbrecht, R. Hartings, J. Lundquist (Affiliation: STRI AB, Ludvika, Sweden) Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151, no.3, p.321-6 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Statistical methods for the dimensioning and specification of insulators with respect to pollution have formed the subject of many studies. However, such methods are not in widespread use due to its perceived complexity. A simple method is introduced for the dimensioning and verification of insulators with respect to polluted conditions, together with the detailed statistical method on which it was based. The statistical requirements for site assessment and the mathematical equations for the evaluation of flashover risk are presented. This basis is then used to obtain a simplified procedure to determine the minimum insulator flashover characteristic that will provide an adequate flashover performance. The selection of an appropriate test severity level for laboratory verification tests is discussed and equations are provided to calculate the test severity level from site severity measurements (15 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247528
80 Experience in the prevention of frost heave of pile foundations of transmission towers under northern conditions
Author(s): A.L. Lyazgin, V.S. Lyashenko, S.V. Ostroborodov, V.G. Ol'shanskii, R.M. Bavasan, K.P. Shevtsov, G.P. Pustovoit (Affiliation: Energoset'proekt Inst., Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Russia) Journal: Power Technol. Eng. (USA), vol.38, no.2, p.124-6 (March-April 2004) Publisher: Kluwer Academic/Consultants Bureau, USA Language: English ISSN: 1570-145X, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Experience in the protection of pole foundations of transmission line objects from frost heave on the north of the Tyumen region with the help of local cryosystems is described. A method for controlling the main factor determining the stability and reliability of operation of pole foundations of structures under unfavorable natural and climatic conditions is considered. Steady optimum temperature conditions of foundation soils are maintained for the entire period of existence of the object. A system for online control of the temperature conditions of soils of pile foundations of transmission towers and substation equipment and for their protection from frost heave with the help of seasonally functioning cooling devices (SCD) and thermal stabilizers (TS) is developed. Recommendations are given on effective use of the developed method. Data on commissioning of local cryosystems at objects served by "Northern Electric Networks" of the Tyumen'energo Company are presented. The works were performed in cooperation with the department of cryology of Moscow State University and VNIIgaz (2 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251507
3.3 Supports, Insulators and Connectors

78 Frequency characteristics of leakage current waveforms of a string of suspension insulators
Author(s): T. Suda (Affiliation: Electr. Power Eng. Res. Lab., Central Res. Inst. of Electr. Power Ind., Kanagawa, Japan) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.4817 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: In order to establish a method for monitoring whether flashover occurs or not in a string of insulators based on leakage current waveforms and their frequency characteristics, the leakage current waveforms and the frequency characteristics of a string of 120-kN suspension insulators were investigated with artificial contamination tests and field tests. As a result, it was found that leakage current waveforms become nearly the symmetrical wave when strong local arcs occur; hence, the intensity of the odd order of harmonic components, e.g., 50, 150, and 250 Hz, is high. Furthermore, it was clarified that the transition of the leakage current waveforms until flashover occurs is classified into six stages and that a threshold exists in the magnitude of peak leakage current and prominent odd-order harmonic components by which the occurrence of flashover can be predicted (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250556
4.0 Power System Protection

81 A new hybrid current sensor for high-voltage applications
79 Statistical dimensioning of insulators with respect to polluted conditions
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Author(s): J.D. Bull, N.A.F. Jaeger (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada), F. Rahmatian Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.32-8 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This article presents a new hybrid electro-optic/ inductive current sensor for metering and protective relaying applications. The sensor combines a Rogowski coil with a passive integrator located in the high-voltage environment. An integrated-optic Pockels cell (IOPC) having integrated electrodes provides optical isolation. Test results from 30 A to 30 kA show the sensor to be highly linear, exceeding 0.2% linearity standards. Temperature cycling tests show the ratio error to have a maximum value of 0.3% over the -30 to +70C range (22 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250530
element method for grounding analysis in uniform and layered soil models . First, the main highlights of this boundary element numerical approach are summarized, and next, a new methodology for the transferred potential analysis is presented. Finally, some examples by using the geometry of real grounding systems in different cases of transferred potentials are presented (16 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250539
84
Parameters of lightning strokes: a review
82 An enhanced zone 3 algorithm of a distance relay using transient components and state diagram
Author(s): Chul-Hwan Kim, Jeong-Yong Heo (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Sung Kyun Kwan Univ., Suwon, South Korea), R.K. Aggarwal Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.3946 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Zone 3 of a distance relay is used to provide the remote backup protection in case of the failure of the primary protection. However, the risk of maloperation under stressed conditions such as heavy loading, voltage, and transient instability is quite high. Zone 3 is used in combination with the derivatives of the voltage and current, etc. to prevent maloperation. At times, the impedance characteristics that restrict the tripping area of relay are used to avoid maloperation due to load encroachment. This paper presents a novel zone 3 scheme based on combining the steady-state components (i.e., 60 Hz) and the transient components (TCs) using a state diagram that visualizes the sequence of studies that emanate from the sequence of events. The simulation results show that the novel zone 3 distance relay elements using the proposed method operate correctly for the various events (19 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250531
83 Analysis of transferred Earth potentials grounding systems: a BEM numerical approach
in
Author(s): P. Chowdhuri, J.G. Anderson, W.A. Chisholm, T.E. Field, M. Ishii, J.A. Martinez, M.B. Marz, J. McDaniel, T.R. McDermott, A.M. Mousa, T. Narita, D.K. Nichols, T.A. Short Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.34658 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The paper presents the statistical data of the significant parameters of lightning flash, collected by many researchers over many years around the world. The significant parameters of a lightning flash are: peak current, waveshape and velocity of the return stroke, the total flash charge and I2dt. Negative first strokes have traditionally been considered to produce the worst stress on the system insulation. The subsequent negative strokes have significantly lower peak current but shorter wavefronts. This may stress the system insulation more. The positive strokes have about the same median current value as the negative first strokes and longer fronts, thus producing less stress. However, their duration is longer than that of the negative strokes. Therefore, the system insulation may be damaged because of the lower volt-time characteristic for long-duration waves. The positive strokes may also cause more thermal damage because of their significantly higher charge and I2dt. The relationship between the return-stroke velocity and the current peak is a significant parameter in estimating lightning-induced voltages and also in estimating the peak current from the radiated electromagnetic fields of the lightning channel. For better accuracy, the current and the velocity should be measured simultaneously. Better methods to measure the stroke current need to be developed. Correlation coefficient between various lightning parameters is another important parameter which will affect the analysis significantly. Lightning characteristics should be classified according to geographical regions and seasons instead of assuming these characteristics to be globally uniform (37 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250540
Author(s): I. Colominas, F. Navarrina, M. Casteleiro (Affiliation: Dept. of Appl. Math., Univ. of A Coruna, Spain) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.33945 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: In this work, a numerical formulation is presented for the analysis of a common problem in electrical engineering practice, that is, the existence of transferred earth potentials in a grounding installation for metallic structures or conductors connected or not connected to the grounding grid . The transfer of potentials between the grounding area to outer points by buried conductors, such as communication or signal circuits, neutral wires, pipes, rails, or metallic fences, may produce serious safety problems. In recent years, the authors have developed a numerical technique based on the boundary
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85 High-impedance fault detection using discrete wavelet transform and frequency range and RMS conversion
Author(s): T.M. Lai, L.A. Snider, E. Lo, D. Sutanto (Affiliation: Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., China ) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.397407 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: High-impedance faults (HIFs) are faults which are difficult to detect by overcurrent protection relays. Various pattern recognition techniques have been suggested, including the use of wavelet transform . However this method cannot indicate the physical properties of output coefficients using the wavelet transform. In this paper we propose to use the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) as well as frequency
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range and rms conversion to apply a pattern recognition based detection algorithm for electric distribution high impedance fault detection. The aim is to recognize the converted rms voltage and current values caused by arcs usually associated with HIF. The analysis using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with the conversion yields measurement voltages and currents which are fed to a classifier for pattern recognition. The classifier is based on the algorithm using nearest neighbor rule approach. It is proposed that this method can function as a decision support software package for HIF identification which could be installed in an alarm system (23 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250546
Author(s): M.M. Eissa (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Helwan Univ., Egypt), O.P. Malik Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.538 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: For original article by Z.Q. Bo, X.Z. Dong, and B.R.J. Caunce see ibid., vol.18, no.1, p.43-9, January 2003 (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250570
90 Discussion of "Adaptive noncommunication protection for power lines BO scheme 2 - the instant operation approach"
Author(s): M.M. Eissa (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Hewlan Univ., Helwan, Egypt) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.538 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: For original article by Z.Q. Bo see ibid., vol.17, no.1, p.92-6, January 2002 (1 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250571
86 On the use of Prony method to locate faults in loop systems by utilizing modal parameters of fault current
Author(s): M.M. Tawfik (Affiliation: Univ. of Zagazig, Egypt), M. M. Morcos Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.5324 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: A method utilizing prony algorithm and artificial neural networks (ANNs) is presented to locate faults on loop systems. Fault simulation is implemented using the ATPEMTP. The loop system is represented by a line with generator units on both ends. The proposed method accounts for the anticipated changes in the traveling-wave characteristics. Proposed modifications are limited to the type of ANN inputs. The modified scheme provided good accuracy in locating the faults (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250566
91 Method to judge capacitance current change in resonant ground system

Author(s): Xu Yu-qin, Shao Jian, Ding Bo (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. Eng., North China Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China) Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31, no.5, p.9-58 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of the Journal of North China Electric Power University, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In resonant ground systems, both asymmetric fault of high-voltage side and asymmetry of load cause the asymmetry of system electrical source voltage. Then they change neutral displacement voltage. The automatic tracking compensating device of Peterson coil cannot truly judge whether the capacitance current in power system changes. This paper analyzes the reasons that asymmetric fault of highvoltage side and the asymmetry of load affect the neutral displacement voltage. The equation of phase-to-ground voltages, total phase-to-ground capacitance and neutral current is obtained with symmetrical-component method. Based on this, a method to judge the real change of the capacitance current and its realizable process are proposed (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247390
87 Closure on "Adaptive noncommunication protection of double circuit line systems"

Author(s): Z.Q. Bo, X.Z. Dong, B.R.J. Caunce, R. Millar Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.530 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: For original article by Z.Q. Bo, X.Z. Dong, and B.R.J. Caunce see ibid., vol.18, no.1, p.43-9, January 2003 and for discussion by M.M. Eissa and O.P. Malik see ibid., vol.20, no.1, p.538, January 2005 Inspec No.: 8250568
88 Closure on "Adaptive noncommunication protection for power lines BO scheme 2 - the instant operation approach"
Author(s): Z.Q. Bo Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.538 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: For original article by Z.Q. Bo see ibid., vol.17, no.1, p.92-6, January 2002 and for discussion by M.M. Eissa see ibid., vol.20, no.1, p.538, January 2005 (1 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250569
92 Fault location approach on transmission line based on impulse injection

Author(s): Wu Li-lin, Lu Fang-cheng, Li Yan-qing (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. Eng., North China Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China) Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31, no.5, p.30-2 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of the Journal of North China Electric Power University, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The reason for the poor accuracy of existing fault location methods of transmission line are discussed, and a new fault locating method based on the impulse injection is proposed. The impulse injected in the beginning or terminal of
89 Discussion of "Adaptive noncommunication protection of double circuit line systems"

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the faulty line can be recorded, and the fault point is located. When permanent phase-to-ground faults occur, this method can be used to identify the fault phases and justify fault location. Simulation by EMTP has proved that the method not only improves accuracy; but also is not affected by system impedance and fault resistance (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247394
93 Novel system for measurements of earthing resistance and measurements of permissible touch voltage, decoupled from power network disturbances
Author(s): J. Wilinski Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.192, p.121-30 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Presents a novel idea of a system designed for global earthing resistance measurement as well as for measuring estimation of permissible touch voltage. The proposed system is decoupled from disturbances that come from the power network. The proposed system is based on two frequencies that are mirrored in respect with the frequency of power network. It is proved that the proposed system differs completely from those that are in common usage and their properties are much better (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248877
Document type: Journal article Abstract: The existence of two different definitions for total harmonic distortion (one in comparison to the fundamental and one in comparison to the signal's root mean square) might cause ambiguity and misinterpretation of measured data. The difference between those definitions is stressed out in this letter. It is suggested that total harmonic distortion measurements in the context of power systems should always adopt the first definition and never the second (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250564
96
The industry power grid monitoring system
94 Analysis of grounding systems in multi-layer soil with finite volumes of different resistivities
Author(s): Zhao Zhi-bin, Cui Xiang, Zhang Bo, Li Lin (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. Eng., North China Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China) Journal: Proc. CSEE (China), vol.24, no.9, p.218-23 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Chinese Soc. Electr. Eng, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 0258-8013 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Based on the method of moment and the boundary element method, a new method to analyze grounding system buried in multi-layer soil with finite volumes of different resistivities is presented. The method uses leakage currents of all conductor segments and the surface charge densities on the surface of finite volume as unknown variables. The number of unknown variables used in this method is much less than those in other methods, and the grounding system buried in multi-layer soil with arbitrary numbers of layers can be analyzed. Test is also done on a real small grid to validate the method presented. As an application of this method, a grounding system of a large-scale hydropower station buried in two-layer soil is analyzed (12 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251540
Author(s): M. Hyla (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.192, p.57-64 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Thanks to digital techniques and telecommunications progress the construction of the remote control and supervision system for industry devices are generally available. The paper presents an industry solution of the power grid and power switching station monitoring system built according to minimisation of the investment and operating costs. The monitoring system is based on the specially designed devices and the author's communication procedures solutions. The function and technical data of the system's components are presented in the paper and the communication method between installed units is discussed. The computer program of the monitoring system is also presented (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248870
97 A combining condition prediction model and its application in power plant

Author(s): Yu-Liang Dong, Yu-Jiong Gu, Kun Yang, Wen-Kun Zhang (Affiliation: Dept. of Power Eng., North China Electr. Power Univ., Beijing, China) Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, China Conference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 3474-8 vol.6 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the equipment in power plant is complex and difficult to predict their conditions accurately, a model of combining condition prediction for equipment in power plant based on grey GM (1,1) model and BP neural network is proposed on the basis of characteristic condition parameters extraction. By fully using the operating parameters, condition monitoring parameters and operation statistic parameters, the conditions of equipment are predicted. Applying the model to the fluid coupling subsystem of a feed-water system, the result shows that this model has high efficiency and precision. The predicted results can be used to provide powerful support in realizing condition-based maintenance (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254311
5.0 Power System Measurement and Metering

95 On the definition of total harmonic distortion and its effect on measurement interpretation
Author(s): D. Shmilovitz (Affiliation: Fac. of Eng., Tel Aviv Univ., Israel) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.5268 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text
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6.0 Electric Machines and Power Apparatus

6.1 AC Machines
98 Indirect torque control of switched reluctance motors using iterative learning control
Author(s): S.K. Sahoo, S.K. Panda, Jian-Xin Xu (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.200-8 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper proposes the use of iterative learning control (ILC) in designing a torque controller for switched reluctance motors (SRMs). The demanded motor torque is first distributed among the phases using a torque-sharing function. Following that, the phase torque references are converted to phase current references by a torque-to-current converter and the inner current control loop tracks the phase current references. SRM torque is a highly nonlinear and coupled function of rotor position and phase current. Hence, the phase current references for a given demanded torque can not be obtained analytically. Assumption of linear magnetization characteristics results in an invertible torque function. However, the nominal phase current references obtained using this torque function will lead to some torque error as motor enters into magnetic saturation. For a constant demanded torque, the error in the phase current references will be periodic with rotor position. Hence, we propose to use ILC to add a compensation current to the nominal phase current references so that torque error is eliminated. Similarly, current tracking for the nonlinear and time-varying system is achieved by combining a simple P-type feedback controller with an ILC controller. The proposed scheme uses ILC to augment conventional feedback techniques and hence, has better dynamic performance than a scheme using only ILC. Experimental results of the proposed scheme for an 8/6 pole, 1-hp SRM show very good average as well as instantaneous torque control (15 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250599
operation, normal operation, rotor inter turn short circuit fault and phase A grounded fault (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247393
100 Induction motor fault detection using vibration and stator current methods
Author(s): W. Li, C.K. Mechefske (Affiliation: Dept. of Mech. & Mater. Eng., Queen's Univ., Kingston, Ont., Canada) Journal: Insight, Non-Destr. Test. Cond. Monit. (UK), vol.46, no.8, p.473-8 (Aug. 2004) Publisher: British Inst. NonDestructive Testing, UK Language: English ISSN: 1354-2575, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Induction motors are widely used in industry as prime electromechanical energy conversion devices. Consequently, the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of induction motors have received significant attention recently and become an integrated part of various maintenance strategies (for example preventive, condition-based and reliability-based maintenance). Thin paper presents a comparison of results of induction motor broken rotor bar fault detection using vibration and stator current methods. A broken rotor bar fault was induced into in a variable speed threephase induction motor. Both the vibration and stator current signatures were acquired under different speed and load conditions. The fault detection sensitivities of vibration and stator current methods are evaluated. This paper also addresses the relationship between current and vibration signatures under normal and faulty motor conditions using correlation and frequency response methods. This relationship is desirable in order to determine the fault signature transmission mechanism and to exclude the irrelevant vibration sources so as to enhance fault detection accuracy. The relationship, studied during steady-state operation and start-up, enabled the identification of the vibrations from other sources (16 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248149
101 Levitation system independent control of bearingless induction motors based on inverter switching states
Author(s): Zhang Hong-quan, Wang Xiao-lin, Deng Zhi-quan, Yan Yang-guang (Affiliation: Aero-Power Sci-Tech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China) Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36, no.5, p.606-9 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The independent control of suspension system is an effective way of high speed operation for bearingless induction motors. Because the information of the air gap field is necessary to levitation operation of the bearingless motor, identifying the magnitude and phase of air gap flux of motor torque winding is the key to independent control. This paper presents a way for identifying the magnitude and phase of air gap flux based on the inverter switching states and the independent control of levitation subsystem is achieved. The principles of the radial suspended force control and the way to identify the air gap flux based on the inverter switching states are introduced. Experiment shows that the method has a good levitation performance. The system keeps the control project
99 Automatic identification of axis orbit shape of generator rotor

Author(s): Wan Shu-ting (Affiliation: Sch. of Mech. Eng., North China Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China), Peng Xue-zhi Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31, no.5, p.26-9 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of the Journal of North China Electric Power University, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents a new method for automatically identifying the axis orbit shape. It acquires the axis orbit, fills all regions of axis orbit and forms the axis orbit image. The moment invariants of the axis orbit image are calculated. Then it selects the moment invariants of simulated axis orbit for reference patterns. The practically acquired axis orbit shape will be automatically identified based on the interconnect degree. By the method, it successfully identifies the MJF-30-6, generator axis orbit shape under the four conditions of no load
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of the motor flexible realizing the levitation operation of the bearingless motor (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248189
102 Analysis of angle-advance control double-salient electro-magnetic motor

Author(s): Memg Xiao-li, Pang Xiang-tao, Wang Hui-zhen, Yan Yang-guang (Affiliation: Aero-power Sci-tech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China) Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36, no.5, p.623-7 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615 Document type: Journal article Abstract: When a double-salient motor works at high speed using standard angle control, the rise rate of commutation current is quite small. This limits the output torque and power of the motor. When a double-salient motor works at high speed, an angle-advance control has big effect on output torque and power of the motor. In this paper, the effects on performance of motor of angle-advance control of electromagnetic double-salient motor are analyzed, and the relations between advanced angle and the output torque and power of motor are obtained. Experimental result shows that the angleadvance control can greatly improve output torque and power of the motor (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248193
including temperature limitations, dew-point limitations, trending tests, surface conditions, types of windings to be tested, and more. IR test data is useful in evaluating the presence of some insulation problems such as contamination, absorbed moisture or severe cracking. A standard IR test could be used to accomplish the DC test that would identify continuity to ground Inspec No.: 8248391
105 Analysis of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) parameters

Author(s): P. Rafajdus (Affiliation: Fac. of Electr. Eng., Zilina Univ., Slovakia), I. Zrak, V. Hrabovcova Journal: J. Electr. Eng. (Slovakia), vol.55, no.7-8, p.195-200 (2004) Publisher: Slovak Tech. Univ.; Slovak Acad. Sci, Slovakia Language: English ISSN: 1335-3632 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In the paper the model for analysis of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) parameters is described. The inductances L, linkage flux , and torque T are calculated on the basis of geometrical dimensions and B-H curves of the material. As the outputs the waveforms of the L, and T vs current and rotor position are gained (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248427
106 Design of microcomputer excitation regulators and its implementation based on DSP
Author(s): Rong Taiping (Affiliation: Dept. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., China), Ou Gansheng Journal: J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. (China), vol.32, no.5, p.19-21 (May 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board J. Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1671-4512 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper introduced Microcomputer Excitation Regulation Device based on DSP chip TMS320LF2407A. It expounded how to use the advantage of Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm (FFT) in DSP, how to carry out simultaneous sampling for voltage and current of generator's stator with ADS8364, how to get accurate PWM output by using PID and LOEC. It also expatriated how to use interface of SCI and CAN to complete communication between multihost or upper controllers (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248562
103 Discrete mathematical models of a synchronous machine with a switched excitation system. Part I
Author(s): A.I. Fedotov, R.P. Karimov, Ye.A. Fedotov Journal: Elektrichestvo (Russia), no.9, p.34-40 (2004) Publisher: Editor, Elektrichestvo, Russia Language: Russian ISSN: 0013-5380 Document type: Journal article Abstract: A technique for deriving a mathematical model of a synchronous machine with a self-excitation system is presented. The discrete mathematical models obtained using the local integral transform and the local Fourier transform make it possible to calculate electric machines and their excitation systems and to carry out optimization studies of excitation systems. Examples of calculations are presented that demonstrate the correctness of the models that are obtained (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248386
104 A review of polarization index and IEEE Std. 432000

Author(s): H.W. Penrose (Affiliation: BJM Corp., Old Saybrook, CT, USA ) Journal: Electr. Constr. Maint. (USA), vol.103, no.9, p.24, 26-7 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Intertec Publishing, USA Language: English ISSN: 0013-4260 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This article discusses each of the changes to IEEE Std. 43-2000, beyond the standard reaffirmations from 1974 to 2000. Also this standard addresses some new issues regarding modern insulation system for rotating machinery. In particular, it identifies the complexities of performing polarization index (PI) tests, insulation to ground tests, insulation resistance (IR) tests and DC versus AC testing of insulation systems and notes their limitations. Additional concerns with PI testing are outlined within IEEE std. 43-2000,
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107 Mathematical model of an electromechanical actuator using flux state variables applied to reluctance motor
Author(s): W. Burlikowskj (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.193, p.7-18 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: A mathematical model of an electromechanical actuator using flux state space variables is described. In the model formulation eddy currents and hysteresis phenomenon were neglected. As an example of application an idealised model of a reluctance motor is presented. Analysis is focused on determination of saturation phenomenon influence on model formulation methodology and on correctness of obtained results. Graphical interpretation of evaluation of
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quantities occurring in the proposed model of an actuator, using data obtained from an idealised model, is presented (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248857
some interesting simulation results proving possibility of reducing parasitic torques by additional ring (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248861
108 Asymmetry of phase stator currents amplitude of an induction machine at stall

Author(s): R. Kaluza, T. Trawinski (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.193, p.31-8 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In the paper the asymmetry phenomena of stator currents amplitude of squirrel-cage induction machine worked at stall is cleared up. The analytical and graphical method was used to investigate the polyharmonic model of induction machine towards the asymmetry phenomena of stator currents amplitude. The reason why stator phase current amplitude asymmetry occurs are higher MMF space harmonics connected with discrete distribution of stator and rotor windings in slots (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248859
111 Analysis of the air-gap length function and its reciprocal for an electric machine having double full and nonfull slotting of the magnetic circuit
Author(s): D. Krawczyk (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.193, p.79-87 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: An analysis of the air-gap length function of an electric machine having doubly slotted magnetic circuit and its reciprocal is presented. Results of the harmonic analysis of both functions are presented. The full and nonfull slotting of the magnetic circuit cases are considered. Applications of the presented air-gap length reciprocal function are proposed (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248864
109 Examinations of synchronous parasitic torques in double-speed, squirrel-cage induction motors

Author(s): G. Klapyta (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.193, p.39-48 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In double-speed induction machines phenomenon of parasitic torques is being enlarged as compared to one-speed machines. This is why such motors should be specially designed and higher harmonics must be considered in the design process. Using computer simulations allows to reduce costs of designing new machines and saves a lot of time. Simulation results allow to examine the machine before it is built. It can be a very helpful tool in designer's hand. However only full theoretical and practical measurements allow to get full information about explored machine. The problem of parasitic torques in double-speed induction motor is still vivid and studies on this topic should be continued (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248860
112 Procedure for determination of conditions for reluctance torque generation in an electric motor having doubly slotted magnetic circuit
Author(s): D. Krawczyk (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.193, p.89-95 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The way of an analytical determination of the relationships between the spatial MMF and permeance harmonics describing the reluctance torque generation was presented. The way of the rotor velocity determination for which the torque appears was also presented (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248865
113 Simulation analysis of the induction motor with two degrees of mechanical freedom
Author(s): M. Szczygiel, P. Kowol (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.193, p.109-18 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In the paper a two-armature induction motor with two degrees of mechanical freedom is presented. From the analytical field model, which is determined from simplifying assumptions, electrical parameters for circuit and mathematical models of the motor are calculated. Electromechanical characteristics are determined from circuit models of the motor. Dynamic states of the motor are simulated in mathematical model of the motor (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248866
110 Simulations of polyharmonic model of squirrelcage induction motor with additional ring in rotor
Author(s): G. Klapyta (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.193, p.49-56 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Existence of parasitic torques in induction motors is their disadvantage. The torques cause noise and vibrations. They can also cause difficulties with starting the motor. One of methods of their elimination is the use of an additional ring in the middle of rotor and proper turning of created rotor's halves. In this article a mathematical model of a squirrel-cage induction motor with additional ring is given. The principle of operation of the additional ring is cleared and there are also
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114 Application of DTC-SVM method for the control of double-fed induction machine
Author(s): M. Jelen, K. Gierlotka, J. Michalak (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland)
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Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.192, p.65-74 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The direct torque control with space vector modulator (DTC-SVM) system is described. The principles of the control of the motor torque and of the reactive power in the stator circuit are presented. Advantages and faults of the DTC-SVM method are discussed and it was compared with other control methods of the double-fed induction machine. The results of the simulation tests of the machine controlled according to presented method are presented in the paper (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248871
arithmetic. The obtained results of simulations show that the estimation of electromagnetic flux linkage in the modified, digital estimators that is equipped with a 16-bit, fixed-point digital signal processor is correct (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248880
117 Methods for linear observer design on the example of state observer for induction motor
Author(s): T. Bialon Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.41-54 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Four algorithms for linear observer design are proposed. The algorithms are based on the sets of conditions derived from the models of a linear, time-invariant system and a linear, time-invariant state observer, fulfillment of which provides correct state estimation. Two of the presented algorithms enable design of an observer, that estimates not only state variables but also their derivatives (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248881
115 Synthesis of frequency scalar-control algorithms of induction machine

Author(s): A. Zywiec Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.11-24 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The equations determining the currents and flux linkages of the windings as well as the electromagnetic torque of an induction machine operating in steady state and supplied from a sinusoidal voltage source are presented in the paper. The relationships describing the frequency scalar-control algorithms of the induction motor are given. In the analysis the wide range of static optimization criteria of the machine steady-state operation is taken into account. Also presented is a comparison of different scalar-control algorithms of the induction machine (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248879
118 Analysis of influence of disturbances on proportional observer operation shown on example of induction motor state space observer
Author(s): T. Bialon Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.55-66 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Disturbances caused by measurement noise and modelling errors are always present in inputs of the observer and are the reason for increase in estimation errors. This increase depends on the observer parameters and in some cases can be minimized by appropriate selection of the parameters. In this paper the analysis of disturbance influence on the proportional observer estimation errors is presented. Definition of a "matrix amplification index", an index describing the matrix ability for amplifying disturbances and its mathematical properties are presented. The state equations of a bilinear time-invariant system and a bilinear proportional observer are presented. The equation of the error of the bilinear proportional state space observer in the observed system output vector is discussed. Based on the observer error equation it is shown that the disturbance amplification depends on the observer parameters and can be minimized by reducing the matrix amplification index of one of the observer matrices. Equations of the bilinear proportional observer of induction motor magnetic couplings as well as the simulations results are presented. The simulation results show the relation between the observer parameters and the value of estimated error caused by disturbances. The most important conclusion is that the proportional observer designed as proposed, provides very good quality of estimation, comparable to that of more complicated proportional integral observers. The proofs of some mathematical properties are given (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248882
116 Estimation of electromagnetic flux linkage of induction motor in the system with digital signal processor
Author(s): A. Zywiec, R. Niestroj Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.25-40 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In this paper the results of simulation of an electromagnetic flux linkage modified digital estimators have been presented. The problems that have been presented are connected with the DC offset, disturbing signals of measured quantities, and the initial value in integrators have been eliminated in this estimators. The presented results of simulation allow determining the quality of estimation of electromagnetic flux linkage in a digital system with a 16-bit, fixed point digital signal processor TMS320C50 or, alternatively, TMS320F240. The equations as well as the block diagram of the electromagnetic flux linkage modified estimators in the continuous domain have been presented. Also the block diagram of the electromagnetic flux linkage modified, digital estimators in the discrete domain have been presented. In this block diagram the additional components have been included. They improve the quality of estimation of electromagnetic flux linkage when an induction motor is fed by a voltage source inverter and when signals of measured quantities are strongly disturbed. The results of simulations of the electromagnetic flux linkage modified, digital estimators have been presented. The simulations have been made when taking into consideration the limited precision of the fixed point
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119 Use of steady-state characteristics determined by means of the finite element method for parameter estimation of induction motor
Author(s): J. Kudla
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Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.83-92 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The paper presents the mathematical model of an induction machine in the steady state taking into account saturation effect. The set of the machine electromagnetic parameters containing stator and rotor resistances as well as the coefficients of analytical functions approximating the nonlinear synthetic characteristics of flux linkages are determined. In order to estimate the selected set of parameters there were used the machine static characteristics computed on the basis of the motor reverse test simulation. The finite element method was used for calculations of the characteristics, whereas genetic algorithms were applied to parameter estimation (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248883
120 Measuring methods versus calculations electromagnetic torque of squirrel cage motors
of
Author(s): R. Miksiewicz Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.93-102 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The paper presents the analysis of different methods for determining the electromagnetic torque of the computational model of a 3-phase squirrel cage motor which takes into account higher harmonics of MMF. This model allows analysing the motor transient states for different degrees of its simplification. There are analysed the measuring methods of the torque based on: measurement of the shaft torsional angle by means of a strain gauge, measurement of the rotational speed and measurement of the input power instantaneous values. It has been proved that the obtained waveforms of the torque for the monoharmonic model are the same independently of the applied method, whereas for polyharmonic models they are different. There is no possibility of obtaining the correct measurement results of the torques from higher space harmonics of MMF by means of the measuring methods considered in the paper (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248884
Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.111-24 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In this paper the properties of star connected and mixed star-delta single layer windings are compared. The star winding component is separated and shifted in space in relation to the delta component. For this type of winding the possibilities of series winding or parallel connection are presented. The conventional in star diagram and mixed stardelta connection diagram for the windings are presented. For these windings the space distributions of ampere-turns are calculated. The space harmonic spectra produced by the both types of windings are compared using numerical procedure FFT. It is shown that the mixed star-delta connected winding allows reduction of some higher harmonics of the space distribution that can be of essential importance in generation of synchronous and asynchronous parasitic torques. Rotating speeds of synchronous torque occurrence and the harmonics generating these torques for different number of the rotor slots are given. The results of measurements of the manufactured motors with the star connected winding with those of the prototype motors with the mixed star-delta connected winding are compared. They show that the efficiency of an induction motor with the mixed winding is slightly increased and its performance parameters are better than those of an induction motor with star connected winding (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248886
123 Application of thermal equivalent network to identification of induction motor squirrel cage resistance both in steady and dynamic state
Author(s): T. Mnich Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.125-34 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents a system for identification of resistance changes of an induction motor squirrel cage, both in steady and dynamic state. The system identifies changes in the resistance of the squirrel cage on the basis of easily accessible measurement signals in a machine such as stator current and voltage. The identification method is based on the thermal equivalent diagram of an induction motor. The diagram shown in this paper determines the temperature changes that are the basis for determining resistance changes of the squirrel cage. The method takes into consideration not only changes of the squirrel cage temperatures caused by the flow of current in a rotor but also the influence of other losses generated in stator windings, magnetic circuits and caused by bearing friction. In the further part of the papers the results of resistance rotor calculations for steady and dynamic state are presented, The equations of a mathematical model are given for the both states. The mathematical model describes the method of solving the thermal diagram. Simulation investigation with the use of Matlab and Matlab Simulink programs were carried out. For the steady state the values of average steady temperatures of the squirrel cage and other machine elements were calculated. The values mentioned above were the basis for calculating the squirrel cage resistance. For the transient state the resistance changes of the squirrel cage are shown in the following cases: the work at the rated current, the work at the overload current of the rated value, the work at variable load (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248887
121 Failures of squirrel-cages induction motor rotors
of
high
power
Author(s): B. Drak Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.103-10 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Examples and analysis of failures of high power induction motor squirrel cages are presented. The influence of electromechanical and thermal factors on stresses and deformations of squirrel-cages is analyzed. The results of computer simulation of the chosen failures of squirrel-cages are presented. The influence of the exemplary failure of squirrel-cages on the results of failures is discussed. The main reasons for failures of squirrel-cages are given (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248885
122 Comparison of star-connected and mixed stardelta connected single layer winding properties
Author(s): R. Maksiewicz, A. Wieczorek
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124 Application of observer for resistance changes of induction motor rotor cage using rapid prototyping system dSPACE 1103 to improvement of rotor flux estimation accuracy
Author(s): T. Mnich Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.135-46 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents the results of simulation investigations and measurements of a system for identification of changes of induction motor cage resistance. This system is based on the induction motor thermal model. The basic equations of the induction motor thermal model are given. The system identifying changes in resistance was constructed on the basis of these equations. The model for measurements, realised in a laboratory, is described. The results of comparison of the temperature and the rotor cage resistance changes obtained form measurements and computer simulations are presented. The model was used for improvement of the accuracy of determining the induction motor rotor flux. The diagram of the system is shown in the paper. The simulation investigations of the system were carried out by means of the rapid prototyping system dSPACE 1103 (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248888
126 Use of dynamic responses to load rejection test for estimation of synchronous generator parameters
Author(s): A. Bobon, J. Kudla Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.159-68 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents a parameter estimation methodology for a synchronous generator mathematical model based on load rejection test results. A standard mathematical model of the synchronous generator containing one equivalent damper circuit in the d axis and two damper circuits in the q axis in the rotor (so called (2,2)-type model) is considered. The parameters in d axis are estimated from the d-axis load rejection, while the parameters in q axis are determined from the q-axis load rejection. The parameter estimation process consists of minimising the sum of squared differences between the measured test signals and the simulation results obtained when using the estimated parameter values. Calculations are made for the 200 MW generator (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248890
125 Motor model for simulation of additional phenomena in induction motors supplied from PWM inverters
Author(s): R. Zientek Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.147-58 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper introduces a 3-phase motor model including parasitic impedances between the stator winding and the stator and rotor core. The method for determining these impedances and the results of measurements verifying correctness of the assumed motor model are presented. The selected waveforms obtained from simulation and measurements are compared. The basic parasitic phenomena occurring in inductor motors supplied from PWM inverters and motor testing are discussed. The three-phase inverter motor model containing internal capacitances between the elements are shown and the results of measurements verifying the three-phase inverter motor model is presented. The diagrams of circuits for measuring leakage currents in induction motors are shown. The measurement results and calculation results are tabulated. The cross section of the motor with one conductor in each stator slot is shown. This paper presents the model of the equivalent diagram including the parasitic impedances of the induction motor. This paper also describes the way of determining the induction motor parasitic impedances within the wide range of frequencies. The schematic diagrams for determination of these impedances in PSpice program are given as well. The magnitudes and of the parasitic impedances obtained from measurements and computer simulation are compared. The simulation model of the motor (with a supply system) for additional phenomena using PSpice program is shown. The waveforms obtained from measurements and simulation for the grounded motor is also presented (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248889
127 A computational-measurement model for evaluation of thermal states of emergency in synchronous generator stator winding at disturbances in cooling system
Author(s): Kapinos J, R. Krok Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.169-78 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents the thermal model for calculations of temperature distributions in an indirectly cooled synchronous generator stator winding. The temperature field in the generator stator winding is described by the system of equations obtained as a result of application of the method of node potentials to solving the thermal-electrical network representing heat exchange in the stator winding bars. A computer program for thermal investigation of the stator winding has been developed on a basis of the thermal model. It enables calculations of temperature distributions in generator stator winding bars at the correct operation of the cooling system as well as at the presence of disturbances in the cooling system. The thermal model used for calculations has been verified by measurements for a 70 MW generator. The calculation results of the average temperature rises of the generator stator winding have been very close to the values of the operating temperatures. It proves that the developed program is useful for thermal calculations of a generator stator with an indirect cooling system, and especially for analysis of problems connected with using a generator at the presence of disturbances in its cooling system (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248891
128 Nonlinear field-circuit model of synchronous reluctance motor

Author(s): R. Miksiewicz Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.179-90 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article
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Abstract: This paper presents calculations of the performance of 3-phase synchronous reluctance motor using squirrel cage motor sheets of 160 mm and 80 mm frame size. The motor computational model takes into account saturation of the magnetic circuit. Nonlinear equations describe the motor performance in steady states. The FEM and Opera-2D program are used for field calculations. The distributions of the vector potential for different armature currents are shown. As a result of field calculations characteristics of flux linkages, inductances as well as the magnetic circuit asymmetry factor as a function of the current phasor and its position angle are obtained. Based on the field calculations one can also determine the space distributions of the tangent and normal components of the flux density in the air gap. They can be applied to calculations of the armature reaction inductance. The characteristic of flux linkages approximated by spline functions is used for circuit calculations of the motor performance in steady states. From the solution of the system of nonlinear equations for the given output power and the supply voltage of the motor one determines the values of the current phasor and its position angle, and next the other parameters. The characteristics of the phase current and the power factor versus the output power are shown, whereas the torque-power angle characteristics for the nonlinear and linear models for the both types of motor are presented. Measurement results of the motor starting torque of the motor of 106 mm frame sizes and the computation results of the performance for the both types of the motors are compared. The results of calculation and measurements show the necessity of taking into considerations saturation of the magnetic circuit in calculations of reluctance motor performance (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248892
angles. The unsymmetrical motor produces higher pulsation than the symmetrical one (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248893
130 Dynamic model of two-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor

Author(s): P. Zaskalicky Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.215-20 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The paper deals with a new type of an electronically commuted two-phase salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motor for an industrial and household appliance. The motor is fed from a single voltage-source inverter with rectangular output voltage. The inverter is controlled by a microcomputer. The mathematical model of the machine was realized by means of the Matlab-Simulink program (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248894
131 A fuzzy logic reference model controller for synchronous generator

Author(s): A. Nocon Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.221-30 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents a novel Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic reference model controller. It allows controlling a controlled system and compensating variation of the system parameters. A stand-alone synchronous generator was assumed to be the controlled system in simulation investigations. The idea of the investigated fuzzy controller is presented in this paper. Takagi-Sugeno of 5 inputs, 1 output and 9 rules in rule base is proposed. The controller does not adjust the error but, the error of the derivative stator voltage of synchronous generators dy is adjusted. It is equipped with an additional element for correction of the static errors. This correction element is blocked by the variable 1. The membership functions of the fuzzy controller is presented. The control surface of the investigated controller (for normal operation and operation with limitation) is shown. This paper also describes the basic information on the synchronous generator mathematical model used for simulation investigations and the results of simulation investigations are given. The influence of the fuzzy controller gain on the selected performance criteria described by equations are presented. The fuzzy logic controller was tested in MatlabSimulink. For the analysis a linear controlled system was assumed. The results of simulation investigations are presented (18 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248895
129 Properties of switched reluctance motors with unsymmetrical air gap

Author(s): R. Miksiewicz, K. Wladarz Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.188, p.191-204 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents the results of simulation of a 4phase switched reluctance motor of 8/6 poles with unsymmetrical air-gap. The field simulations show the considerable influence of asymmetry on the distribution inductance and the flux linkage. The position of the asymmetry has no influence on the distribution inductance, but defines the area of intensive magnetic saturation. The unsymmetrical airgap causes in the increase leakage flux. The results of circuit calculations for different types of control and different value of load and supply parameters prove the influence of the air-gap asymmetry on the torque and current waveforms. Distortion of the waveforms increases together with increase in the motor speed and the conduction angle. The motor with an unsymmetrical rotor produces a larger noise and vibrations than the symmetrical machine. The FFT analysis confirms this conclusion. In the characteristics of speed-torque and currents versus the load torque, the differences between symmetrical and unsymmetrical machines do not appear. If the load is very small the differences between the characteristics can be seen. Position of asymmetry has no influence on the operating characteristics. The efficiency of the unsymmetrical motor is a lower than that of the symmetrical machine. Pulsations of the torque increase with the growth in the speed and conduction
132 Application of DTC method for the control of double-fed induction machine
Author(s): K. Gierlotka, M. Jelen (Affiliation: Inst. of Theor. & Ind. Electr. Eng., Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.187, p.33-40 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The application of the slip-ring induction motors working as double-fed machines is recommended when the
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speed control is confined to a small range around synchronism. They can be applied in drive systems as well as in energy generation systems, for example in wind power plants or in pumped-storage power plants. The paper deals with the possibilities of application of the direct torque control (DTC) method for double-fed machine. By choice of the proper voltage vector of PWM converter this method allows controlling the motor torque and the reactive power in the stator circuit. Principles of direct torque control of double-fed machine and results of the simulation tests of the drive controlled according to presented method are presented in the paper (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248899
Abstract: Although single-phase motors are widely used, many potential users do not fully understand the technology. This paper outlines the various types of single-phase motors that are available for different types of applications Inspec No.: 8249512
136 Speed control and torque ripple minimization of switch reluctance motors using genetic algorithms
Author(s): B. Moshiri, F. Rashidi (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Tehran Univ., Iran) Journal: WSEAS Trans. Circuits Syst. (Greece), vol.3, no.2, p.399-403 (April 2004) Publisher: WSEAS, Greece Language: English ISSN: 1109-2734 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Switched reluctance (SR) drive technology is a serious contender for replacing the existing technologies, because of its technical and economic advantages. If some remaining problems like excessive torque ripple could be resolved through intelligent control, it would enjoy enormous comparative advantages for grabbing significant market share. In this paper, the idea of genetic algorithm is generalized in order to control of the speed of switch reluctance motor (SRM). Our proposed solution, can achieve very robust and satisfactory performance (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250073
133
Motor management help
Author(s): F. Pardue, D. Hancock Journal: tce (UK), no.761, p.55-6 (Nov. 2004) Publisher: Instn. Chem. Eng, UK Language: English ISSN: 0302-0797 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Motor life cycle management at industrial plants is an important part of eliminating unexpected motor failures and extending the life of motors between repairs or overhauls. However due to the large number of data sources involved with condition status, design, failure mode, and repair information, such programmes have proven that it is difficult to sustain. A Web-based motor management system makes it possible for motor repair partners to enter this information into a single Web-hosted database and it allows a wide base of authorized plant users to retrieve the information over the Internet Inspec No.: 8249381
137 Automatic identification of shaft orbits of generator sets based on improved moment invariant
Author(s): Ni Chuan-kun, Zhou Jian-zhong, Fu Bo (Affiliation: Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Wuhan, China) Journal: Electr. Power Sci. Eng. (China), no.2, p.16-18 (2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. Electric Power Sci. & Eng, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1672-0792 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Axis orbit is an important characteristic to be used to diagnose the condition of the generator sets. Moment invariant of Hu is one of the important tools in graphic recognition. In this paper the limit of moment invariant in disperse state is analyzed and the method is improved. Simulation experiment of automatic identification for some typical axis orbits are operated, which proves that the method is effective, brief and feasible (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251303
134 Will Dyson clean up with its SR motor? [switched reluctance motors]
Journal: Drives Controls (UK), vol.20, no.6, p.M3 (June 2004) Publisher: Kamtech Publishing, UK Language: English ISSN: 0950-5490 Document type: Journal article Abstract: A team of electrical, mechanical, electronic, aeronautical and software engineers at the innovative appliance maker Dyson has developed a new design of switched reluctance (SR) motor. The new motor is a 100,000 rpm machine and is hailed as the first ultra-high speed SR motor to exploit turbocharger aerodynamics and aerospace materials. The square-core Dyson digital motor has a built-in controller which manages energy consumption and provides soft-start and diagnostic functions. It also stores data on the motor and its use, which can be sent to Dyson service personnel, either by holding a telephone handset to the appliance or via the Internet. Dyson claims that the motor is the fastest ever for domestic appliances but is much smaller and weighs around 1 kg. The motor is expected to have a working life of more than 1,000 hours compared to the 600 hours before the brushes wear out on a conventional appliance motor Inspec No.: 8249511
138 New kind of numerical electric torque measuring instrument

Author(s): Wang Huai-ying, Liu Yong-chao (Affiliation: Nanjing Normal Univ., China ) Journal: Instrum. Technique Sens. (China), no.10, p.13-21 (2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of the Instrument Technique and Sensor J, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1002-1841 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Based on analyzing the measuring feature of the mechanical torque instrument, gave out a new method, which used the input current and voltage of the motor stator as input value, to calculate the motor's output torque. A new kind of torque measuring instrument was constructed with the TMS320F24, sampling circuit, displaying circuit, protection circuit and communicating circuit. The measuring principle was introduced, the consisted parts were detailedly designed. The experiment result was given out at the end (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251447
135
Singular attractions [single-phase motors]
Author(s): B. Bannister (Affiliation: AEG Electr. Motors, UK) Journal: Drives Controls (UK), vol.20, no.6, p.M4 (June 2004) Publisher: Kamtech Publishing, UK Language: English ISSN: 0950-5490 Document type: Journal article
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139 A research of the vibration malfunction problem for imported type 300 MW turbogenerator sets
Author(s): Shen Pei-hua (Affiliation: Jiaxing Power Generation Co. Ltd., Pinghu, China), Gu Huang, Ren Hao-ren Journal: Proc. CSEE (China), vol.24, no.9, p.267-71 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Chinese Soc. Electr. Eng, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 0258-8013 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In this paper, based on the combination of theory and practice, the mechanisms of vibration malfunction for imported type 300 MW turbogenerator sets is analyzed. The three bearing structure of generator and exciter is the main cause of question to initiate the large unbalance response for #6, #7 bearings and rubbing of sealed block. Finally in this paper author suggested the effective measure to control the vibration climbing and instability for #6, #7 bearings (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251546
development of these systems including the models with different capacities to meet the needs of customers Inspec No.: 8251677
142 Research on the embedded condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system for the rotation machine
Author(s): Xu Feiyun, Hu Jianzhong, Jia Minping, Zhong Binglin (Affiliation: Dept. of Mech. Eng., Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China) Journal: J. Southeast Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. (China), vol.34, no.6, p.761-5 (Nov. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. Southeast Univ, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1001-0505 Document type: Journal article Abstract: To construct an intelligent machine with selfmonitoring and self-diagnosis abilities, the technology for realizing an Internet oriented embedded intelligent condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system with remote monitoring, diagnosis, maintenance and upgrading functions for the rotation machine is introduced systematically. The system is based on the digital signal processor (DSP) and the embedded microcomputer and can measure and store the machine work status, such as the rotate speed and vibration etc. in real time. In the system, the DSP chip is used to do the fault signal processing and feature extraction. The embedded microcomputer with a customized Linux operation system carries out the Internet oriented remote software upgrading and system maintenance. An embedded fault diagnosis software is also designed in the system based on the mobile agent technology which can interconnect with the remote fault diagnosis center to realize cooperative diagnosis. This embedded condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technology can effectively improve the intelligence degree of the fault diagnosis system (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8252064
140
Hyper-dynamometer (PCDY-II 330)
Author(s): K. Kawakubo, M. Kawano Journal: Meiden Rev. (Int. Ed.) (Japan), no.2, p.3-5 (2004) Publisher: Meidensha Corp, Japan Language: English ISSN: 0387-5385 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In cases of trans-axle testing and similar testing, it is necessary to set up a layout that is almost equivalent to a real car scale. For this reason, the dynamometer on the driving side is required to have a smaller diameter. As a dynamometer to be used on the driving side, Meidensha Corporation has developed and put into production a PCDY with a low inertia and a small diameter, to be directly connected to the trans-axle to drive it without any offset gears. Like this PCDY, the hyper-dynamometer (PCDY-Il 330) introduced in this paper can be directly connected to the transaxle without any intervention with the offset gears. Even with a small diameter, this equipment improves power and torque characteristics. This dynamometer can applicable to a variety of test programs. Theoretically, PCDY-II 330 is a permanent magnet type synchronous motor. It is expected that the advent of PCDY-II 330 would improve the transient testing and simulation testing Inspec No.: 8251676
143 Effects of the torque model on the control of a VR spherical motor

Author(s): Kok-Meng Lee (Affiliation: George W. Woodruff Sch. of Mech. Eng., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, GA, USA), R.A. Sosseh, Zhiyong Wei Journal: Control Eng. Pract. (UK), vol.12, no.11, p.1437-49 (Nov. 2004) Publisher: Elsevier, UK Language: English ISSN: 0967-0661, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents the effects of the torque model on the control of a variable reluctance spherical motor (VRSM) that offers several attractive features by combining multi-DOF motions in a single joint. A general form of the torque model for a VRSM is derived using the principle of energy conversion. The torque models for two specific design configurations developed at Georgia Tech are compared. The first has been based on an existing design characterized by a torque model in quadratic form. For feedback control of the spherical motor, the quadratic form of the torque model requires the use of nonlinear optimization schemes for computing the stator coil current inputs. The second design incorporating high coercive permanent magnets has a linear torque-current relationship and thus allows a closed form solution for both forward and inverse torque models. The effects of the torque model on a PD-controlled VRSM prototype has been studied both numerically and experimentally. Experimental results agree well with the computation derived analytically (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8252854
141 Ultra-high-speed dynamometer and related equipment used in motor testing systems for electric vehicles
Author(s): T. Takizawa Journal: Meiden Rev. (Int. Ed.) (Japan), no.2, p.9-11 (2004) Publisher: Meidensha Corp, Japan Language: English ISSN: 0387-5385 Document type: Journal article Abstract: With the increased interest in environmental problems, various regulations have been reinforced in regard to exhaust gases. This paper introduces ultra-high-speed FREC dynamometers and their related equipment units for the testing of the EV motor, which are recently getting bigger and faster. The standard ultra-high-speed FREC dynamometer systems are designed to cope with 25,000 min-1. If the system structuring is actually needed over 20,000 min-1, the following points are borne in mind: 1) obtaining a higher speed for the torque meter, 2) development of a lubricator unit attached with a refrigerator, and 3) improvement of the control performance for the high-frequency block of the inverter. We promoted the
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144 Possibilities for use of coated superconductors in ac applications

Author(s): W.J. Carr (Affiliation: Long Electromagnetics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA), C.E. Oberly Conference: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC, Anchorage, AK, USA Conference Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Sponsor(s): Argonne Nat. Lab.; Cryofab Inc.; Cryomagnetics Inc.; Cryomech Inc.; Fermi Nat. Accelerator Lab.; Oak Ridge Nat. Lab.; Sci. Instruments Inc.; U.S. Dept. of Energy Journal: AIP Conf. Proc. (USA), no.711, pt.2, p.773-80 (2004) Publisher: AIP, USA Language: English ISSN: 0094-243X Document type: Conference paper in journal Abstract: Coated superconductors with biaxially oriented crystallites, such as in thick films of YBCO can carry large transport current density (10 5 to 106 A/cm2) in one tesla magnetic fields near liquid-nitrogen temperature (77 K). These coated superconductors which are prepared as wide tapes have excessive ac losses for practical power components. Possibilities for reducing these losses to the point where coated materials can be used for ac power applications such as generators, filter inductors and transformers are discussed. It is also pointed out that the use of coated conductors for such applications may require a complete redesign of the electrical components (23 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247289
146 Adaptive control for induction servo motor based on wavelet neural networks
Author(s): Qinghui Wu (Affiliation: Inst. of Adv. Control Technol., Dalian Univ. of Technol., China), Yi Liu, Dianjun Zhang, Yonghui Zhang Editor(s): F.Yin, J.Wang, C.Guo Conference: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings, Dalian, China Conference Date: 19-21 Aug. 2004 Publication: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. Vol.3174)) Publisher: Springer-Verlag, Germany, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 3 540 22843 8 Page: 156-62 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper presents an adaptive control system using wavelet neural networks (WNN) for an induction servo drive motor with complex of nonlinear, multivariable, strong coupling, slow time-varying properties, etc., and many uncertainties such as mechanical parametric variation and external disturbance. The motivation of developing a new method is to overcome the limitation of conventional control methods which depends on the accurate model and cannot guarantee satisfactory control performance. The proposed scheme with on-line learning has the good tracking and dynamic performance, the ability of adaptive learning from the process and good robustness to uncertainties. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8253726
145
Optimization of our SC HTS reluctance motor
Author(s): B. Oswald, K.-J. Best, M. Setzer (Affiliation: OSWALD-Elektromotoren GmbH, Miltenberg, Germany), M. Soll, W. Gawalek, A. Gutt, L. Kovalev, L. Fisher, G. Krabbes, H.C. Freyhardt Conference: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC, Anchorage, AK, USA Conference Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Sponsor(s): Argonne Nat. Lab.; Cryofab Inc.; Cryomagnetics Inc.; Cryomech Inc.; Fermi Nat. Accelerator Lab.; Oak Ridge Nat. Lab.; Sci. Instruments Inc.; U.S. Dept. of Energy Journal: AIP Conf. Proc. (USA), no.711, pt.2, p.879-88 (2004) Publisher: AIP, USA Language: English ISSN: 0094-243X Document type: Conference paper in journal Abstract: Since several years we have successfully designed, built and tested at 77 K several reluctance motors. YBCO bulk material has been incorporated into the rotor. Our latest results, based on the old design, are published within the proceedings of the 8th VDI-Status-Seminar. The range of mechanical output power achieved is up to about 200 kW. All these motors have shown that a significant step in performance is obtained by using HTS bulk elements in the rotor, compared to the data of these test motors without superconductors. However, by now the motor parameters have been limited to certain values. In order to optimize this type of motor and to achieve increased output power and power density we have modified the design with several respects. This includes properties of the superconductor (critical current density raised by about 20%), the use of special soft magnetic material in the stator (increased saturation polarization), modified cut of the laminations (optimized for application at 77 K), and new geometry of the motor dimensions aimed at extremely high dynamics in order to adapt this motor to some special applications. With our present paper we present the results of this optimization which have brought the expected improvements and which are in excellent accordance with theory (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247296
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147 A dual-mode adaptive robust controller using the Takagi-Sugeno model applied to a three-phase induction motor
Author(s): A.D. Araujo (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. Fed. do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil), F. Mota, R.E.F. Sousa Editor(s): F.Allgower Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany Conference Date: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institut fur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page: 1103-7 Vol.3 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper presents the application of a control strategy that interpolates the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) and the variable structure model reference adaptive control (VS-MRAC) applied to an induction motor. The combination of these strategies is obtained with controller from fuzzy logic, where the idea of error magnitude is used for activating each controller in correct time. We used the TakagiSugeno inference model to obtain an analytic expression for the adaptation law. The application to the induction motor shows that this new strategy adaptation incorporates the advantages of both MRAC and VS-MRAC (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254005
148 Accounting for magnetic characteristic nonlinearity in designing induction motor observer
Author(s): H. Ouadi, F. Giri, J. De Leon-Morales, L. Dugard (Affiliation: GREYC, ISMRA, Caen, France ) Editor(s): F.Allgower
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Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany Conference Date: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institut fur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page: 1409-14 Vol.3 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: State estimators for induction motors are generally designed based on standard simplified models that suppose the machine magnetic characteristic to be linear. Since this characteristic is actually nonlinear, especially for high power machines, the mentioned state estimators are likely not able to achieve the estimation accuracy they have been designed for. In this paper, a new state estimator is developed for AC machine based on a model that appropriately accounts for the saturation feature in the magnetic characteristic. The proposed estimator is a full-order nonlinear observer. The gains of the latter are tuned, using Lyapunov stability tools, so that the state estimation error asymptotically vanished. Supremacy of the new observer over standard ones is illustrated by simulation using a 7.5 KW machine (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254031
No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 649-51 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Power factor control technique of the doubly fed machine is studied theoretically and experimentally in this paper. The expression of power factor angle and control characteristic of power factor are derived based on the field orientation control theory of the doubly fed machine. The experimental system has been designed and built based on 8XC196MC single-chip-computer. The experiment and simulation results show that the proposed scheme is feasible and practicable (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254081
151 Study on stator field orientation control method of doubly fed machine
Author(s): Wang Zheng, Wang Fengxiang, Zhang Fengge (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. Eng., Shenyang Technol. Univ., China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 652-4 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: A stator field orientation vector method of doubly fed machine is introduced in this paper, which has the advantages of simple and easy to be implemented. Adopting the proposed vector control method, the excitation flux and electromagnetic torque of the doubly fed machine can be decoupled and controlled individually. The machine torque can be easily controlled by the q-axis component of the rotor current iq2 . The simulation results show that the dynamic performance of the doubly fed machine can be improved by using the proposed control approach (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254082
149 Active and reactive power control for brushless doubly-fed machine
Author(s): Huang Shoudao, Wang Yi, Wang Yaonan, Ren Guangfa (Affiliation: Coll. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Hunan Univ., China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 640-4 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: A new power control system for brushless doubly-fed machine (BDFM) has been developed. The mathematics model of active and reactive power for BDFM has been derived. The power control system simulation model was established based on Matlab/Simulink. This power control system using a rotating reference frame fixed on the gap flux of the BDFM and can control the active and reactive power independently and stably. Computer simulation results are given to verify this control scheme (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254080
152 The adaptive PID controller based on neural network for the synchronous generator excitation system
Author(s): Wang Jun, Guangyi Zhang (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. Inf., Xihua Univ., Chengdu, China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 681-3 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: A proportional-integer-differential (PID) controller based on a neural network and adaptive control theory for the synchronous generator system is presented in this paper. The
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150 Study on power factor control technique of doubly fed machine

Author(s): Lin Chengwu, Wang Fengxiang, Zhang Fengge (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. & Eng., Shenyang Technol. Univ., China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.
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PID parameters can be online improved through online training. The control algorithm is very simple. The simulation results provide promising results under parameter variations and load changes and prove the dynamic response is more quickly compared with the classical PID controller (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254085
results with the conventional SVPWM and sinusoidal PWM method. The method presented in this paper can be easily implemented and generalized to machines with arbitrary threephase winding sets. The feed-forward (v/f control) scheme is addressed. The validity of the proposed technique is verified by the simulating and experimental results (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254091
153 Random pulse width PWM modulation for induction motor

Author(s): Zhao Jinghong (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Naval Eng. Univ., Hubei, China), Zhang Junhong Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 684-7 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: A classical space-vector pulse width with equal duration of application of application of zero-state vectors V0 and V7 was modified. A factor variable k0 (proportional to the time of application of vector V7) was introduced. By random changing k0 from 0% to 100% of the combined application time for zero-state vectors, novel random pulse width modulation is proposed for application in voltage source inverters for adjustable speed AC drives. Harmonic spread factor is introduced for quality evaluation of voltage spectra of inverters with the random PWM. Realization of the modulator using the Texas Instruments' TMS320F240 DSP controller is described and the results of experiments are presented (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254086
155 Implementation of DSP-based inverter with dead time compensation
three-level
154 A novel space vector PWM control for dual three-phase induction machine
Author(s): Lin Chen (Affiliation: Fac. of Inf. Sci. & Technol., Wuhan Univ. of Sci. & Technol., China), Lijun Hou Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 724-9 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In this paper, a novel space vector PWM scheme of dual three-phase induction machine is described. The dual three-phase induction machine is composed of two symmetric three-phase winding sets, which are spatially phase-shifted by 30 electrical degrees. The six-phase inverter is divided into two independent three-phase inverters with a common dc link voltage. So the 5th, 7th, 17th, 19 th, ... air-gap flux time harmonics are inherently eliminated. As well as giving a detailed explanation of the generalized unified voltage modulation algorithm, the paper presents the comparison
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Author(s): Zhichao Liu, Pengju Kong, Xuezhi Wu, Lipei Huang (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 782-7 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Three-level inverter has gained the advantage over traditional two-level inverter in high-voltage and high-power motor control. In this paper, a 2.2 kW three-level voltage source PWM inverter for ac motor applications is described. Space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm is briefed for this inverter. To avoid the switches of the same bridge leg from turning on simultaneous, dead time is added through hardware circuit to secure the whole system. But it also causes current distortion. In order to compensate the voltage deviation resulting from the dead time, a simple but effective method based on the phase current direction is proposed. The difference between actual output voltages and reference ones is calculated at the beginning of every control cycle, and is compensated immediately. Thanks to the powerful floatingpoint operation capability and high operation precision, TMS320C32 DSP acts as the central unit that implements all the control strategies. PLD is used as PWM generator, which simplifies the structure of the hardware system. At the end of this paper, some simulative and experimental results are given to validate the feasibility (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254099
156 Simulation of an ingenious digital controller for a 6/4 pole switched reluctance motor
Author(s): S. Vijayan, V. Ramprasath, S. Paramasivam, R. Arumugam (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Anna Univ., India) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 1054-9 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper
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Abstract: This paper discusses the process of designing a digital controller for a 6/4 switched reluctance motor (SRM) using VHDL. SRM is gaining importance nowadays as the high RPM of the motor plays a vital role in applications such as hard disk drive motors where high speed is necessary. Designing a controller for such a motor needs the aid of a processor, which has flexibilities in design and high speed in operation. FPGA provides the solution for the above requirement, as it is compact in size and micro programmed in logic. VHDL is very high-speed integrated circuits hardware descriptive language and is used for defining the functionalities of different modules of the controller. By implementing the controller in FPGA, PWM waveforms can be generated from the kit, which is used to drive the gate of the converter circuit. Most of the controllers, which are in use, occupy lot of space and consume a considerable amount of energy. The digital controller presented here has all its algorithms packed in a single chip, which makes the design easy. In this paper both sensor based and indirect control techniques are discussed (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254111
self-study ability, but also high robustness, and let the performance in AC speed adjustment system quickly improved (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254167
159 Rotor fault diagnosis based on fusion estimation of multi-circuit model of induction motor
Author(s): Feng Lu (Affiliation: Dept. of Electron, Hebei Normal Univ., Shijiazhuang, China), Hai-Lian Du, Zhe-Jun Diao, XiYuan Ju Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, China Conference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 2157-61 vol.4 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The breaking of rotor-bar is the common fault of squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM). According to multisensor data fusion theory, a kind of rotor's fault detection system based on multi-sensor data fusion estimation of induction motor's model is provided, which makes use of strong tracking filter's tracking ability to the abrupt state. Through the computer's simulation, the system has strong identification ability and a high estimated accuracy to the parameter variation, and it can make a diagnosis quickly and in time when the fault occurs (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254219
157 Unified voltage modulation method for dualthree-phase induction machine

Author(s): Lin Chen, Fan Yang (Affiliation: Sch. of Inf. Sci. & Technol., Wuhan Univ. of Sci. & Technol., China) Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, China Conference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 672-7 vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In this paper, unified voltage modulation technique for dual three-phase induction machine (DTPIM) is described. The dual three-phase induction machine is composed of two symmetric three-phase winding sets, which are spatially phase-shifted by 30 electrical degrees. The machine is driven by a six-phase Inverter, which is divided into two independent three-phase inverters with a common dc link voltage. Using the concept named "effective time", various carrier-based PWM scheme can be easily implemented to the machine and generalized to multiphase machines with arbitrary three-phase winding sets. The feed-forward (v/f control) scheme is addressed. The validity of the proposed technique is verified by the simulating results (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254121
160 Network turbo unit monitoring system based on advanced diagnostic strategies
Author(s): Yong Zhang, Ning-Ling Wang (Affiliation: North China Electr. Power Univ., Baoding, China) Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, China Conference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 3449-53 vol.6 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: It is a trend to detect and analyze the faults of turbogenerator unit by means of advanced diagnostic theory and open network structure. A turbo-unit fault diagnosis system for shaft monitoring based on the improved RBF neural network diagnostic model is introduced in this paper, by which the typical faults and some new-type ones are to be diagnosed directly, besides it is of the function of modifying the samples continuously. More importantly, an open Browser/Server network structure is proposed to realize the operating condition information sharing among the levels of equipment managers, production managers and remote experts (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254307
158 The application of fuzzy-network control in the AC speed adjustment system

Author(s): Zhong-Qi Chen (Affiliation: Hebei Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Shijiazhuang, China) Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, China Conference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 1109-12 vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper investigates the complicated controlled object. A method of fuzzy network is proposed. Results of simulation research show that the controller has not only high
161 Flatness-based hierarchical control of the PM synchronous motor

Author(s): E. Delaleau (Affiliation: Laboratoire des signaux et systemes, Paris Univ., Gif-sur-Yvette, France), A.M. Stankovic Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control
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Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 65-70 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The paper describes a flatness-based control scheme for the permanent magnet synchronous motor. A hierarchical control is developed and the scheme is shown to be compatible with the flatness properties via a detailed timescale analysis. The proposed control strategy also achieves copper loss minimization at all operating points. Detailed simulations are presented to illustrate stability and robustness properties of the control scheme (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254665
162 Controllability induction machine
analysis
of
an
inverter
fed
Author(s): H. Mosskull (Affiliation: Bombardier Transp., Stockholm, Sweden) Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 76-81 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: A controllability analysis of an induction machine fed by a voltage source inverter is performed to gain understanding of fundamental properties of the process from a control point of view. For example the effects of input constraints on reference tracking as well as disturbance rejection are considered and some of the results are verified through simulations (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254667
Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 84-9 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been widely used in many accurate servo control systems as it has excellent control qualities, large torque coefficient, small ripple torque, and so on. However, the model uncertainty of PMSM has an important effect on the accuracy of control systems. In this paper, the dynamic model for PMSM systems is established in an experimental method. The adaptive model following control law is presented for the position servo system of PMSM, and the motor velocity signal of the adaptive controller is estimated with the velocity observer. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the adaptive control method and show that the position of the PMSM can follow the output of the reference model well (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254669
165 Switching motor control: toward an integrated amplifier design with position feedback
Author(s): G. Niemeyer, J. Fiene (Affiliation: Telerobotics Lab, Stanford Univ., CA, USA) Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 180-5 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In this paper we investigate the advantages and feasibility of motor control using very fast (MHz) switching in place of traditional amplifiers. We also propose an integrated motion-control architecture based on a third-order motor model to be implemented in digital logic at an equally high rate. A switching controller combines the current and position feedback paths into a single loop. A model-based observer estimates the unsensed motor velocity. When compared to second-order controllers implemented with traditional amplifiers, the proposed design promises increased performance, better efficiency, and improved velocity estimation. Advances in semiconductor technology provide the required fast switching and logic with relatively standard components. Preliminary experiments characterized nonlinearities in the motor electrical dynamics and verified good performance at frequencies up to 5 MHz (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254685
163 Adaptive induction machine current control using internal model principle
Author(s): Cheng-Jin Zhang (Affiliation: Sch. of Control Sci. & Eng., Shandong Univ., Jinan, China) Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 82-3 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The inner loop current control plays a key role in the high performance sensorless induction machine control. An adaptive current control scheme for the induction machine is proposed in this report. After employing nonlinear feedforward decoupling technique the controller is constructed along with internal model principle to gain zero steady state error of the machine stator currents. The dead-zone technique is utilized in the gradient adaptive law to enhance the robustness of the control system. The simulation results carried out with MATLAB/SIMULINK are presented to show the effectiveness of the closed-loop current control system (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254668
6.2 DC Machines
166 Transient stabilization of multimachine power systems with nontrivial transfer conductances
Author(s): R. Ortega, M. Galaz (Affiliation: Lab. des Signaux et Syst., Supelec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), A. Astolfi, Yuanzhang Sun, T. Shen Journal: IEEE Trans. Autom. Control (USA), vol.50, no.1, p.60-75 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0018-9286, Full text Document type: Journal article
164 Adaptive position servo control of permanent magnet synchronous motor

Author(s): Liu Mingji (Affiliation: State Key Lab of Automotive Safety & Energy, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China), Cai Zhongqin, Cheng Ximing, Ouyang Minggao
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Abstract: In this paper, we provide a solution to the longstanding problem of transient stabilization of multimachine power systems with nonnegligible transfer conductances. More specifically, we consider the full 3n-dimensional model of the n-generator system with lossy transmission lines and loads and prove the existence of a nonlinear static state feedback law for the generator excitation field that ensures asymptotic stability of the operating point with a well-defined estimate of the domain of attraction provided by a bona fide Lyapunov function. To design the control law we apply the recently introduced interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control methodology that endows the closedloop system with a port-controlled Hamiltonian structure with desired total energy function. The latter consists of terms akin to kinetic and potential energies, thus has a clear physical interpretation. Our derivations underscore the deleterious effects of resistive elements which, as is well known, hamper the assignment of simple "gradient" energy functions and compel us to include nonstandard cross terms. A key step in the construction is the modification of the energy transfer between the electrical and the mechanical parts of the system which is obtained via the introduction of state-modulated interconnections that play the role of multipliers in classical passivity theory (35 refs.) Inspec No.: 8249819
size of the system affect the fuel consumption directly; therefore, power density is one of the most important issues in a standalone generator. Conventional rectification methods cannot achieve the maximum power possible because of a nonoptimal current waveform. The optimal control scheme to maximize power density and minimize machine size and weight in a nonsinusoidal power supply system has been derived, incorporated in a control system, and verified by simulation and experimental work. A new simple algebraic method has been proposed to accomplish the proposed control without a fast Fourier transform which is time consuming and complicated (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250598
169 Electronic commutator with possibility of two zone operation of PMBDC motor
Author(s): K. Krykowski, A. Bodora (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.192, p.91-100 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The issues connected with the brushless direct current motors (PMBDC) two-zone operation are referred to in the paper. The survey of currently known two-zone operation methods of the PMBDC motor is presented. Next, the alternative concept of bridge-half-bridge variable commutator structure is introduced. There is presented the original topology of the electronic commutator, which allows practical realisation of the conception. The principle of the system operation and some selected experimental test results are described too (16 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248874
167 Measurement and control of torque rippleinduced frame torsional vibration in a surface mount permanent magnet machine
Author(s): P. Beccue, J. Neely, S. Pekarek (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO, USA), D. Stutts Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.182-91 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: A sensor to measure the stator torsional vibration due to torque ripple produced by a surface mount permanent magnet machine is first described. The sensor is relatively inexpensive and is straight forward to incorporate into a drive system. Experiments are performed to validate that the voltage produced by the sensor is linearly related to torque ripple amplitude. Closed-loop controllers are then described that adjust the stator current harmonics applied to the machine to achieve a commanded average torque while mitigating measured torsional vibration. Simulation and experimental results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control techniques (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250597
170 The position sensor imperfections and its influence on brushless DC motor motion properties
Author(s): A. Domoracki, J. Hetmanczyk, K. Krykowski (Affiliation: Inst. of Theor. & Ind. Electr. Eng., Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.187, p.25-32 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The paper presents the influence of position sensor (PS) imperfections on brushless DC motor (BLDC) motion properties. The following cases were considered: improper location of the PS, asymmetrical construction and incorrect selection of the Hall sensors. The consequences of these is: deterioration of motion properties, an electromagnetic torque decrease, increase of source current consumption and loss of the power (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248898
168 Practical control for improving power density and efficiency of the BLDC generator
Author(s): Hyung-Woo Lee (Affiliation: Dept. of Theor. & Appl. Mech., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA), Tae-Hyung Kim, M. Ehsani Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.192-9 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents an advanced control technique for maximizing power density and efficiency of the brushless dc generator by using a linear tracking method and also suggests a sub-optimal control method in practical applications. In a generator of given rating, the weight and
171
Keep in step [stepping motors]
Author(s): M. Chekley Journal: Drives Controls (UK), vol.20, no.6, p.M6-8 (June 2004) Publisher: Kamtech Publishing, UK Language: English ISSN: 0950-5490 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper examines the different advantages of stepping motors over servo motors for many applications. The brushless construction of stepping motors gives them longer, maintenance-free lifetimes, and the fact that their drive
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electronics does not require linear amplifiers means there is less heating and that their efficiency is high. Stepping motors can also produce excellent torque at low speed and provide a holding torque at rest, locking all mechanical components and reducing the need for clamps and brakes. In addition, the speed and position of stepper motors can also be controlled accurately without a feedback mechanism. If short, rapid and repetitive moves are needed, the stepper is an economical solution, unless there are also high dynamic requirements Inspec No.: 8249513
results and the experimental observation, the satisfaction of the presented method is confirmed (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254110
174 The PWM electric commutator controlled by singlechip in the brushless DC motor
Author(s): Miao Gao (Affiliation: Coll. of Inf. Sci. & Eng., Hebei Univ. of Sci. & Technol., China) Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, China Conference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 697-700 vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper introduces the PWM (pulse width modulated) trigger circuit and the driving circuit used in the IGBT inverter of the brushless DC motor that is controlled by the singlechip 8098. This design is feasible, simple and economical (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254126
172
Fuzzy logic speed control of a DC motor
Author(s): S. Aydemir (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Kocaeli Univ., Turkey), S. Sezen, H.M. Ertunc Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 766-71 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper presents a simulation of the speed control of a DC motor using fuzzy logic control (FLC) at MATLAB environment. The fuzzy logic controller designed in this study applies the required control voltage based on motor speed error (e) and its change (ce). The performance of the driver system was evaluated through digital simulations using Simulink toolbox of Matlab. The simulation results show that the control with FLC outperforms PI control in terms of overshoot and steady state error (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254096
175
On motion control design and tuning techniques
173 An improved V-A characteristics of switches and its application in coupled field-circuit simulation of permanent magnet brushless DC motor
Author(s): Shuhong Wang, Luhuai Zhao, Jie Qiu, Qingfu Li, Xinghua Wang, Qunfeng Li (Affiliation: Fac. of Electr. Eng., Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 1013-17 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In this paper, an improved V-A characteristics of ideal switches is proposed, which has been applied to the coupled field-circuit dynamic simulation in the brushless DC motor (BLDCM). By means of this method, the circuit equations can be constructed with only one topology, and the switch states can be detected automatically, which enables the versatile of the simulation. Comparing the simulation
Author(s): F.J. Goforth (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Cleveland State Univ., OH, USA) Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 716-21 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The conventional proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller/and some common linear variations to PID, are evaluated along with recently introduced parameterized loop shaping and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC). The evaluation is made using a simulation of a nonlinear DC servomotor driven "pick & place" positioning system that includes control input saturation, power amplifier saturation, motor current limit, viscous and coulomb friction, and gear backlash. The effects of adding torque disturbance, sensor noise, mechanical resonance, and load changes are examined for the various control methods. The relative merits of these control techniques in regards ease of controller design and tuning versus performance are summarized (12 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254732
6.3 Linear Machines 6.4 Small and Special Purpose Electric Machines
176 Study on the contact model of ultrasonic motor considering shearing defomation
Author(s): Li Huafeng, Zhao Chunsheng (Affiliation: Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China), Gu Chenglin Journal: J. Electr. Eng. (Slovakia), vol.55, no.7-8, p.216-20 (2004) Publisher: Slovak Tech. Univ.; Slovak Acad. Sci, Slovakia Language: English ISSN: 1335-3632 Document type: Journal article
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Abstract: The interface contact model between the stator and rotor of a travelling wave type ultrasonic motor is presented, assuming that the rigid stator contacts the flexible rotor over an area, and the frictional material is regarded as a distributed linear spring and without shearing deformation from which the mechanical characteristic of the motor and the interface transmission efficiency are deduced. On this basis, the interface contact model taking account the shearing deformation of the frictional material, which better agrees with the practical situation, is proposed. Then the influences of the motor's parameters on its performance are investigated. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated by other researchers (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248431
179 China ups the motor ante [China's motor manufacturers]

Author(s): M. Budimir Journal: Mach. Des. Int. (USA), vol.76, no.12, p.62-4 (17 June 2004) Publisher: Penton Publishing, USA Language: English ISSN: 0024-9114 Document type: Journal article Abstract: China's motor manufacturers are well versed in small, standard motors and are setting their sights on steppers and servomotors. In terms of design, the Chinese motor manufacturers do well with the iron and copper, core components of any motor. The fact is the overwhelming majority of motors from China are standard, high-volume, commodity-type motors. The truth seems to be that for commodity items that are more labor intensive but, designwise, not too challenging and complex, Chinese manufacturers have the edge simply due to labor costs, but complex designs and custom products remains in the US Inspec No.: 8252863
177 Effect of sampling rate on the performance of fuzzy logic controller for the speed control of DC motor
Author(s): C.S. Parvathi, P. Bhaskar (Affiliation: Dept. of Instrum. Technol., Gulbarga Univ., Raichur, India), A.B. Kulkarni Journal: IETE Tech. Rev. (India), vol.21, no.4, p.291-8 (JulyAug. 2004) Publisher: Instn. Electron. & Telecommun. Eng, India Language: English ISSN: 0256-4602 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The effect of sampling rate on the performance of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for the speed control of DC motor has been studied in this paper. A seven number triangular membership function for fuzzification, if-then rules for decision-making logic and center of gravity (COG) for defuzzification have been used for the FLC. Experimental setup has been made up of DC micromotor, LabVIEW software package. Signal Conditioning extension for Instrumentation (SCXI) cards, data acquisition (DAQ) board and fuzzy logic toolkit. The speed control of DC motor was done for a sampling time of 1 second, 3 seconds, 5 seconds. For slower sampling rate the response of DC motor becomes sluggish and oscillations are observed at the set point (18 refs.) Inspec No.: 8249363
180 Time-delay recurrent dynamic systems control
neural
networks
for
178 Performance improvement of rectangular-plate linear ultrasonic motors using dual-frequency drive
Author(s): Yang Ming, R.C. Richardson, M.C. Levesley, P.G. Walker (Affiliation: Sch. of Mech. Eng., Leeds Univ., UK), K. Watterson Journal: IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control (USA), vol.51, no.12, p.1600-6 (Dec. 2004) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-3010 Document type: Journal article Abstract: To improve the performances of a rectangular-plate linear ultrasonic motor for specific applications, a dualfrequency drive has been proposed and investigated. Through careful design of the rectangular piezoelectric ceramic plate, its first longitudinal resonant frequency coincides with its second lateral bending resonant frequency and is one-third of its higher lateral bending resonant frequency. When a squarewave voltage is used to drive the motor, its first longitudinal and second bending and the higher bending vibration modes are excited. Experimental results show that the maximum thrust force and maximum velocity of the motor are over 170% of those obtained from the single-frequency sine-wave drive when the voltage performance of the motor becomes saturated (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251257
Author(s): Xu Xu (Affiliation: Coll. of Math., Jilin Univ., Changchun, China), Yinghua Lu, Yanchun Liang Editor(s): F.Yin, J.Wang, C.Guo Conference: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings, Dalian, China Conference Date: 19-21 Aug. 2004 Publication: Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004. International Symposium on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. Vol.3174)) Publisher: Springer-Verlag, Germany, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 3 540 22843 8 Page: 104-9 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: A time-delay recurrent neural network (TDRNN) model is presented. TDRNN has a simple structure but far more "depth" and "resolution ratio" in memory. A TDRNN controller for dynamic systems is proposed. A dynamic recurrent back-propagation algorithm is developed and the optimal adaptive learning rates are also proposed to guarantee the global convergence. Numeral experiments for controlling speeds of ultrasonic motors show that the TDRNN has good effectiveness in identification and control for dynamic systems (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8253720
6.5 Transformers
181 Harmonic voltage measurements using CVTs
Author(s): F. Ghassemi (Affiliation: Hathaway Syst. Ltd., Hoddesdon, UK), P. Gale, T. Cumming, C. Coutts Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.4439 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: A method for harmonic measurements in EHV systems is proposed that is based on the measurement of currents in capacitor voltage transformers (CVT) and values of capacitor elements of CVTs. This is the basis of a new technique, which uses current sensors installed within CVTs. Simulation studies and field tests have confirmed the validity and practicability of the technique. In the new method, the input terminal voltage is directly determined and no information about transfer function and burden is required. In
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order to verify the field test results, errors in the CVT output voltage recorded during tests were compensated by the use of the transfer function determined independently in transfer function tests for the same burden. A very good correlation was observed between the two results. The results of field measurements are also presented (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250551
182
Simulation of faults during impulse tests
Author(s): V. Jayashankar, A. Palani (Affiliation: Indian Inst. of Technol. Madras, Chennai, India), S. Usa, K. Udayakumar Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.5245 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Experimental results on fault simulations during impulse tests across windings and other specifically designed networks are reported. Both breakdown and partial discharge studies are conducted with digital acquisition of fault records (2 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250563
Author(s): B. Baron (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotech. Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland), J. Krych Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.186, p.69-82 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents detailed analysis of transient and steady-state operation of a nonlinear transformer on a basis of equivalent circuit model. Simulation program is composed of program class called TTransformator1F, in which all parameters of circuit model are stored as attributes in the private section of a class. The creation of state equations is also a private method. Public section of the class includes the following methods: solution of state equations in transients and in steady-state, and determination of time harmonics of steady-state waveforms (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248909
185 Characteristics of model windings of high-TC superconducting transformer for railway rolling stock
Author(s): H. Kamijo, H. Hata, H. Fujimoto (Affiliation: Railway Tech. Res. Inst., Tokyo, Japan), T. Bohno, K. Sakaki, H. Yamada, M. Iwakuma, K. Funaki Conference: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC, Anchorage, AK, USA Conference Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Sponsor(s): Argonne Nat. Lab.; Cryofab Inc.; Cryomagnetics Inc.; Cryomech Inc.; Fermi Nat. Accelerator Lab.; Oak Ridge Nat. Lab.; Sci. Instruments Inc.; U.S. Dept. of Energy Journal: AIP Conf. Proc. (USA), no.711, pt.2, p.871-8 (2004) Publisher: AIP, USA Language: English ISSN: 0094-243X Document type: Conference paper in journal Abstract: We investigated the possibility of applying high-TC superconducting traction transformer to a rolling stock. In order to achieve a lightweight design, the traction transformer needs to have a special winding structure unlike the experimental high-TC superconducting power transformers fabricated so far. The windings of the traction transformer need to be arranged as closely as possible in a high magnetic field. Then, we fabricated two high-TC superconducting coils that simulated the winding of a high-TC superconducting traction transformer. One is a multi-layer solenoid coil that simulated the primary winding of the transformer. This coil has five layers of a single Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi2223) superconducting tape. The other is a close solenoid coil that simulated the secondary winding of the transformer. This coil has one layer of eight parallel Bi2223 superconducting tapes. In this study, we measured the voltage-current, AC loss, current sharing and over current characteristics of these coils cooled by saturated and subcooled liquid nitrogen (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247295
183 Compensated-current protection of transformers
differential
relay
for
Author(s): Y.C. Kang, E.S. Jin (Affiliation: NPTC & Div. of Electron. & Inf. Eng., Chonbuk Nat. Univ., Chonju, South Korea), S.H. Kang, P.A. Crossley Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151, no.3, p.281-9 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: During magnetic inrush or over-excitation, saturation of the core in a transformer draws a large excitation current, which can cause malfunction of a differential relay. The paper describes a solution, its implementation within a compensated-current differential relay and its evaluation using an EMTP-based simulator and a relay test set. The relay uses the same restraining current as a conventional relay, but the differential current is modified to compensate for the effects of the exciting current. Before the core enters saturation, the relay calculates the core-loss current and uses it to modify the measured differential current. If the core then enters saturation, the initial value of the core flux is obtained by inserting the modified differential current at the start of saturation into the magnetisation curve. The actual core flux seen during a fault or a nonfault event, such as magnetic inrush or over-excitation, is then derived and used in conjunction with the magnetisation curve to calculate the magnetising current. A modified differential current is then derived that compensates for the core-loss and magnetising currents. The operating performance of the compensated current differential relay was compared against a conventional differential relay. Results indicate that the compensated relay remained stable during severe magnetic inrush and overexcitation, because the exciting current was successfully compensated. The paper concludes by implementing the relay on a hardware platform based on a digital signal processor. The relay correctly discriminates magnetic inrush and overexcitation from an internal fault and is not affected by the level of remanent flux (12 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247532
6.6 Power Convertors and Power Supplies to Apparatus

186 Clarification and measurements of high frequency harmonic resonance by a voltage sourced converter
Author(s): K. Temma (Affiliation: Mitsubishi Electr. Corp., Kobe, Japan), F. Ishiguro, N. Toki, I. Iyoda, J.J. Paserba Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.4507 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text
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184 Computer analsis of transient and steady states in a transformer with nonlinear magnetic circuit
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Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents the clarification and measurements of a high-order harmonic resonance phenomenon for voltage sourced converters. When a voltage sourced converter is connected to a power system through a cable, there is a possibility that small, high frequency, harmonic voltages due to the converter are magnified by series and parallel resonances. The cause of the high-order harmonic resonance is investigated and clarified in this paper by analysis using EMTP. It is shown that this high frequency phenomenon can be strongly attenuated and will not cause any problems in a field installation if measures are taken a priori to avoid its impacts. Additionally, the phenomenon is verified by field tests of an actual installation showing that high-order harmonic resonance can occur and is a practical matter to be dealt with. The measurements for the resonance phenomenon are included in this paper. Furthermore, it is shown that this high-order harmonic resonance can be predicted by power system analysis in advance. The procedure of the analysis is investigated and presented here (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250552
189 Discussion of "Direct harmonic analysis of the voltage source converter"

Author(s): A. Mariscotti (Affiliation: Dipt. di Ingegneria, Genova Univ., Italy) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.539 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: For original article by P. Lehn see ibid., vol.18, no.3, p.1034-42, July 2003 (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250573
190 Flexible and low cost design for a flyback AC/DC converter with harmonic current correction
Author(s): Hsing-Fu Liu, Lon-Kou Chang (Affiliation: Electr. & Control Eng. Dept., Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Hsingchu, Taiwan) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.17-24 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This study presents a new simple flyback ac/dc converter with harmonic current correction and fast output voltage regulation. In the proposed ac/dc converter, an extra winding wound in the transformer provides two key advantages. The size of the bulk inductor used in the conventional boost-based power factor correction cell can be significantly reduced in the proposed converter. The voltage across bulk capacitor can be held under 450V by tuning the transformer winding ratio even though the converter operates in a wide range of input voltages (90 V~265V/ac). This new converter complies with IEC 61000-3-2 under the load range of 200 W, and can achieve fast output voltage regulation (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250578
187 Optimization-enabled electromagnetic transient simulation

Author(s): A.M. Gole, S. Filizadeh, R.W. Menzies (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Canada), P.L. Wilson Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.51218 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Electromagnetic transient simulation programs (EMTP-type programs) are powerful tools for the study of a wide range of power system transient problems. This paper introduces a novel tool in which an emtp-type program becomes the objective function evaluator for a nonlinear optimization algorithm. In this approach, the nonlinear optimization program is given control to perform several consecutive runs with a view to minimize (or maximize) the desired objective function, which is computed from the results of each simulation run. Since the optimization algorithm strategically selects the parameters for the emtp run, the overall design process is orders of magnitude faster than that possible from sequential or random (Monte-Carlo-type) multiple-runs of the EMTP-type program. The paper discusses the mechanics of the interface as well as design of objective functions. The power of the proposed method is demonstrated through two examples for the design of power-electronic converters (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250560
191 Flyboost power factor correction cell and a new family of single-stage AC/DC converters
Author(s): Shiguo Luo (Affiliation: Dell Comput. Corp., Round Rock, TX, USA), Weihong Qiu, Wenkai Wu, I. Batarseh Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.25-34 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: A novel power factor correction (PFC) cell, called flyboost, is presented. The proposed PFC cell combines power conversion characteristics of conventional flyback and boost converters. Based on the flyboost PFC cell, a new family of single-stage (S2) ac/dc converters can be derived. Prominent features of newly derived S 2 converters include: three power conversions, i.e., boost, flyback, and another isolated dc/dc power conversions are simultaneously realized that typically uses only one power switch and one simple controller; part of the power delivered to the load is processed only once; bulk capacitor voltage can be clamped to the desired level; and capable of operating under continuous current mode. Experimental results on example converters verify that while still achieving high power factor and tight output regulation, the flyboost PFC cell substantially improve the efficiency of the converter (17 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250579
188 Closure on "Direct harmonic analysis of the voltage source converter"

Author(s): P. Lehn Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.539 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: For original article by P. Lehn see ibid., vol.18, no.3, p.1034-42, July 2003 and for discussion by A. Mariscotti see ibid., vol.20, no.1, p.539, January 2005 Inspec No.: 8250572
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192 Control loop design for two-stage DC-DC converters with low voltage/high current output
Author(s): Julian Yan Zhu, B. Lehman (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA, USA) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.44-55 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents a general analysis framework for control loop design of two-stage converters. The results yield a thorough explanation of various loop design approaches. A three-loop method to extend the system bandwidth is proposed. The new control design algorithm is applied to a 48 V/3.3 V two-stage converter. Experiments verify the effectiveness of the control loop design approach (21 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250581
Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.75-81 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: A three-level, constant-frequency, isolated converter which employs a coupled inductor to achieve zero-voltage switching of the primary switches in the entire line and load range is described. Because the coupled inductor does not appear as a series inductance in the load current path, it does not cause a loss of duty cycle or severe voltage ringing across the output rectifiers. The operation and performance of the proposed converter was verified on a 1-kW prototype (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250584
195 Optimal pulse-width modulation for three-level inverters

Author(s): T. Bruckner (Affiliation: Inst. of Energy & Autom., Technische Univ. Berlin, Germany), D.G. Holmes Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.82-9 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage source inverter is widely used in high power, medium voltage applications. This paper studies continuous and discontinuous pulse-width modulation for this inverter. Detailed analysis of discontinuous modulation shows that the average switching frequency is not directly proportional to the carrier or sampling frequency, since additional switching transitions occur between different regions of discontinuity. At typical switching frequencies for high power applications (up to 2 kHz) these additional transitions contribute significantly to the inverter's total losses, so that a proper comparison of the harmonic performance can only be carried out under constant loss conditions with varying carrier frequency. This comparison is performed for a typical industrial medium voltage inverter. The paper then considers the major issues of neutral-point voltage balancing and loss distribution within the inverter, for the identified optimal modulation schemes (18 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250585
193 A novel self-oscillating, boost-derived DC-DC converter with load regulation

Author(s): Feng-Yin Chen, Tsorng-Juu Liang, R.-L. Lin, JiannFuh Chen (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Cheng Kung Univ., Tainan, Taiwan) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.65-74 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper proposes a novel self-oscillating, boostderived (SOBD) dc-dc converter with load regulation. This proposed topology utilizes saturable cores (SCs) to offer selfoscillating and output regulation capabilities. Conventionally, the self-oscillating dc transformer (SODT) type of scheme can be implemented in a very cost-effective manner. The ideal dc transformer provides both input and output currents as pure, ripple-free dc quantities. However, the structure of an SODTtype converter will not provide regulation, and its oscillating frequency will change in accordance with the load. The proposed converter with SCs will allow output-voltage regulation to be accomplished by varying only the control current between the transformers, as occurs in a pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter. A control network that combines PWM schemes with a regenerative function is used for this converter. The optimum duty cycle is implemented to achieve low levels of input- and output-current ripples, which are characteristic of an ideal dc transformer. The oscillating frequency will spontaneously be kept near-constant, regardless of the load, without adding any auxiliary or compensation circuits. The typical voltage waveforms of the transistors are found to be close to quasisquare. The switching surges are well suppressed, and the voltage stress of the component is well clamped. The turn-on/turn-off of the switch is zero-voltage switching (ZVS), and its resonant transition can occur over a wide range of load current levels. A prototype circuit of an SOBD converter shows 86% efficiency at 48-V input, with 12-V, 100-W output, and presents an operating frequency of 100 kHz (21 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250583
196 Implementation and control of distributed PWM cascaded multilevel inverters with minimal harmonic distortion and common-mode voltage
Author(s): Poh Chiang Loh (Affiliation: Center for Adv. Power Electron., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore), D.G. Holmes, T.A. Lipo Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.90-9 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Cascaded multilevel inverters can be implemented through the series connection of single-phase modular power bridges. This paper presents details on how these bridges should be implemented and operated to synchronize their pulse-width-modulation (PWM) carriers, fundamental references and sampling instances to implement a networkcontrolled cascaded inverter with distributed PWM computation and overall optimal system performance. The paper begins by detailing the development and control of an integrated power bridge, designed with its own digital signal processor and associated control circuitry. Details describing the networked control algorithm and signal protocol needed for synchronizing the multiple power bridges through a
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194
A new three-level soft-switched converter
Author(s): Y. Jang, M.M. Jovanovic (Affiliation: Power Electron. Lab., Delta Products Corp., Res. Triangle Park, NC, USA)
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dynamically fast data communication network, are then presented to achieve optimum harmonic cancellation and reduced common-mode voltage. The practicality and performance of the presented modular implementation concepts have been confirmed through the close match between simulation and experimental results obtained using a modular cascaded five-level inverter prototype (12 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250586
199 A novel random PWM technique with low computational overhead and constant sampling frequency for high-volume, low-cost applications
Author(s): A.M. Trzynadlowski, K. Borisov, Yuan Li, Ling Qin (Affiliation: Electr. Eng. Dept., Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.116-22 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: A novel random pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique for three-phase voltage-source inverters, characterized by low computational overhead, a variable switching frequency, and a constant sampling frequency, is presented. The technique is based on two strategies: 1) the so-called arithmetic PWM (APWM), which yields the same switching patterns as the classic space-vector modulation, but with minimal computational effort and 2) randomization of switching periods by varying the delay of switching cycles with respect to corresponding sampling cycles. Simplicity of the technique, named a variable-delay random PWM (VDRPWM) method, allows its implementation in cheap, low-end processors. It makes the VDRPWM the best choice for highvolume, low-cost applications, such as domestic and automotive ac drives and UPSs. The random aspect of the technique has a mitigating effect on the acoustic and electromagnetic noise emitted by the supplied system. This feature has been confirmed by experiments with a 40-hp induction motor drive (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250589
197 Naturally sampled triangle bandwidth limit and output spectrum
carrier
PWM
Author(s): I. Deslauriers (Affiliation: Telecommun. & Signal Process. Group, McGill Univ., Montreal, Que., Canada), N. Avdiu, Boon Teck Ooi Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.100-6 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper first presents a general theory predicting harmonic components in naturally sampled pulse-width modulation (PWM) output signals, so that any input signal with a Fourier series representation may be handled. This theory provides a basis for the mathematical analysis of PWM systems, such as converters transmitting a main signal and a broadband of feedback or feedforward signals, or Class D amplifiers. Ultimately, the results of this theory are applied to two concrete problems, and conditions similar to the Nyquist theorem or Carson's rule for FM modulation are derived for the cases of recovery of an input signal consisting of a main signal and a bandwidth of small feedback or feedforward signals and a bandlimited signal consisting of several harmonics of comparable magnitude. A rule of thumb, and conservative estimate of the bandwidth in both cases is one third of the carrier frequency (upper<(1/3)c). This research has been based on the premise that the results obtained will provide valuable insight into the general behavior of PWM systems, and provide a supporting theory for concrete systems utilizing signals of this kind, such as PWM converters whose purpose is to ensure a dominant sinusoidal waveform along with a broadband frequency channel for small feedback signals (16 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250587
200 Effects of imbalances and nonlinear loads on the voltage balance of a neutral-point-clamped inverter
Author(s): J. Pou (Affiliation: Dept. of Electron. Eng., Tech. Univ. of Catalonia, Spain), D. Boroyevich, R. Pindado Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.123-31 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The effects of linear imbalances and nonlinear loads on the voltage balance of the neutral-point-clamped converter are described in this paper. The study reveals that a negative sequence of output currents (linear imbalance) may produce additional low-frequency oscillations to the neutral-point voltage. Similar consequences are produced by odd-order current harmonics from a nonlinear load, while even-order harmonics can cause the neutral-point voltage to shift. Furthermore, the second, fourth, and eighth output current harmonics might produce instability to the neutral-point voltage. The second and fourth harmonics are the worst components. The maximum amplitudes of these harmonics superposed to the current fundamentals that the system can tolerate are described. Simulated and experimental examples are presented (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250590
198 Control implementation of a five-leg AC-AC converter to supply a three-phase induction machine
Author(s): A. Bouscayrol, B. Francois, P. Delarue (Affiliation: Lab. of Electr. Eng., Univ. de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France), J. Niiranen Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.107-15 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: A fault-tolerant ac-ac converter capable of supplying a three-phase induction machine from the grid with an unitary power factor has been proposed. With one faulted converter leg, two of the remaining five legs are connected to the grid, two legs are connected to the machine, and a common leg is shared by the grid and the machine. The previously developed control strategy required a too great computation time for practical implementation. In this paper, a new control strategy is suggested for this power converter. It enables an easier control implementation. Experimental results are provided (20 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250588
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201 A simple method for suppression of resonance oscillation in PWM current source converter
Author(s): Y. Neba (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Fukuoka Univ., Japan) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.132-9 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article
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Abstract: This paper deals with a suppression method for the resonance oscillation in the ac side of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) current source converter. The converter is operated with the PWM switching pattern which is generated by the full digital control of computer software. The resonance current, caused by the LC low pass filter at the step change of the pattern, can be effectively suppressed by one pulse control of the pattern. The proposed method does not need to have the feedback loop of the current/voltage and does not offer the switching stress of the devices. The switching timing of the control is determined by pre-calculation of the off-line in consideration of the circuit constants. The experimental and the simulated results in the single-phase and the three-phase PWM converters are given, compared with those without the control, and show good response of the supply current (16 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250591
kW prototype is built up and the experimental results are presented to verify the analysis (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250593
204 A 13W inverter with grid connection and active power filtering based on nonlinear programming and fast-zero-phase detection algorithm
Author(s): Tsai-Fu Wu, Chih-Lung Shen, Hung-Shou Nein, Guang-Feng Li (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Chung Cheng Univ., Chia-Yi, Taiwan) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.218-26 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents design and implementation of a single-phase three-wire (13W) inverter with grid connection and active power filtering which is based on nonlinear programming and fast-zero-phase detection (FZPD) algorithm. The proposed inverter system can transmit photovoltaic power, compensate harmonic currents, supply reactive power, and balance power at source side even when the line voltages are highly distorted. Simulated and experimental results have verified the FZPD algorithm and demonstrated that when the voltage sources are highly distorted, the proposed inverter system can yield better power quality over that with conventional zero-crossing-detection algorithm (18 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250601
202 Predictive digital control of power factor preregulators with input voltage estimation using disturbance observers
Author(s): P. Mattavelli (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr., Univ. of Udine, Italy), G. Spiazzi, P. Tenti Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.140-7 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The paper presents a fully digital control of singlephase boost power factor preregulators (PFPs) based on inductor (or switch) current and output voltage measurements. Input voltage sensing is avoided using a disturbance observer, which provides a waveform proportional to the rectified input voltage. The proposed solution is based on a multiloop structure for PFPs with an internal deadbeat current control and a conventional outer voltage control, possibly with fast dynamic response. The resulting control algorithm is simple, accurate, and robust with respect to parameter mismatch. The digital control has been implemented both in a field programmable gate array and in a digital signal processor (TMS320F2812), to test the proposed algorithm with different control delays. Experimental results on a single-phase boost PFPs show the effectiveness of the proposed solution (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250592
205 Flexible multiobjective control of power converter in active hybrid fuel cell/battery power sources
Author(s): Zhenhua Jiang, Lijun Gao, R.A. Dougal (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.244-53 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Hybrid power sources composed of fuel cells and secondary batteries can combine the high energy density of fuel cells with the high power density of batteries. A dc/dc power converter can be placed between the fuel cell and the battery to balance the power flow and greatly augment the peak output power. This paper presents a novel, flexible strategy for multiobjective control of the power converter in the hybrid power source. The control strategy is able to regulate the output current of the fuel cell and the charging current or voltage of the battery while limiting the discharging current of the battery. It can be used in two different configurations without any change. The control strategy is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and tested by simulation and experiments. Simulation and experimental results show that the multiobjective control strategy is able to select the regulation mode correctly and the fuel cell current, battery current and battery voltage are regulated appropriately. Experiment results demonstrate the great flexibility and generality of the control strategy and validate that the peak power capacity of the active hybrid power source is increased significantly. Simulation and experiment results also show that power converter can be appropriately regulated to meet the multiple objectives required by hybrid power sources (17 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250604
203 filter
Power factor correction using a series active
Author(s): Zhiguo Pan, F.Z. Peng, Suilin Wang (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.148-53 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents a low-cost approach to power factor correction (PFC) of single-phase diode rectifiers using a series active filter. Comparing with the traditional PFC, the proposed PFC has lower requirements of power device ratings, which leads to lower cost, higher efficiency, and lower electromagnetic interference. It also can eliminate the bulky inductor needed in the traditional PFC. The topology, operation principle, and application issues of the proposed PFC are analyzed in this paper. The control strategy is discussed in detail and simulation results are provided. A 1-
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206 Power converter based method for suppressing power capacitor harmonic current
Author(s): J.-C. Wu (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Kuan Shan Univ. of Technol., Tainan, Taiwan), H.-L. Jou, K.-D. Wu, Y.-T. Kuo, Y.-J. Chang Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151, no.3, p.341-6 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The damage to power capacitors caused by harmonic pollution was very serious in recent years due to the wide spread of power electronic related, nonlinear loads. The violent failure of power capacitors may result in power interruption and even accidents in industry. In this paper, a novel converter based protection method is proposed for protecting the power capacitor from harmonic damage. A power converter, serially connected to the power capacitor, is used to generate the harmonic components of utility voltage in the proposed method. Hence, the harmonic voltage across the power capacitor is cancelled. It means that the voltage dropped in the power capacitor will be maintained as sinusoidal, despite the waveform distortion of the utility voltage; the current flowing through the power capacitor is then also sinusoidal. Therefore, the power capacitor will not be damaged by the harmonic. A prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of the proposed method. The test results show that the proposed method has the expected performance (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247522
The resonant DC link outputs a DC pulse voltage, thus providing zero-voltage-switching condition for power devices in inverter bridge. Compared with the hard-switching inverter, the current pulsation of output filter inductor and the voltage stress of power devices in the inverter bridge are raised because of the DC pulse voltage. For this reason, this paper proposes a novel variable-frequency control strategy of absorber power device for forward DC link soft-switching inverter. The control logic is given. The operational modes of inverter are analyzed and experimental results are presented. Performance contrasts under constant-frequency and variable-frequency control of absorber power device are analyzed by simulation. This control strategy is benefitable for reducing the voltage stress of power devices in inverter bridge and improving the efficiency of inverter. The power devices realize zero-voltage-switching as before (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248182
209 Interaction analysis between DC/DC converter and inverter

Author(s): Zhu Cheng-hua, Shi Jian-jiang, Yan Yang-guang (Affiliation: Aero-Power Sci-Tech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China) Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36, no.5, p.574-8 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615 Document type: Journal article Abstract: When an inverter is operated from a DC/DC converter, the possibility exists on undesirable interactions between DC/DC converter and inverter. Consequently, to ensure the effective operation of the entire power system, the interactions are analyzed. DC/DC converter output voltage contains plentiful low-frequency ripple caused by the nonlinear inverter load. In reverse, the ripple causes bad step load response: inverter output voltage is distorted and dynamic performance is degraded. Two kinds of inductor current operate mode of DC/DC converter with the inverter load are proposed i. e. quick race mode and average trace mode. Under condition that the capacitor on the input port of the inverter is unchanged, the quick trace mode is propitious to minish DC/DC converter output voltage ripple and to improve dynamic performance of the inverter. Finally, experimental results prove the accuracy of theoretical analysis confirms (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248183
207 Multi-level voltage reinjection - a new concept in high voltage source conversion
Author(s): Y.H. Liu, J. Arrillaga, N.R. Watson (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand) Journal: IEE Proc., Gener. Transm. Distrib. (UK), vol.151, no.3, p.290-8 (15 May 2004) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 1350-2360, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: A voltage source converter is proposed, in which the multi-step output voltage waveform is achieved by the reinjection of different DC voltage levels via the common neutral point of the converter bridges. The number of clamping switches are substantially reduced, permitting the use of higher level numbers to achieve very low distortion without the assistance of PWM. The reinjection concept causes the voltage across the main bridges to vary in step waveforms and the commutations in the main valves to occur at zero voltage, with considerably reduced dynamic voltage stress and switching losses (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247526
210 Fast algorithm for space vector PWM in three phase power factor correction applications
Author(s): Fang Yu, Xing Yan (Affiliation: Aero-Power SciTech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China) Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36, no.5, p.579-83 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615 Document type: Journal article Abstract: A novel algorithm for space vector pulse width modulation in three phase power factor correction applications is proposed. Time durations for the active vectors formed by the sector containing the desired reference voltage vector are directly calculated by matrix pre-decomposing, without looking up sinusoidal and tangential tables, based on TMS320F240. Therefore running speed and control precise of the program can be improved. As a result the switching frequency and
208 Soft-switching inverter based on frequency control of absorber power device
variable-
Author(s): Xiao Lan, Li Qi-ming, Yan Yang-guang (Affiliation: Aero-Power Sci-Tech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China) Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36, no.5, p.569-73 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615 Document type: Journal article Abstract: A resonant DC link soft-switching inverter is composed of resonant DC converter and full-bridge inverter.
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power density of the rectifier are increased. A new method for detecting the sector is given. Finally simulation and experimental results are given to verify the algorithm (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248184
211 Research on the cascaded inverter with voltage and current instantaneous control
Author(s): Xie Shao-jun, Chen Wan (Affiliation: Coll. of Autom. Eng., Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China) Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36, no.5, p.589-94 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615 Document type: Journal article Abstract: A cascaded inverter based on frequency-doubling carrier phase shifted SPWM (CPS-SPWM) and instantaneous control technology is studied. By adopting frequency-doubling technology, the equivalent switching frequency of the inverter is increased and the volume of filter can be reduced. Instantaneous control technology can quicken the dynamic response and improve the adaptive capability under nonlinear load conditions. The output characteristic of the inverter can be prominently improved by adopting capacitor-current feedback in the current loop. Simulation and experimental results validate that the cascaded inverter based on instantaneous control has good static and dynamic characteristics (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248186
Abstract: An interleaved two-transistor forward converter with the zero voltage switching (ZVS) is presented. This converter retains the advantages of two-transistor forward converter, such as low switch voltage stress, high reliability, and has only two camping diodes in comparison with the conventional interleaved two-transistor forward converter. Moreover the converter achieves ZVS of the active switches and eliminates the voltage overshoot of the output rectifying diodes. The operational principle, the output characteristics and the condition of ZVS turn-on of the switches are illustrated. And the effectiveness of the given converter topology is verified by a 2 kW prototype. Finally, experimental results are given (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248190
214 Stability analysis and design of two-stage power factor correction (PFC) converter with wide output voltage range
Author(s): Mu Xin-hua, Wang Jun (Affiliation: Aero-Power SciTech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China) Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36, no.5, p.615-18 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Because the output voltage of boost converters is higher than the input, the popular single-stage boost PFC one is not satisfactory to the wide output voltage range. To make the output voltage be variable, the two-stage PFC circuit is considered to be a reasonable topology. Since the severe nonlinear nature introduced by switch power electronics devices, the interactions between two modules and the stability of the whole system must be investigated. This paper analyzes the output impedance of the front-end converter and input impedance of the second converter according to the output voltage and loads, and designs the parameter of voltage feedback loop, thus guaranteeing the stability with desired gain and phase margin. A 1 kW prototype is built with wide output voltage range (150-360 V) and the designing correctness is verified by an experiment (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248191
212 Isolated interleaving two-transistor forward boost converter

Author(s): Liang Yong-chun, Yan Yang-guang (Affiliation: Aero-Power Sci-Tech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China) Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36, no.5, p.600-5 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The isolated boost converter is attractive in applications such as single stage power factor correction with isolation requirement and bi-directional DC/DC converters. A novel isolated interleaving two-transistor forward boost converter is proposed based on the inherent limitations of isolated push-pull boost converter and isolated full-bridge boost converter. This converter has less switch voltage stress, and has no transformer saturation. In all switches, zero wattage switching can be obtained which can apparently improve the power density. Its operating principle and working process are described. At last, a 500 W prototype is built and tested to verify the characteristic of the converter (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248188
215 Contrast and analysis of the results computed by 2-D magnetohydrodynamics code MFCG III and experiment results
Author(s): Wang Yu-zhi, Wang Gui-rong, Dong Zhi-wei, Zhao Qiang (Affiliation: Inst. of Appl. Phys. & Comput. Math., Beijing, China) Journal: High Power Laser Part. Beams (China), vol.16, no.10, p.1307-12 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Nucl. Soc. China, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1001-4322 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In this paper, computational code MFCG III of the explosive magnetic field compression generator (MFCG) are developed based on the analytic formulas of magnetic field, stream function and induced current for the process of charge and compression. Under the same conditions, computational results obtained by 2-D MFCG III code coincide with results obtained by experiment. Therefore, the design optimization can be achieve by MFCG IE for MFCG tests and the concerned physical problems can be analyzed and explained by MFCG III in MFCG tests (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248271
213 Interleaved two-transistor forward converter with zero voltage switching (ZVS)
Author(s): Wang Hui-zhen, Zhou Ping-sen (Affiliation: AeroPower Sci-Tech Center, Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China) Journal: J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. (China), vol.36, no.5, p.610-14 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Dept. J. Nanjing Univ. Aeronaut. & Astronaut, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1005-2615 Document type: Journal article
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216 Random modulation algorithms implementation r-IPDM for control of class DU series resonant inverter
Author(s): T. Biskup, M. Kasprzak, K. Bodzek (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.192, p.19-28 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The work concerns the control strategy of output power of half bridge class D series resonant inverter. The proposed control strategy is based on integral pulse density modulation (IPDM) but what is new, the integral pulse is randomly set in modulation period. The r-IPDM ensures ZCS conditions of transistors and allows operation at relatively high switching frequency with output power in range 15-100%. The main idea of this paper is to emphasize advantages of r-IPDM strategy compared to standard IPDM. The r-IPDM is characterised in spread output current spectrum and broadband noise spectrum. The paper contains the idea of the control strategy and results of measurements (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248867
219 Power losses at switching devices of five-level diode-clamped inverter

Author(s): M. Zygmanowski, T. Biskup (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland), C. Buhrer, B. Grzesik, J. Krijgsman, J. Michalak, S. Pasko Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.192, p.131-42 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Power losses at switching devices of five-level diode-clamped inverter are the subject of the paper. The control with elimination of fifth harmonic in output voltage is analyzed. There is three-phase inductive load of the inverter. Power losses are presented as a function of modulation index. Power losses of each switching device as well as total power losses are given in the paper (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248878
220 Random integral pulse density modulationcontrol strategy for class D and DE resonant inverters
Author(s): T. Biskup, M. Kasprzak, S. Gorka (Affiliation: Inst. of Tech. & Ind. Electr. Eng., Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.187, p.17-24 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The work concerns the control strategy of output power of half bridge class D (DE) series resonant inverter. The control is realised inside the inverter. The proposed control strategy is based on integral pulse density modulation (IPDM) but what is new, the integral pulse is randomly set in modulation period. The r-IPDM ensures ZCS conditions of transistors and allows operation at relatively high switching frequency. The main idea of this paper is to emphasize advantages of r-IPDM strategy compared to standard IPDM. The r-IPDM characterised in spread output current spectrum and broadband noise spectrum. The paper contains the idea of the control strategy and results of measurements: inverter output voltages and current, output power control, Fourier analysis of the output current, noise spectrum. The control system bases on Hitachi H8/3048 16-bit microcontroller. It is concluded that the half bridge series resonant inverter together with the proposed r-IPDM control strategy is attractive solution for e.g. high frequency induction heating applications (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248897
217 Maps of operation of class D, DE, E inverters with variable load parameters
Author(s): Z. Kaczmarczyk (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.192, p.75-84 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The influence of load parameters L, R on operation modes of class D, DE and E inverters is presented and considered in this paper. It is made on the basis of the plane of relative parameters (R/Ropt, L/Lopt) for fixed values of capacitances and a finite quality factor Q of the inverters. Operating frequency and switch duty ratio are also taken into account. Some simulation results for selected points from the plane of relative parameters (R/Ropt , L/Lopt) are given as an illustration (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248872
218 Class DE, 8 MHz resonant inverter with sinusoidal gate driver of MOSFET
Author(s): M. Kasprzak (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.192, p.85-90 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The work concerns the class DE resonant inverter with the sinusoidal gate driver of MOSFET's. The sinusoidal driver is based on a Class D inverter supplying two gate drive transformers. The class DE 8 MHz/200 W inverter is based on IRF740LC low charge MOSFETs. Class D driving inverter is based on solid RF driver DEIC420 type. The paper contains schema of the inverter, laboratory measurements and SPICE simulation results. In the optimum commutation mode the 88% efficiency of inverter was obtained. Positive results of laboratory measurements allows to design a similar 1 kW/16 MHz inverter based on RF dedicated MOSFET (12 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248873
221
800 W, 16 MHz laboratory class E inverter
Author(s): Z. Kaczmarczyk, B. Grzesik (Affiliation: Inst. of Theor. & Ind. Electr. Eng., Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.187, p.71-8 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: English ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The paper describes the design and performance of a high-efficient, 800 W, 16 MHz class E inverter without an external shunt capacitor. The inverter is built employing a DESERIES MOSFET and a gate driver from Directed Energy, Inc. (DEI). Inverter design and inverter performance characteristics are presented and compared to the results obtained from SPICE simulation. A slightly different configuration, class EF inverter, is analysed as an example of
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possibility for improvement of the class E inverter performance (12 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248902
225
An example of intelligent power-supply design
222 Application of space vector theory in three phase pulse converter

Author(s): Hu Bing, Tao Sheng-gui, Kang Jin-song (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Tongji Univ., Shanghai, China) Journal: J. Tongji Univ., Nat. Sci. (China), vol.32, no.7, p.9525 (July 2004) Publisher: Tongji Univ, China Language: English ISSN: 0253-374X Document type: Journal article Abstract: The space vector theory is applied to a three-phase pulse converter, thus to simplify the computation on a large extent. In this article, by introducing the rotation axis conversion and state space description into the converter, two kinds of model structures are presented, and then simulated based on Matlab/Simulink. By analyzing the result of the simulation, the lined model approaches to the result of the precise model as well as the practical one, thus simplifying the simulation model (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8249107
Author(s): K. Curtis (Affiliation: Microchip Technol., Chandler, AZ, USA) Journal: Power Electron. Technol. (USA), vol.30, no.9, p.28-33 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Intertec Publishing, USA Language: English ISSN: 1523-4908 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The design of a 24 V to 5 V DC-DC buck regulator is presented in this paper. The design of buck regulator was broken into two section: (i) power chain and (ii) microcontroller. The power chain was based on the Texas instrument UC3847 chip. The microcontroller had to be able to control the output voltage of the power chain. Another issue in power-supply design is reliability, which is also discussed in this paper Inspec No.: 8249749
226 Overpower supplies
compensation
for
current-mode
223 The mathematic model of transient over-voltage for thyristor-converter and the design of parameters for its protective circuit
Author(s): Liu Yan-ping, Wang Bao-zhu (Affiliation: Sch. of Inf. Eng., Hebei Univ. of Technol., Tianjin, China), Li Zhi-jun Journal: J. Hebei Univ. Technol. (China), vol.33, no.5, p.64-8 (2004) Publisher: Hebei University of Technology, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2373 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper analyses the causes of transient overvoltage for thyristor-converter and schemes of protection, establish the model of transient over-voltage for thyristor. It also provides the method of choosing the parameters of protective circuit to deal with commutation spike and gives an example in detail (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8249655
Author(s): C. Basso (Affiliation: ON Semicond., Toulouse, France ) Journal: Power Electron. Technol. (USA), vol.30, no.9, p.76-7 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Intertec Publishing, USA Language: English ISSN: 1523-4908 Document type: Journal article Abstract: A current-mode power supply works by observing the peak current circulating in an inductance. The operating principle of current-mode PWM converter and the effect of the propagation delay is discussed in this paper Inspec No.: 8249752
227 A ZVZCS PWM TL converter using auxiliary network in transformer secondary side
Author(s): Wu Sheng-hua, Wu Bao-fang, Quan jian-zhou, Zhong Yan-ping, Yao Guo-shun (Affiliation: Air Force Radar Acad., Wuhan, China) Journal: Proc. CSEE (China), vol.24, no.9, p.177-81 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Chinese Soc. Electr. Eng, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 0258-8013 Document type: Journal article Abstract: A novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching (ZVZCS) PWM three-level converter is proposed, which introduces an auxiliary winding in transformer secondary side. The voltage of auxiliary winding provides ZCS, condition for lagging switches. The problem that soft switching of lagging switches is difficult to be achieved at light load is resolved very well in the new circuit topology and voltage stress of power devices is reduced when input voltage is high. An auxiliary circuit includes neither loss component nor active switches. This new converter has many advantages such as simple circuit topology, high efficiency and low cost make it attractive for high capacity power and high voltage applications. The operation principle during each period of time is analyzed, design considerations and experimental results are presented (4 kW prototype of converter) (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251537
224 Development of energy-saving multifunctional devices (copier) AR-266 series
digital
Author(s): Y. Maitani, S. Maehara, T. Makiura, Y. Nishimoto Journal: Sharp Tech. J. (Japan), no.89, p.67-70 (Aug. 2004) Publisher: Sharp Co, Japan Language: Japanese ISSN: 02850362 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The present series of digital multifunctional devices (copier) AR-266 has the unique power-supply system with two-converters and a newly developed data-reception monitoring IC. The latter senses the data-reception for printer/ facsimile and the status of operation to control the main power-supply. This IC, supplied by one of the converters, disabling the main power-supply in stand-by mode contribute to 80% of energy saving. Besides, we employed a thin heating-roller system to realize a instantaneous heating for fixation and achieved a 3.6 times increase in energyconsumption efficiency as compared with our previous models. Thus we achieved the highest efficiency in the present series both in stand-by mode and in operation modes Inspec No.: 8249743
228 Experimental evaluation of the influence of modern MOSFET devices on the phase node ringing in VRM power converters
Author(s): S. Musumeci, R. Pagano, A. Raciti, G. Belverde, C. Guastella, M. Melito (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Syst. Eng., Catania Univ., Italy)
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Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/18-25 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The paper deals with the impact of the last generation MOSFETs on the ringing phenomenon occurring on the phase-node of a buck converter, which is utilized as voltage regulator module (VRM). In particular, the present paper deals with the behavior of the converter with reference to the low-side MOSFET switch. In fact, the impact of the device behavior has been analyzed in order to better understand the effects on the voltage transient of the phasenode. The influence of the electrical parameters that concern this topic, such as the gate equivalent impedance and the board layout influence, has been investigated in an actual buck converter. Moreover, aiming to individuate a good solution to limit the parasitic transient, two different choices of the low-side switch have been realized by implementing a trench-MOSFET and a strip-layout MOSFET. Finally, the main theoretical and experimental results are analyzed and discussed (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254049
Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Today the significant part of equipment for FACTS and power motor drives are based on series connected turnoff power semiconductor devices (IGCT or IGBT). The similar and the difference between high voltage turn-off valve (HVTV) based on IGCTs or IGBTs are considered, such as air or liquid cooling option, snubber configuration, acceptable length of semiconductor stack and specific features of drivers for HVTV (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254056
231
Analyzing of the MOSFET turn-off
229 Preventive technical maintainance of PWM and cyclo type power converters
Author(s): A. Gasparyan (Affiliation: Dept. of Marine Electr. Autom., Latvian Maritime Acad., Riga, Latvia), G. Lauza, V. Uzars Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/60-3 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The parameter concept of safety of power semiconductor devices is offered considering the exceeding certain rationed values of a particular informative parameter as a failure. The results of experimental data as well as statistical analyses are presented in the paper. Statistical models of parameter drift and the forecast of rationed values of informative parameters are offered as the basis for preventive technical maintenance (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254055
Author(s): O. Tezak, D. Dolinar, M. Milanovic (Affiliation: Fac. of Electr. Eng., Maribor Univ., Slovenia) Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/71-5 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Presented is the analysis and the design of the turnoff snubber circuits for low power DC-DC converters realized with MOSFETs. The appropriate usage of the snubber circuit can increase the power range of the low-power DC-DC converters available as integrated circuit. The evaluation of snubber circuit is based on experimental results. The power transistor dissipation can be 30% lower in the case that the efficiency of converter not changes. Benefits, drawbacks and limits of the proposed approach are detailed and studied (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254058
232 Planar controlled-leakage-inductance transformer with magnetic shunt application in resonant AC/DC converter
Author(s): V. Leonavicius (Affiliation: Nat. Microelectron. Res. Centre, Cork, Ireland), M. Duffy, S.C. O Mathuna Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/87-94 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The design of a planar controlled-leakageinductance transformer for a resonant converter application is presented. Transformer leakage inductance between loosely coupled primary and secondary windings is controlled by means of a magnetic shunt inserted between two planar E core halves. This magnetic component combines the functions of a resonant inductor and a transformer, and is investigated in an AC/DC converter with a series resonant topology. The electrical performance and power losses of the new integrated component are compared with a discrete planar magnetics realization. A comparison of commercial magnetic materials that are suitable for use in the magnetic shunt is given, which emphasizes their impact on total component losses (24 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254061
230
High voltage turn-off valves design principles
Author(s): V.I. Galanov, M.K. Gurevich, Y.A. Shershnev (Affiliation: High Voltage Direct Current Power Transmission Res. Inst., St. Petersburg, Russia) Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/64-5 Vol.2
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233
Pulse rectifier current-type is friendly to EMC
Author(s): P. Hlisnikovsky, P. Chlebis (Affiliation: Dept. of Power Electron. & Electr. Drives, Tech. Univ. of Ostrava, Czech Republic) Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/118-22 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This document deals with the three-phase pulse rectifier current-type as a modern controlled rectifier, which is suitable for speed control of DC motors or as an input unit of indirect frequency converters current-type, because its low emissions of harmonics to network, controlled power factor, quick reaction on control changes and excellent regulation of the output rectified current. There is a comparison of the converter with usual phase-controlled thyristor rectifier. The modulation method of the rectifier, the vector pulse width modulation, is also described in the contribution as well as other parts of the control like synchronization with the supply voltage and the power factor of the converter. The measured results on realized physical models are enclosed at the end of the contribution (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254064
Author(s): M. Ferdowsi, A. Emadi, M. Telefus (Affiliation: Grainger Power Electron. & Motor Drives Lab., Illinois Inst. of Technol., Chicago, IL, USA), C. Davis Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/133-8 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Pulse regulation, a fixed frequency control technique, is introduced and applied to buck, boost and buckboost converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The control parameters are designed in a way that the converter operates as close as possible to the critical conduction mode. In contrast to the conventional pulse width modulation (PWM) control scheme, the principal idea of pulse regulation is to achieve output voltage regulation using high and low power pulses. Pulse regulation is simple, cost effective, and enjoys a fast dynamic response. In this paper, main mathematical concept of the new control algorithm is introduced and simulations as well as experimental results are presented (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254067
234 A simplified control for inverters in parallel operation

Author(s): Lan Xiao, Lei Huang (Affiliation: Coll. of Autom. Eng., Nanjing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., China) Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/123-7 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The control strategy that regulates the phase and the amplitude of the output voltage according to output active power and reactive power respectively is adopted generally in inverter parallel techniques. However, active power and reactive power are related to both voltage amplitude and voltage phase. This paper deduces the output impedance of the inverter and discusses the relationship between active power, reactive power and amplitude and phase of output voltage. The decouple control strategy can be realized through circuit parameters design. The influence of component's tolerance on output voltage is discussed. Then a simplified load-sharing control strategy based on phase-synchronization and amplitude-regulation of reference voltage is proposed and the model of parallel system is established. Performance of a parallel system is analyzed and experimental results are given (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254065
236 Improving perturbation rejection connected to the grid through an LCL-filter
of
VSC's
Author(s): E.J. Bueno, F. Espinosa, F.J. Rodriguez, S. Cobreces (Affiliation: Dept. of Electron., Alcala Univ., Madrid, Spain) Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/139-48 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The aim of this paper is to propose a solution set to improve the converter behaviour for the system perturbations. A current controller of VSCs connected to the grid through an LCL-filter is presented. The proposed algorithm controls the grid current using only two sensor sets. Other variables are obtained with a state estimator, and the possible disturbances of the system are attenuated with active damping. Besides, other algorithms complementary to the current controller are presented. The control algorithms have been tested by simulation for different disturbances, such as temporal variations in the components of the model and perturbations in the grid, and also with linear and nonlinear models of the converter (17 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254068
237 SEPP-ZVS high frequency inverter incorporating an auxiliary switch for induction heating applications
Author(s): H. Ogiwara, T. Sugai, M. Itoi (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Ashikaga Inst. of Technol., Japan), M. Nakaoka Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS;
235 A new control technique for DC-DC converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode
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FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/149-54 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper presents a novel circuit topology to attain ZVS operation of a high frequency inverter over a wide regulation range of its output power for induction heating applications. It is performed by connecting an auxiliary switch to the conventional single ended push-pull (SEPP) high frequency inverter, A switching current is introduced into the main switches via the auxiliary switch for its ZVS operation only during the short interval between its turn-on and off times (2 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254069
the dynamic performance and the time constant of the RC network connected to the inductor are clarified. In addition, a simple compensation circuit to improve the steady-state error and the settling time of the transient responses is proposed without employing any active devices (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254072
240 Advanced control principle of single phase voltage source inverter

Author(s): Yonghua Cheng, P. Lataire (Affiliation: TW-ETEC, Vrije Univ., Brussels, Belgium) Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/186-90 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The main concerns in the integrated applications of the fundamental components control and harmonics compensation are that a good operation condition and a fast response of the inverter should be ensured. The idea of single phase measurements to complex vector conversion has been carried out which easily sets up a linearised model of the nonlinear system in an unbalanced power system. The control principle of single phase dual coupled VSI (voltage source inverter) was based on this idea and the function of harmonics compensation was integrated in it. Our prototype system had quick response in the experiment of dynamic voltage restoration on the weak distribution networks. High cost efficiency and high power quality can be achieved (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254074
238
PWM boost type converter connected to the grid
Author(s): M. Odavic (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Machines, Drives & Autom., Zagreb Univ., Croatia), S. Sladic, Z. Jakopovic Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/167-72 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper analyses impact of a boost three-phase PWM voltage source converter to the grid. By proper control strategy, it can be achieved unity power factor and nearly sinusoidal currents on the AC side of a converter. This type of a converter can operate as a rectifier as well as an inverter depending of the connected load. The active and reactive power can be fully controlled by controlling the magnitude and phase of converter voltage on the AC side of a converter. To achieve all of these benefits, a PWM boost type converter must operate in an advanced closed control loop. Voltage oriented control (VOC) with inner current control loop is implemented on DSpace platform and the whole algorithm is modelled in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Results with symmetrical SPWM modulator are presented (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254071
241 Autodisturbance rejection application to DC-DC converters
control
and
its
239 Control characteristics of a buck converter with a hysteretic PWM controller

Author(s): T. Nabeshima, T. Sato (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron., Oita Univ., Japan), S. Yoshida, S. Chiba, K. Onda Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/173-9 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper presents control characteristics of a buck converter with a hysteretic PWM controller consists only of a comparator having a hysteresis. By the examinations of the dynamic characteristics of the converter both in the time domain and the frequency domain, the relationship between
Author(s): Li Qiao, Wu Jie (Affiliation: ASTEC Lab., South China Univ. of Technol., Guangzhou, China) Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/191-4 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: A new type of nonlinear PID control method-autodisturbance rejection control (ADRC) applied in DC-DC converter is proposed in this paper. The control theory and the structure of ADRC are presented, the simulation and experimental results of its control effects when applied to buck-boost DC-DC converter are also given. By precise MATLAB simulations and experiment with the parameters perturbation of buck-boost model and the extraneous disturbance, it proves that ADRC controller can result in good effects such as strong robustness, stability and adaptability when applied to the DC-DC converters. ADRC not only overcomes the disadvantages of the conventional PID, but also remains its advantages of the simple structure and strong robustness. It is demonstrated that ADRC is an effective
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control method and it has a promising future in the control for nonlinear system and unstable plant (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254075
244 The investigation of PWM rectifier control method

Author(s): Wang Hui, Chen Jihua, Huang Shoudao, Wang Yaonan (Affiliation: Coll. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Hunan Univ., China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 673-5 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In general, power electric device is fed by AC/DC rectifier rather than by direct DC source and the inherent default of the rectifier has more bad influence on the power network. As a result, the PWM-rectifier has been paid more and more attention for unity input power factor, greatly reduced input line current harmonic distortion and bidirectional power flow capability. The paper present the topology of the main circuit, deduce the math model both in a-b-c and a - reference frame, propose the direct current control scheme, get the current and voltage waveform and analyze the result of simulation which is processed by SIMULINK software on the base of math model (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254084
242 Three phase active power filter based on neural network of current controlled voltage source inverter
Author(s): E.E. El-Kholy, A. El-Sabbe, A. El-Hefnawy (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Menoufia Univ., Egypt), H.M. Mharous Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/204-10 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper presents a shunt active power filter to compensate reactive power and reduce the unwanted harmonics. A shunt active filter is realized employing threephase voltage source inverter (VSI) bridge with common DC bus capacitor. The shunt active filter acts as a current source, which is connected in parallel with a nonlinear load and controlled to generate the required compensation currents. Two different proposed control methods for determining the reference compensating currents of the three-phase shunt active power filters based on proportional-integral (PI) controller and artificial neural network (ANN) are presented. Current controller based on modified hysteresis current controller is used to generate the firing pulses. The proposed system is implemented using a high speed digital signal processor (DSP). Experimental and simulation results with different nonlinear loads are presented to confirm the validity of the proposed technique (16 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254077
245 A novel three-level SVPWM algorithm considering neutral-point control, narrow-pulse elimination and dead-time compensation
Author(s): Shun Jin, Yanru Zhong (Affiliation: Inst. of Power Electron., Xi'an Technol. Univ., China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 688-93 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper introduced a simple but effective threelevel SVPWM algorithm. On the basis of this algorithm, a simple neutral-point balancing and narrow-pulse elimination algorithm without current sensor is proposed, and dead time is compensated in the algorithm also. The result of test verified that this algorithm is simple to be carried out, harmonics in output waveform are small, neutral-point potential can be controlled very well and narrow-pulse problem is solved as well. Because dead time is compensated at the same time, the output waveform is improved and output torque is strengthened at low frequency. Finally, good result was achieved on a three-level model inverter developed with TMS320LF2407 DSP (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254087
243 A new single-phase multilevel modulator - a fast and accurate method to compute the modulator harmonic spectra
Author(s): S. Mariethoz, A. Rufer (Affiliation: Lab. d'Electronique Industrielle, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland) Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/211-17 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In the first part, a fast and accurate method to compute the harmonic spectra of PWM modulators is presented. This method allows to compute all measurements based on the harmonics values such as the THD or FWTHD. It is especially advantageous for multilevel modulators. In the second part a new modulation method that achieves very good performances for the single-phase multilevel inverters is presented. Finally, several modulation methods are compared with the proposed measurement tool (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254078
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246 Analysis of naturally sampled space vector modulation PWM in overmodulation region
Author(s): Wang Cong, Lu Qiwei (Affiliation: Dept. of Inf. & Electr. Eng., China Univ. of Min. & Technol., Beijing, China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 694-8 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In this paper, an analysis algorithm for the naturally sampled SVPWM in over-modulation region is presented, the comparison between naturally sampled SVPWM and conventional SVPWM in overmodulation region is carried out. The results of analysis and simulation prove that naturally sampled SVPWM could be used not only in undermodulation but also in overmodulation region. The work performed by this paper shows a promising use of the naturally sampled SVPWM. The obviously advantage is that it could be implemented by using DSP with only simplified computation and short time of on line calculation, or just by using analog circuits without the help of microprocessor at all. All the work performed by this paper provide a platform for the implementation of naturally sampled SVPWM operating in both undermodulation and overmodulation region (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254088
Author(s): Yan Gangui (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Northeast China Inst. of Electr. Power Eng., Changchun, China), Liu Wenhua, Chen Yuanhua, Wang Yucheng, Li Junhui Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 788-92 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Controlling voltage balancing of flying-capacitor multilevel inverter is very important for safe operation. Dutycycle-regulation based PWM control is proposed, which can suppress capacitor voltage shifts caused by asymmetry of inverter installation such as delay mismatch of triggering pulses, and can also balance voltage distribution of capacitors when supply voltage increases abruptly in about two periods of carrier signal. Furthermore, it has good harmonic properties even during transients. In order to improve the control performance, current-predictive model is established to detect zero-crossing point of load current. The efficiency and validity of the method is demonstrated by simulation results (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254100
249
A novel single-phase 5-level asymmetric inverter
247 The study of microcomputer adaptive control system of controlled rectifier device
Author(s): Liu Dicheng, Wang Qing, Zou Jiangfeng, Li Zhi (Affiliation: Dept. of Power Eng., Wuhan Univ., China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 704-7 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Conventional PID controllers perform poorly when applied to nonlinear system with delay and non-time-varying. A new kind of self-adjusting PID controller based on pole configuration and optimum long-term prediction is present in this paper. It was shown that this kind of controller has good real-time controlling static and dynamic performance when it is applied to rectifier device. It can automatically trace the variation of the load's running condition and network structure. Also it has good anti-interference performance and robustness (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254089
Author(s): Ding Kai, Zou Yun-ping, Cai Zheng-ying, Wu Zhichao, Liu Fei, Xu Xiang-lian (Affiliation: Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Wuhan, China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 793-8 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In this paper, a novel asymmetric 5-level inverter is developed in which a half-bridge diode-clamp inverter and a conventional half-bridge inverter are connected to a common split-capacitor power supply. Analysis of a control technique for the inverter, which incorporates square-wave synthesis in conjunction with unipolar triangle carried-based PWM method, is included. Under the proposed control technique, the new configuration permits faster devices and high voltage devices operating in synergism. Comparison with three other singlephase 5-level inverters is presented in this paper. In order to verify the proposed approach, a single-phase 5-level asymmetric inverter was constructed and experimental results are provided (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254101
248 Duty-cycle-regulation based PWM control of fivelevel flying-capacitor inverter
250 Operation of a medium-voltage drive under faulty conditions
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Author(s): J. Rodriguez, J. Pontt, R. Musalem (Affiliation: Dept. of Electron. Eng., Universidad Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile), P. Hammond Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 799-803 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper presents a method for operating cascaded multilevel inverters when one or more power cells are damaged. The method is based on the use of additional switches in the power circuit to bypass the faulty cell. To control the cells, the angle of phase shifting in the carrier signals is modified according to the number of operating cells, to minimize the load voltage distortion, when the inverter operates in failure mode. The reference signals of the PWM modulators are also modified to increase the output voltage. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of this method, which significantly increases the reliability of the drive (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254102
Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 822-6 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The load of DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) type ozonizer is of the capacitive characteristic, and its total equivalent capacitance becomes high gradually with the increasing of the voltage provided for the load. A high frequency power supply based on a closed-loop control strategy is presented in this paper. It is a kind of frequency traced control based on the output current of the inverter. The features of the control strategy are analyzed. The inverter based on the control strategy has the advantages of simple structure, small variation range of the working frequency and low switching losses. All analyses are confirmed by experimental results (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254105
253 Operation, control technique of connected high power three-phase inverters
parallel
251 Voltage control and THD optimization for diodeclamped multilevel converter/inverter
Author(s): Zhiguo Pan, F.Z. Peng (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA), Zhaoming Qian Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 804-9 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper presents a new voltage balancing theory for the diode-clamped multilevel converter/inverter system. A complete analysis of the voltage balance theory based on a 5level back-to-back converter is given. The analysis is based on fundamental frequency switching control and then extended to PWM control, which can extremely lower the harmonic components of the voltage. Simulation and experimental results show the validity of the control theory (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254103
Author(s): XiKun Chen, Yong Kang, Jian Chen (Affiliation: Acad. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Wuhan, China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 956-9 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper presents a new control technique, which implement N+1 redundant parallel operation for three-phase inverter modules. Experiments are presented to verify the theoretical discussion with four three-phase 40 kVA inverter modules. As a result, this scheme can achieve excellent characteristics both in steady states and in transient states (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254106
254 Three-phase series-parallel double conversion UPS with power quality conditioning characteristics
Author(s): Pengcheng Zhu, Xun Li, Yong Kang, Jian Chen (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Wuhan, China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat.
252 Research on the power supply of the ozonizer based on a novel control strategy
Author(s): Huang Yushui (Affiliation: Coll. of Inf. Eng., Nanchang Univ., China), Wang Liqiao, Lin Ping, Zhang Zhongchao Editor(s): Z.Wang
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No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 960-4 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The paper analyzed in detail the operation principle, mathematical modes and distinct control manner using synchronous reference frame (SRF) of a three-phase seriesparallel double conversion UPS system. The proposed control strategy can make this kind of UPS carry out all of the control goals: sinusoidal input current with unit power factor and sinusoidal output voltage with normal value in the case of nonsinusoidal, non-normal supply voltage and non-linear load with reactive power (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254107
Document type: Conference paper Abstract: An emergency power supply (EPS) using an induction generator with a fly-wheel energy storage is investigated. Two different exciting systems for the wounded rotor winding have been investigated. The principles of the operation and experimental results are shown. The results of start-up and steady state condition indicate that the inverter rating is reduced fairly (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254109
257 Design and analysis of SISO fuzzy logic controller for power electronic converters
Author(s): K. Viswanathan (Affiliation: Dept. of ECE, Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore), D. Srinivasan, R. Oruganti Conference: 2004 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Budapest, Hungary Conference Date: 25-29 July 2004 Publication: 2004 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37542) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8353 2 Page: 1293-8 vol.3 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Power converters are non-linear systems that usually employ linear controllers designed to offer good small signal performance at the nominal operating point. Yet, the converter's large-signal response is generally poor. Fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) used in such cases improve the response, but their small-signal response is not as good as that of linear controller. In this paper, design of a SISO-FLC that offers good small and large-signal performance in a boost converter is presented. Besides reducing control complexity, the FLC offers better transient response in the converter than the linear controller. Simulation results are presented to show this. Using describing function method, the system stability margins are also analyzed (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254421
255 Novel control strategy for parallel operation of UPS system

Author(s): W.C. Lee (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Hankyong Nat. Univ., South Korea), S.H. Lee, K.H. Kim, D.S. Hyun Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 983-8 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: A parallel operation system of multiple UPS is used to increase power capacity of the system or to secure higher reliability at critical loads. In the parallel operation of UPS inverters, the load-sharing control to maintain the current balance between them is a matter of consequence. Because a UPS has low output impedance and quick response characteristics, in case of an unbalanced load inverter output current changes very rapidly and thereby could instantaneously reach an overload condition. In this paper, a highly precise load-sharing controller is proposed and implemented for the parallel operation system of two UPSs. After that, a good performance of the proposed method is verified by simulation in the parallel operation system with two UPS inverters (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254108
258 Large-signal stability in high-order switching converters

Author(s): R. Leyva (Affiliation: Departament d'Enginyeria Electron., Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain), I. Queinnec, S. Tarbouriech, C. Alonso, L. Martinez-Salamero Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 59-64 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This article presents the application of a new passivity-based control law that stabilizes the output voltage of a fourth-order DC-DC converter. This control law assures large-signal stability, provides zero steady-state error despite uncertainty in converter parameters and has enough degree of freedom to satisfy the usual transient specifications. This new integral control is derived in three steps. First, a static law is obtained. Second, a positive semi-definite storage function is studied to guarantee zero steady-state error of the output voltage. Finally, the storage functions of the first two steps are combined to derive the new control law for high order DC-DC converters (15 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254664
256 Study of emergency power induction generator with flywheel
supply
using
Author(s): N. Kimura, K. Taniguchi (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Syst., Osaka Inst. of Technol., Japan), H. Morita, K. Taniguchi Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 989-94 Vol.2
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259 A nonlinear discrete-time observer for inverter control

Author(s): N. Lechevin (Affiliation: Hydro-Quebec Res. Chair on Electr. Power & Energy, Quebec Univ., Trois-Rivieres, Que., Canada ), C.A. Rabbath, S. Lahaie, M. Dostie Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 162-7 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: A discrete-time high-gain observer is designed in order to estimate the DC voltage of an inverter used as a dynamic electric load emulator. Since the use of LMI techniques makes it possible to obtain a stable observer for a range of bounded duty ratio, the nonlinear-in-the-input average model, which can be expressed as a linear parameter varying system, is formulated in polytopic form. A robustified version is proposed when exogenous disturbances such as current injection on DC side are present. The nonlinear observers are then discretized, with the hold-equivalent technique, in order to achieve both numerical stability and accuracy as the sampling rate is increased. Nonlinear observer designs proposed in this paper are validated by means of numerical simulations that demonstrate the stability property and performance recovery of a typical state feedback scheme by a high-gain observer-based output feedback (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254682
Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 186-7 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Energy saving storage control in power conversion systems is considered. Savings are achieved by operating the power converters in efficient operating points, meeting the desired power output with an energy storage device. Predictions of the future desired output and conditions are used, with the largest gain for an infinite prediction horizon. This is not realistic predictions for the far future are unreliable. So, it is of interest to know the performance degradation due to a finite horizon. This paper presents a guideline for the horizon length, using an interpretation of the characteristics of the optimal solution for a stylized problem that can give performance close to the infinite horizon one. Characteristics of the active constraints determine the desired horizon. When avoiding active constraints covering the full horizon, the horizon can be reduced to the smallest possible one (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254686
262 Global stability analysis of DC-DC converters using sampled-data modeling

Author(s): S. Almer, U. Jonsson, Chung-Yao Kao (Affiliation: Div. of Optimization & Syst. Theor., R. Inst. of Technol., Stockholm, Sweden), J. Mari Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 4549-54 vol.5 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The paper presents stability analysis of a class of pulse-width modulated (PWM) systems which incorporates many different DC-DC converters. Two types of pulse-width modulation (digital and analog control) are considered. A procedure is developed for systematic search for Lyapunov functions. The state space is partitioned in such a way that stability is verified if a set of coupled linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is feasible. Global stability is considered as well as the computation of local regions of attraction (12 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254743
260 Nonlinear control of buck-boost AC/DC converters: output voltage regulation & power factor correction
Author(s): A. Abouloifa, F. Giri (Affiliation: GREYC, ISMRA, Caen, France ) Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 168-73 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: We are considering the problem of controlling AC/ DC switched power converters of the buck-boost type. The control objectives are twofold: (i) regulating the output voltage to a desired reference value, (ii) assuring a unitary power factor by enforcing the voltage and the current delivered by the electric network to be in phase. The considered problem is dealt by designing a cascade-structure nonlinear controller. The inner loop of the latter regulates the active power provided by the network; it is built-up using the backstepping design approach. The outer loop regulates the converter squared output voltage using a PI regulator; such a simple solution is made possible using adequate model transformations and loop operation mode separation. The controller thus obtained is shown to achieve the control objectives and proves to be robust with respect to load changes (12 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254683
6.7 Switchgear
263 Toward ultracompact pseudospark switches
Author(s): Chunqi Jiang, A. Kuthi, M.A. Gundersen (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng.-Electrophys., Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA) Journal: Appl. Phys. Lett. (USA), vol.86, no.2, p.24105-1-3 (10 Jan. 2005) Publisher: AIP, USA Language: English ISSN: 0003-6951, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This letter reports studies of small pseudospark switches wherein the volume is reduced by one order of magnitude relative to the smallest previously reported versions operating with a peak current >1 kA. In preliminary testing, the switch holds off >20 kV with a peak current >4 kA and a pulse duration of 150 ns. The switch was operated in an optically triggered mode (backlighted thyratron) with helium fill for >106
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261
The horizon in predictive energy storage control
Author(s): B. de Jager (Affiliation: Dept. of Mech. Eng., Technische Univ. Eindhoven, Netherlands)
IEE, 2005
discharges at 13.5 kV and 3.3 kA, with 0.5 mC transfer per pulse, at a repetition rate of 10 Hz without significant decay of switch performance. Preliminary observations indicate that the device operates in a superemissive cathode mode, demonstrating a pathway towards ultracompact superemissive cathode switches for repetitive pulsed power applications (17 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247237
control over the unattended substation as well the prospects for the trend of the merger of the television system with the EMS Inspec No.: 8251564
7.0 Power Utilisation and Applications

7.1 Drives
266 Design and performance comparisons of two multidrive systems with unity power factor
Author(s): Sangshin Kwak, H.A. Toliyat (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.41726 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: From economical aspects, the multidrive systems are a promising application area for the converters, where the cost and size of the converters are shared by multiple invertermotors. Given terminal constraints of unity power factor in grid line and independent multiple motor controls in output ports, two multidrive topologies are possible: one with single PWMVSR feeding inverters through the common dc bus, and the other using a diode rectifier and an active power filter with its own load. Despite several publications for two systems, the features and advantages of the two systems have not been clearly explained. This paper, in detail, presents the theoretical analyses and systematic comparisons of the two multidrive topologies, from converter kilovolt-ampere ratings, dc-link voltage requirements, switch ratings, semiconductor losses, and reactive component designs point of views (17 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250548
264 Improvement of ability for DC current interruption by diverting circuit

Author(s): A. Sugawara, T. Furuse, K. Itagaki (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Niigata Univ., Japan), H. Samaulah, M. Takada Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/49-52 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: For interruption of DC circuit current using a small relay, characteristics of arc duration time for the relay contacts are measured. A diverting element is connected to parallel with the relay contacts. As the diverting element, a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistor) or a capacitor is used. It is desirable that the initial resistance of the PTC is small and that the capacitor can sufficiently absorb the arc current. By parallel connecting a diverting element with a pair of relay contacts, it is possible that arc duration time between relay contacts shortens (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254053
6.8 Substations
265 Who's watching the [substation television system] unattended substation
267 Sensitivity of AC adjustable speed drives to voltage sags and short interruptions
Author(s): S.Z. Djokic (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Manchester Univ., UK), K. Stockman, J.V. Milanovic, J. J.M. Desmet, R. Belmans Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.494505 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8977, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper discusses the sensitivity of adjustable speed drives (ASDs) to voltage sags and short interruptions on the basis of extensive test results. Existing standards and previously published work are critically reviewed, and a description of test procedures needed for appropriate assessment of ASD sensitivity is presented. The following tests were performed: sensitivity to rectangular three-phase, two-phase, and single-phase voltage sags with ideal and nonideal supply characteristics, as well as sensitivity to nonrectangular-balanced three-phase voltage sags similar to those caused by the starting of large motors. The results show that although the behavior of this equipment has a rather complex pattern, a simple representation of ASD sensitivity to various types of voltage sags and short interruption can be established (35 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250558
Author(s): Yi Luo, Guangyu Tu (Affiliation: Coll. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., China) Journal: IEEE Power Energy Mag. (USA), vol.3, no.1, p.59-66 (Jan.-Feb. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 1540-7977 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The substation television system is a product of the combination of security protecting technology with the automation of electric power dispatch, the purpose of which is to enable a substation attended by a few people and capable of performing the functions of telemetry, telesignaling, telecontrol, and teleregulation to genuinely become an unattended one. In the construction of an unattended substation, what a power company is most worried about is whether the reliability of the primary and secondary equipment can satisfy the requirement for unattended operation. However, from the point of view of technological development, it is only natural for the first generation of the television system to come into being, which is capable of monitoring all aspects of the safe operation of an unattended substation while working in coordination with the existing energy management system (EMS). This article is concerned with the structure and function of a new generation of television system and two crucial techniques in its implementation, that is, the integrated transmission of multiple media information and the remote
268 Four-quadrant position sensorless control in SRM drives over the entire speed range
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Author(s): B. Fahimi (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA), A. Emadi, R.B. Sepe Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.154-63 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Proper synchronization of the excitation with respect to the rotor position is essential in optimal control of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. To avoid additional cost, size, and unreliability caused by the external position sensors, magnetic status of the SRM can be directly monitored to detect commutation instants. A one-to-one correspondence between magnetic status of the SRM and rotor position removes the need for an explicit access to the rotor position. In order to obtain a good precision over the entire speed range, educated modifications on the structure of the sensorless strategy is necessary. This is due to the impact of the operational regions on dynamic behavior of the SRM. In addition, introduction of SRM technology to industrial and domestic applications has raised the need for four-quadrant operation of the SRM drives. The present paper introduces a range of strategies that are necessary to accommodate this requirement in a sensorless format. Our experimental findings indicate that high-grade sensorless operation in a fourquadrant SRM drive is possible and can be integrated in a variety of applications (22 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250594
Abstract: This paper describes the variable speed drives that replaces the old low-horsepower electromechanical motor starters. Drives-both big and small-can negatively affect the distribution system and the motors themselves by introducing harmonics and reducing motor-drive capability. That's not necessarily a problem for big drives that serve highhorsepower motors. Drives offer many advantages over motor starter: they don't create inrush current or generate switching transients, they have high displacement power factors, and they are less expensive. Harmonics filters will track the harmonic currents and generate an out-of-phase counter current to cancel the original harmonic Inspec No.: 8248392
271 Influence of fuzzy adapted scaling factors on the performance of a fuzzy logic controller based on an indirect vector control for induction motor drive
Author(s): L. Mokrani, K. Kouzi (Affiliation: Electr. Eng. Dept., Laghouat Univ., Algeria) Journal: J. Electr. Eng. (Slovakia), vol.55, no.7-8, p.188-94 (2004) Publisher: Slovak Tech. Univ.; Slovak Acad. Sci, Slovakia Language: English ISSN: 1335-3632 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This work investigates a simple design of the scaling factors fuzzy tuning procedure of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for speed regulation of an indirect field-oriented induction motor (IM). A simple but powerful fuzzy adaptation of the FLC three scaling factors is proposed. This adaptation does not require the knowledge of the system model. The influence of different combinations of the FLC scaling factors fuzzy selftuning on the performance control is investigated and illustrated by some simulation results at different dynamic operating conditions such as sudden change in command speed, step change in load torque and some key parameters deviation. The suggested controller can be applied to a large class of robotics and other mechanical systems (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248426
269 Novel resonant pole inverter for brushless DC motor drive system
Author(s): Zhi Yang Pan, Fang Lin Luo (Affiliation: Sch. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.173-81 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The brushless dc motor (BDCM) has been widely used in industrial applications because of its low inertia, fast response, high power density, high reliability, and maintenance-free reputation. It is usually supplied by a hardswitching pulse width modulation inverter, which normally displays relative low efficiency since the power losses across the switching devices are high. In order to reduce the losses, many soft switching inverters have been designed. However, these inverters have such disadvantages as high device voltage stress, large dc link voltage ripple, discrete pulse modulation, and complex control scheme. This paper introduces a novel resonant pole inverter, which is unique to a BDCM drive system, and is easy to implement. The inverter possesses the advantages of low switching power loss, low inductor power loss, low device voltage stress, and simple control scheme. The operation principle of the inverter is analyzed. Simulation and experimental results are proposed to verify the theoretical analysis (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250596
272 Nonlinear H-output regulation of drive systems with backlash

Author(s): L. Aguilar (Affiliation: CITEDI, IPN, San Diego, CA, USA ), Y. Orlov, J.C. Cadiou, R. Merzouki Editor(s): F.Allgower Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004), Stuttgart, Germany Conference Date: 1-3 Sept. 2004 Publication: 6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems (NOLCOS 2004) Publisher: Institut fur Systemtheorie, Germany, 2004 Language: English Page: 1187-91 Vol.3 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Nonlinear H control synthesis is extended to an output regulation problem for a drive system with backlash. The problem in question is to design a feedback controller so as to obtain the closed-loop system in which all trajectories are bounded and the load of the driver is regulated to a desired position while also attenuating the influence of external disturbances. The motor position is assumed to be the only measurement available for feedback. Performance issues of the nonlinear H-output regulator are illustrated in a simulation study (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254015
270
Low-cost drives can be an expensive alternative
Author(s): D. Smith (Affiliation: Fluke Corp., Everett, WA, USA ) Journal: Electr. Constr. Maint. (USA), vol.103, no.9, p.34, 38, 40-1 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Intertec Publishing, USA Language: English ISSN: 0013-4260 Document type: Journal article
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273 Inverter switching loss of sinusoidal-field permanent magnet synchronous drive at different current control methods
Author(s): D. Bakos, I. Schmidt, K. Veszpremi (Affiliation: Dept. of Power Eng., Budapest Univ. of Technol. & Econ., Hungary) Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2-132 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The losses of an inverter-fed sinusoidal-field synchronous servo drive at a given load and speed depend on the improvement of the material and construction of the machine, the converter topology, the characteristics of semiconductor power switches, the drive control system and the inverter control (modulation) algorithm. Significant component of overall drive losses are the switching losses of voltage source inverters. Based on MATLAB-simulation result the switching losses of different inverter control methods are compared in steady-state at different load torque and various rotor speeds. Hysteresis, space vector, predictive current control and vector sliding mode control methods were examined, compared and simulated. It is shown that the carrier based PWM control produces lower switching losses than other investigated control, but for higher speed the predictive and the vector sliding mode control methods approach PWM switching losses. It also turns out that switching losses less depend on the load of the motor. According to an other investigation very similar results are known for induction motor drives (8 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254066
value of the fundamental frequency has also been described. Special attention has been given to analysis and comparison of computational effectiveness of the proposed algorithms of synchronised modulation (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254073
275 logic
Induction motor drive using Sugeno-type fuzzy
274 Continuous synchronous pulsewidth modulation with improved computing effectiveness

Author(s): V. Oleschuk, V. Ermuratski (Affiliation: Power Eng. Inst., Acad. of Sci. of Moldova, Kishinev, Moldova), E.M. Chekhet Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/180-5 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper describes in details the basic peculiarities of a new method of feedforward synchronous pulsewidth modulation (PWM) of three-phase voltage source inverters for adjustable speed AC drives. It is applied to a continuous scheme of voltage space vector modulation. Accurate trigonometric algorithms of vector PWM have been analysed, and also compared with the algebraic ones based on linear approximation of the typical function of durations of active switching states from their position inside the clock-intervals. To provide smooth shock-less pulses-ratio changing and quarter-wave symmetry of the voltage waveforms, special synchronising signals are formed on the boundaries of the 60 clock-intervals. The process of gradual transition from continuous to discontinuous synchronous PWM at higher
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Author(s): L. Stepanec, P. Brandstetter (Affiliation: Dept. of Power Electron. & Electr. Drives, VSB-Tech. Univ. of Ostrava, Czech Republic), P. Fedor, D. Perdukova Conference: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Riga, Latvia Conference Date: 2-4 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): SIEMENS; FESTO; Latvian Council of Sci.; Latvijas Gaze; ARCUS Elektronika; Rebir; ABB; ELWO; TTP Publication: EPE-PEMC 2004 11th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference Publisher: Riga Tech. Univ, Latvia, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 9984 32 022 7 Page: 2/199-203 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In the paper there is shown basic difference between most used fuzzy logic systems. It is also shown why a Sugeno-type fuzzy system is preferred for direct implementation to DSP. This type of fuzzy logic is used in vector-controlled induction motor drive as a part of artificial intelligence. There are three phases: development, simulation and DSP implementation which are discussed in this paper. In the first part of the paper there is briefly described difference between two main fuzzy logic systems. Next, there is a description of used control structure. It was realized important simulations, which confirm the tightness of proposed structure and good behaviour of developed fuzzy controller. In the end part of the paper, there are presented the control system with DSP TMS 320C40 and experimental results. There are also presented advantages of fuzzy logic and main features of used method (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254076
276 SPWM strategy for an open-end winding induction motor drive using two-level inverters with separate DC supplies
Author(s): Liu Yongheng, Li Yongdong, Hou Xuan, Su Pengsheng (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 636-9 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: An open-end winding induction motor drive using two inverters with separate DC supplies is presented in this paper. A SPWM strategy with phase shift of the carriers is used. This strategy can give the switching states of the two inverters spontaneously and symmetrically by comparing a sinusoidal wave and a triangular signal. Through the method of adding the third harmonics in the fundamental wave, we can get full
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utilization of the DC link voltage as in space-vector PWM (SPWM) strategy (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254079
277 A novel on-line rotor resistance estimation method for vector controlled induction motor drive
Author(s): Huang Bin, Qu Wenlong, Lu Haifeng (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 655-60 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper proposed a new on-line rotor resistance estimation method for the direct field oriented control of an induction motor drive. MRAS method by using the instantaneous reactive power (IRP) as models is utilized. This approach is completely robust to the stator resistance's thermal variation. Moreover, it doesn't use the pure integrator so that It has not the problems of the drift and the initial condition. The principle of the estimation is studied. The validity of this method is verified by simulation and experiment (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254083
array) controller is adopted to fulfill an optimized constant V/ Hz control strategy. The PWM-SHE (pulse width modulationspecial harmonic elimination) pattern is presented to keep the inverter has sinusoidal output with minimal harmonics and minimal torque ripple. Achievement and control strategy of the designed system have been presented and discussed (7 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254098
279 Original benchmark for sensorless induction motor drives at low frequencies and validation of high gain observer
Author(s): M. Ghanes, A. Girin, T. Saheb (Affiliation: Ecole Centrale de Nantes, Communications & Cybern. Res. Inst. of Nantes, France) Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 71-5 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: An original benchmark for the validation of sensorless induction motor observers is proposed to evaluate them particularly in the well-known case where the motor state could be unobservable. Due to the complexity of observation at low frequencies (specifically on our benchmark) we present an improvement of a high gain observer which has been tested and validated on the reference trajectories of this benchmark (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254666
278 Achievement of a 10 kV IMD system by 6 kV three-level NPC inverter with IGCTs in series connection applied in water works
Author(s): Qingguang Yu, Xiaoming Zhang, Wenhua Liu, Qiang Song (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 777-81 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: In this paper, a high power 10 kV IMD (induction motor drives) system supplied by a 6 kV three-level NPC (neutral point clamped) inverter with IGCTs (integrated gate commutated thyristors) in series connection, which applied in water works has been developed and achieved. The designed three-level inverter system includes a 24 pulses rectifier, a diode NPC three-level medium voltage VSI (voltage source inverter). The three-level inverter operates with 2 IGCTs in series connection in each cell with an output LC filter in order to obtain a 6 kV high voltage output. Because of the high power IMDS has 10 kV line voltage input, which must be changed from a star connection to a delta connection to fit the 6 kV output inverter. According to the PUMP load, a DSP (data signal processor) with FPGA (field programming gate
280 Reducing the effect of load torque disturbances in dual inertia systems with lost motion
Author(s): P. Schmidt (Affiliation: Rockwell Autom., Milwaukee, WI, USA), T. Rehm Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 710-15 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Industrial motor drives and controllers are connected to a variety of applications. Dual inertia systems with lost motion are particularly hard to model and control. This paper discusses the utilization of acceleration feedback to reduce the effects of load torque disturbances and stabilize the plant output. Following theoretical analysis and simulations, two experimental test stands were utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the solution (15 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254731
7.2 Transportation
281 Design of dual-output alternators with switchedmode rectification
Author(s): G. Hassan, D.J. Perreault, T.A. Keim (Affiliation: Lab. for Electromagn. & Electron. Syst., Massachusetts Inst. of Technol., Cambridge, MA, USA ) Journal: IEEE Trans. Power Electron. (USA), vol.20, no.1, p.164-72 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEEE, USA Language: English ISSN: 0885-8993, Full text Document type: Journal article
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Abstract: The push to introduce dual-voltage (42 V/14 V) automotive electrical systems necessitates power generation solutions capable of supplying power to multiple outputs. A number of approaches for implementing dual-voltage electrical systems have been proposed, but most suffer from severe cost or performance limitations. This paper explores the design of alternators incorporating dual-output switched-mode rectifiers (SMRs). The proposed approach enables the full load-matched power capability of the alternator machine to be achieved, with power delivered to the two outputs in any desired combination. SMR topologies for this application are introduced. Alternator/SMR design guidelines are established, and appropriate control laws are derived. Simulation and experimental results are presented that demonstrate the feasibility and high performance of the approach (26 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250595
structures. The simulation results in the form of the vehicle trajectories as well as the motor velocity and torque waveforms obtained for analyzed control structures are presented. The waveforms were used to compare and evaluate properties of presented structures. The research was realized with MATLAB-SIMULINK software (11 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248869
285 Research on performance of lock-up clutch based on rotating speed testing

Author(s): Cao Jin-hua, Zheng Hai-qi, Luan Jun-ying (Affiliation: Dept. of Guns Eng., Ordnance Eng. Coll., Hebei Shijiazhuang, China) Journal: J. Hebei Univ. Technol. (China), vol.33, no.5, p.104-7 (2004) Publisher: Hebei University of Technology, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2373 Document type: Journal article Abstract: A new measure to solve this problem in performance testing of clutches has been presented. The input and output rotating speed of clutches in planetary steering gears was measured, using the electromagnetism sensors and photoelectric sensors. We can estimate the work performance of clutches through analyzing the rotating speed in different work states (4 refs.) Inspec No.: 8249663
282
The connected car
Author(s): C. Evans-Pughe Journal: IEE Rev. (UK), vol.51, no.1, p.42-6 (Jan. 2005) Publisher: IEE, UK Language: English ISSN: 0953-5683 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Engineers are working to create ad hoc networks based on assemblies of communicating vehicles. The theoretical and practical challenges are considerable Inspec No.: 8251586
283
Predictive safety systems
286
Adhesion control in railroad traction
Author(s): P.M. Knoll Journal: MST News (Germany), no.6, p.12-14 (Dec. 2004) Publisher: VDI/VDE-Technologiezentrum Informationstechnik, Germany Language: English Document type: Journal article Abstract: Some sensors that are designed to detect the vehicle environment are already being used. Ultrasonic parking aids meanwhile have high customer acceptance. ACC (adaptive cruise control) systems have been introduced in the market recently. New sensors, mainly video cameras, are being developed at a rapid pace. Microsystems technology plays an important role in the introduction of active safety systems. The sensor technologies are manifold: ultrasonic, radar, lidar, and video sensors, they all help to obtain relevant and reliable data on the vehicle's surroundings. Sensor technology and sensor data processing, sensor data fusion and appropriate algorithms for function development allow the realization of functions for accident avoidance and mitigation (2 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247520
Author(s): C. Gessl (Affiliation: Inst. of Autom. & Control, Vienna Univ. of Technol., Wien, Austria), M. Glasl, A.W. Ove Journal: Elektrotech. Inf.tech. (Austria), vol.121, no.7-8, p.2637 (2004) Publisher: Springer-Verlag, Austria Language: English ISSN: 0932-383X Document type: Journal article Abstract: This article presents a new approach to adhesion control for railroad traction. Based on a combined torque and speed observation the controller detects the actual adhesion utilization at the wheel and applies an adequate torque limitation. Hence the traction unit optimally takes use of the available adhesion. No measurement of the absolute train velocity is needed. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been investigated by railroad tests with a subway electric traction unit. The results and their good conformity with computer simulation are presented in detail (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251614
287 Analysis of magnetic saturation FCL based on systems of naval ships

Author(s): Liang Xu-dong (Affiliation: Naval Univ. of Eng., Wuhan, China), Shi Xiong-wen, Ye Zhi-hao Journal: Relay (China), vol.32, no.12, p.32-5 (16 June 2004) Publisher: Relay Press, China Language: English ISSN: 10034897 Document type: Journal article Abstract: With the accretion of naval ships power system capacity, the amplitude of short circuit current increases greatly, consequently the disjuncting capacity of the present switch cannot fulfill the demand of short circuit protection. Therefore, the amplitude of short circuit current must be limited. The working principle of magnetic saturation FCL is discussed, and based on the theory of typical machine transient analysis, the formula of calculating suitable inductance is obtained. The simulation model using SimPowerSystems module of Simulink is established and the
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284 The low power electric vehicle control structures properties simulation research
Author(s): J. Hetmanczyk (Affiliation: Instytut Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Przemyslowej, Przemysl, Poland) Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.192, p.47-56 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The author compares control structures with current (torque) and velocity set input system, which are meant for control of low power electric vehicles. For this construction the control function is a result of both wheels rotational speed relation. The author describes the control systems, methods of operation and differences between the presented control
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simulation analysis is carried out during short circuit when the system equipped with or without FCL. Simulation results accord with the theoretical calculation ones, which proves the theoretical analysis is believable (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251831
288 Modern aspects of route and train control in ERTMS/ETCS Projects

Author(s): A. Veider (Affiliation: Div. of Leiter des Bereichs Transp. Solutions, Alcatel Austria AG, Wien, Austria), W. Bohm Journal: Signal Draht (Germany), vol.96, no.7-8, p.6-13 (JulyAug. 2004) Publisher: Tetzlaff Verlag, Germany Language: English ISSN: 0037-4997 Document type: Journal article Abstract: For many decades now, the rail traffic in Europe has been operating from an increasingly defensive position. More innovative answers are needed to regain market share for the railways and to improve significantly the role in the so-called multimodal allocation of transport functions. An essential initiative is the European rail transport management system (ERTMS), which includes railway-specific telecommunication as well as signalling. The effort is to promote an improved and internationally interoperable use of rail transport capacities by, for example, demand-based train headway and reliable and cost-effective operation of the acknowledged safe transport medium 'railway'. Rail traffic on high-speed/high performance lines as well as conventional traffic (passengers and freight) will gain substantial advantages from the introduction of ERTMS/ETCS operation. With identical goals, the cost-value ratio of automation investment is typically much better compared to that of construction works. Analyses and the existing project-practice allow the conclusion that there exists an optimal mix of the different ERTMS/ETCS application levels for practically each migration scenario (trackside and onboard). Finally the necessary technical solutions are more and more mature and widely commercial available, so that accelerated installations are possible (17 refs.) Inspec No.: 8253080
Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 742-5 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: The paper presents permanent magnet electric propulsion system, a new propulsion system for a nuclear submarine for cruising. Some advantages of PM motor used in electric propulsion system for a nuclear submarine for cruising are given. The system and its main circuit are designed. Control principle of the system is introduced. The configuration of the system is described. Key technologies to be studied about actual application of the system in nuclear submarine are presented (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254093
291 Two closed-loop fuzzy controller for driving system in electric minicar
Author(s): Zhao Ming-fu (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Chongqing Inst. of Technol., China) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 750-4 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Aimed at complexity and uncertainty of electric minicar driving system, such as vehicle velocity, road condition, environment disturbance, storage battery and given signal etc., which are uncertain, cross-relative, nonlinear and time-varying, it is very difficult to describe it through mathematic model. Therefore, in this paper, authors select fuzzy control as control strategy, apply single chip processor to implement hardware, adopt two-dimension fuzzy control pattern, whose input variables are error and change of error, respectively, through querying list algorithm to realize fuzzy inference. On the basis, developing corresponding fuzzy control system, whose structure adopted two closed-loop, the result shows that effect of control is satisfied (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254094
289
Developments of set of signals for tramways
Author(s): R. Barby, M. Glugla (Affiliation: BahSIG BahnSignalbau GmbH, Germany) Journal: Signal Draht (Germany), vol.96, no.9, p.56-8 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Tetzlaff Verlag, Germany Language: English ISSN: 0037-4997 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The demand for greater reliability and the increased safety requirements placed on public transport signaling systems is making the situation more and more interesting for the operators of tramway constructions. The BahSIG, GahnSignalbau GmbH, plans to develop a forward-looking solution to meet the future requirements of signaling systems, especially those used in tramways Inspec No.: 8253084
292 Sensorless guidance control with constant airgap in ropeless linear elevator
Author(s): K. Yoshida, Xianhai Zhang (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Syst. Eng., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, Japan) Editor(s): Z.Wang Conference: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Xi'an, China Conference Date: 14-16 Aug. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Electrotechnical Soc. (CES); National Natural Sci. Found. of China (NSFC) Publication: Conference Proceedings IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Power
290 Studies on new electric propulsion system for nuclear submarine for cruising
Author(s): Yin Binchuan, Zou Yunping (Affiliation: Acad. of Electr. Eng., Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Wuhan, China) Editor(s): Z.Wang
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Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX677) Publisher: Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Press, China, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 7 5605 1869 9 Page: 772-6 Vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Ropeless linear elevator (RLE) is expected to be a new transport solution for skyscrapers and very deep underground applications in the near future. In our laboratory, an experimental model of RLE has been designed and manufactured using the theory of a controlled-PM linear synchronous motor (LSM) developed by one of the authors. We have succeeded in the fundamental elevator-motion control with contactless guidance by controlled-PM, including the stopping mode. But the gap sensor was necessary to measure a position of cage in the guidance direction. This paper presents a sensorless guidance control by detecting the difference in inductances of the series-connected guidance control coils in both sides of cage. It has been verified numerically by dynamics simulation of constant airgap sensorless guidance control (9 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254097
Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper presents an innovative four-step method to analyze and design an optimal energy management strategy for a power split power train hybrid vehicle. A hybrid dynamical system theory is introduced to formulate the problem of hybrid vehicle control system that incorporates both continuous and discrete dynamics. The sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method is proposed to optimize power distribution. The dynamic programming method is employed to solve the problem of the vehicle operating mode transitions. A rule-based system and a fuzzy rule system are developed based on the statistical numerical solutions. A genetic algorithm is applied to the simultaneous optimization of parameters of membership functions, weights of the rules and rule sets for the fuzzy rule system and parameters of the rule-based system. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed design method (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254681
293 PTGRP: an LBS application based on SMS platform

Author(s): Li Gang, Feng Shang, Shen Jun, Jin Ye, Feng Meiping (Affiliation: Sch. of Electron. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Peking Univ., Beijing, China) Editor(s): K.Gong, Z.Niu, P.Fan, J.Yang Conference: APCC/MDMC '04. The 2004 Joint Conference of the 10th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications and the 5th International Symposium on Multi-Dimensional Mobile Communications Proceeding, Beijing, China Conference Date: 29 Aug.-1 Sept. 2004 Sponsor(s): China Inst. of Commun.; Inst. of Electron., Inf., and Commun. Eng.; Korean Inst. of Commun. Sys Publication: APCC/MDMC '04. The 2004 Joint Conference of the 10th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications and the 5th International Symposium on Multi-Dimensional Mobile Communications Proceeding Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8601 9 Page: 234-8 vol.1 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: LBS system is an information distributing system providing geographic related information services to the customers according to their locations, over the mobile communication platform. For reasons both on contents and terminals, the development of LBS is limited. As an instance of LBS, the public transportation guiding/route planning (PTGRP) system offers urban road traffic information by short message service (SMS), involving in a practical solution to these problems, and the implementation of this system is proved to be successful (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254623
295 Decision-making system for vessel traffic planning and radar control [maritime applications]
Author(s): V. Kharchenko (Affiliation: Nat. Aviation Univ., Kiev, Ukraine), V. Vasylyev Conference: Conference Proceedings. 1st European Radar Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands Conference Date: 1415 Oct. 2004 Publication: Conference Proceedings. 1st European Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04EX966) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English Page: 61-4 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: This paper presents the decision-making system for the vessel traffic service (VTS). Its aim is to increase the safety and efficiency of the traffic and the effectiveness of the VTS while planning and controlling, based on radar and navigation information. The system has been developed at the National Aviation University (Kyiv, Ukraine) (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8255963
7.3 Electric Heating and Lighting

296 Application of programmable controllers Wago to energetic-efficient control of indoor lighting
Author(s): M. Kielbon Journal: Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Sl. Ser., Elektry. (Poland), no.186, p.7-14 (2004) Publisher: Wydawnictwo Politech. Slaskiej, Poland Language: Polish ISSN: 0072-4688 Document type: Journal article Abstract: The possibility of programmable-controllers application to indoor-lighting control in order to decrease energy consumption for the lighting is mentioned in the paper. The energy savings on the example of an incandescent-lamp with automatic continuous and two step control during the sunrise and sunshine were calculated. The application of Wago-controllers to the multicriterial lighting control was mentioned (5 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248905
294 A four-step method to design an energy management strategy for hybrid vehicles
Author(s): Yuan Zhu (Affiliation: Dept. of Automotive Eng., Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China), Yaobin Chen, Guangyu Tian, Hao Wu, Quanshi Chen Conference: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA Conference Date: 30 June-2 July 2004 Sponsor(s): American Automatic Control Council; IFAC Publication: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8335 4 Page: 156-61 vol.1
297 Robust control of nonlinear HVAC systems via emotional critic based intelligent controller
Author(s): B. Moshiri, F. Rashidi (Affiliation: Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Tehran Univ., Iran)
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Journal: WSEAS Trans. Circuits Syst. (Greece), vol.3, no.2, p.404-10 (April 2004) Publisher: WSEAS, Greece Language: English ISSN: 1109-2734 Document type: Journal article Abstract: In this paper, the idea of emotional critic based fuzzy controller is generalized in order to control of nonlinear, MIMO HVAC system. The proposed methodology is composed of a set of neurofuzzy controllers, the weights of which are adapted according to emotional signals created by a block called frizzy critic. Our proposed solution, can achieve very robust and satisfactory performance even though there were only two controlled input processes to the plant which could be used to get the desired performance levels. The response time was also very fast despite the fact that the control strategy was based on bounded rationality. The proposed strategy is very flexible and alternative performance specifications can easily be enforced via defining proper emotional cues (13 refs.) Inspec No.: 8250074
298 Measurements of deuterium lamp noise & implications for UV instrumentation

Author(s): J. Britton, S. Hoath (Affiliation: New Product Dev., Cathodeon Ltd., England, UK), N. Lang, H. Lange, A. Page Editor(s): G.Zissis Conference: Light Sources 2004. Tenth International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources, Toulouse, France Conference Date: 18-22 July 2004 Publication: Light Sources 2004. Tenth International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources Publisher: Inst. of Phys, UK, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7503 1007 3 Page: 387-8 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Deuterium lamps with their characteristic UV continuum are used extensively in analytical instrumentation for chemical and biochemical assays, and are often cited as the limiting factor in identification of trace compounds of significance to investigators. Noise measurements and implications are presented. Lamp noise is here defined as the ratio of peak-to-peak detected intensity fluctuations to the average detected intensity, where intensity is in fact measured in terms of the current output of an integrated photo-detector attached to a spectrometer with a finite wavelength bandwidth. There are several different sources of noise present simultaneously, combined with the lamp noise. We found noise from a given lamp shows no correlation on supply voltage/current fluctuations - implying inherent lamp noise dominates supply noise. We studied noise produced by UV continuum and UV line sources and lamps run with different power supplies finding for example a deuterium lamp sample with significantly different (worse) noise values. We also find that measurements of the constant lamp noise are usually dominated by other noise terms when studied at typical 1 nm bandwidths Inspec No.: 8253926
Toulouse, France Conference Date: 18-22 July 2004 Publication: Light Sources 2004. Tenth International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources Publisher: Inst. of Phys, UK, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7503 1007 3 Page: 397-8 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Compact fluorescent lamps have, in general, higher wall load than usual linear fluorescent lamps. We therefore enclosed pure mercury so as to obtain enough mercury pressure at the initial stage of lamp starting. Thus it becomes quite important how to control the cold spot temperature of the lamp envelope. In this study we show another technique to control the cold spot temperature of an electrodeless fluorescent lamp with inner coil configurations and thus to increase the lamp efficacy during burning. We found a new technique for controlling the cold spot temperature of an electrodeless compact fluorescent lamp inner coil configuration. Using this, we could improve greatly the light buildup than current compact fluorescent lamps, up to 60% of the stable burning within 1 sec, without any lowering of lamp efficacy (1 refs.) Inspec No.: 8253927
300 Application of temperature fuzzy self-tuning PID controller in a resistance furnace

Author(s): Shu-Hui Wen (Affiliation: Dept. of Instrument Sci., Yanshan Univ., Hebei, China), Xiu-Hong Liu Conference: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Shanghai, China Conference Date: 26-29 Aug. 2004 Publication: Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04EX826) Publisher: IEEE, USA, 2004 Language: English ISBN: 0 7803 8403 2 Page: 817-21 vol.2 Document type: Conference paper Abstract: Aiming at the complicated system of calcining the workpieces in the resistance furnace, this paper presents the method of using fuzzy self-adaptive PID controller to improve controlling accuracy of the resistance furnace. It improves system response, makes function more steady and lowers the using of energy and original material. It also lowers waster rate, and calcined workpieces are good in function. The trial results indicate that the control system has the good application value (10 refs.) Inspec No.: 8254148
7.4 Air Conditioning and Refrigeration

301 Operating performance analysis of the ground source heat pump
Author(s): Sun Jian-ping, Wang Jing-gang, Zhang Zi-ping (Affiliation: Urban Constr. Sch., Hebei Univ. of Eng., Handan, China) Journal: J. North China Electr. Power Univ. (China), vol.31, no.5, p.52-5 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of the Journal of North China Electric Power University, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2691 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper investigates the performances of scroll compression ground source heat pump unit in winter and in summer typical conditions, and analyses the operating performance of ground source heat pump system with the condensing temperature and the water flow rate. The air conditioning terminal load and the heat pump unit
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299 A new technique for controlling the cold spot temperature of low frequency driven electrodeless compact fluorescent lamps
Author(s): K. Hashimotodani, A. Hochi, T. Arakawa (Affiliation: Lighting Res. Lab., Matsuchita Electr. Industrial Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan), M. Kawasaki, K. Seki, K. Katase Editor(s): G.Zissis Conference: Light Sources 2004. Tenth International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources,
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performance must be given attention in setting up the operating conditions of the ground source heat pump system. The method of synthesizing inner and outer parameters should be adopted in the capacity control of the ground source heat pump (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247398
302 The thermostat problem nonlinear boundary condition
with
nonlocal
Author(s): G. Kalna (Affiliation: Fac. of Veterinary Medicine, Glasgow Univ., UK), S. McKee Journal: IMA J. Appl. Math. (UK), vol.69, no.5, p.437-62 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Oxford University Press for Inst. Math. Appl, UK Language: English ISSN: 0272-4960, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: The thermostat controller for an air-conditioning system is usually placed in a position at some distance from the unit and this can lead to large swings in temperature. This paper addresses this question by studying a paradigm-a onedimensional heat conduction equation with and without heat loss, and where the flux of heat extracted or input by the unit is considered to be a function of the temperature at the other end. The essential results are that the system can be unstable and that this is exacerbated both by a more powerful airconditioning unit and by more efficient insulation (26 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247439
Journal: Appl. Therm. Eng. (UK), vol.24, no.14-15, p.2281-92 (Oct. 2004) Publisher: Elsevier, UK Language: English ISSN: 1359-4311, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents the effect of door openings of refrigerators/freezers on the energy consumption and compartment temperature variation by experimental approach. Two types of refrigerators/freezers were tested in the study. One is a type of variable frequency operation, while the other is a type of fixed frequency operation. The testing procedure was conducted under the ambient temperatures of 15 and 30 C, and the door opening operation was carried out by one automatic robotic apparatus in an environmental control room. From the test results, energy consumption of refrigerators/ freezers with door opening was found to increase by 10%, compared to the same product without door opening. Based on the compartment temperature variation status during door opening, control strategy was also proposed to improve the efficiency of variable frequency type of refrigerators/freezers. Future study on door opening control methodology can be addressed on usage's characteristics, so that it would help to control temperature variation and improve energy utilization by minimizing the effect of door opening (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8248299
303 Fault detection and diagnosis method for the temperature sensors with fixed bias in water systems of HVAC
Author(s): JIn Xinqiao, Du Zhimin, Hui Guanghai, Li Xiaofeng (Affiliation: Inst. of Refrigeration & Cryogenics Eng., Shanghai Jiaotong Univ., China) Journal: Chin. J. Mech. Eng. (China), vol.40, no.9, p.42-7 (Sept. 2004) Publisher: Chinese J. Mech. Eng, China Language: English ISSN: 0577-6686 Document type: Journal article Abstract: A fault detection and diagnosis method is presented, which based on analytical redundancy and statistics, for detecting and evaluating the temperature sensors with fixed bias in HVAC water systems. Based on energy conservation, analytical redundancy models of measurements and measurement residuals of each selected control volume are set up, and then the FDD problem could be changed into solving the minimization problem by using of statistic theory. The equations for FDD are set up and solved to obtain the fixed bias of measurements of temperature sensors. It is discussed to select data samples for FDD as well as reliability in this paper. The presented FDD method is tested and validated by simulation of chilling water systems. The results show that this method could be used to detect and evaluate the fault of fixed bias of temperature sensor caused by zero shifts (6 refs.) Inspec No.: 8247591
305 Several engineering problems and implementation of intelligent control in the central air conditioning systems
Author(s): Xiao Yan-jun (Affiliation: Sch. of Mech. Eng., Hebei Univ. of Technol., Tianjin, China), Wang Li-hua, Chen Qiang, Song Xiao-qiang Journal: J. Hebei Univ. Technol. (China), vol.33, no.5, p.11316 (2004) Publisher: Hebei University of Technology, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1007-2373 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents several engineering problems usually ignored in the central air conditioning systems. It also seeks the implementation of intelligent control in them. And the experiment results show that we cannot overlook the mechanical problems because of their importance and we need to develop new control strategies at the same time in central air conditioning systems (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8249664
306 Experimental study on adsorbent of activated carbon with refrigerant of methanol and ethanol for solar ice maker
Author(s): M. Li (Affiliation: Sch. of Phys. & Electron. Inf., Yunnan Normal Univ., Kunming, China), H.B. Huang, R.Z. Wang, L.L. Wang, W.D. Cai, W.M. Yang Journal: Renew. Energy (UK), vol.29, no.15, p.2235-44 (Dec. 2004) Publisher: Elsevier, UK Language: English ISSN: 09601481, Full text Document type: Journal article Abstract: Two different working pairs, one of them activated carbon-methanol and the other activated carbon-ethanol, are used in a solar ice maker to determine ice production and refrigerant criteria in desorption and adsorption processes under similar radiation energy and environmental conditions. Experimental results show that ice can be produced with activated carbon-methanol, however, ice could not be obtained with the use of activated carbon-ethanol using the same solar ice maker with similar environments and radiation intensities. Further experiments have shown that the
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304 Performance comparison with effect of door opening on variable and fixed frequency refrigerators/ freezers
Author(s): Der-Yeong Liu, Wen-Ruey Chang, Jian-Yuan Lin (Affiliation: Energy & Resources Lab., Ind. Technol. Res. Inst., Hsinchu, Taiwan)
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adsorbing and desorbing refrigerant amounts of the two working pairs gave quite different results, the activated carbon-methanol has proven to be the superior one of the two working pairs in ice production of solar adsorption refrigeration (14 refs.) Inspec No.: 8252095
7.5 Industrial Applications

307 Research on new lifting moment limiter
Author(s): Zhou Hong, Hu Wen-shan, Wu Bang-chun (Affiliation: Dept. of Autom., Wuhan Univ., China) Journal: Instrum. Technique Sens. (China), no.10, p.31-7 (2004) Publisher: Editorial Board of the Instrument Technique and Sensor J, China Language: Chinese ISSN: 1002-1841 Document type: Journal article Abstract: Lifting moment limiter can avoid the accident caused by overloading and make the operation of the crane more reliable and safer, described the working theory of the lifting moment limiter and devised a new kind of system based on MCU 78E516 and LCD MGL-240128, which supports Chinese character interface and is more reliable and powerful (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8251449
308 Optimization of energy consumption in food industry

Author(s): N. Tane (Affiliation: Dept. of Machines for Agric. & Food Ind., Transilvania Univ. of Brasov, Romania) Journal: Bull. Transilvania Univ. Brasov A (Romania), vol.10 (45), p.115-18 (2003) Publisher: Transilvania University, Romania Language: English ISSN: 1223-9631 Document type: Journal article Abstract: This paper presents the analysis of energy consumptions in technological processes from the food industry, as well as some modalities to reduce them, while maintaining or raising the product's quality, utilizing the experience of some specialized firms from the developed countries (3 refs.) Inspec No.: 8252792
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SUBJECT INDEX
AC generators 144 AC machines 148, 150, 151 AC motor drives 267 AC motors 155, 158 AC-AC power convertors 198 AC-DC power convertors 188, 189, 190, 191, 232, 244, 260 acoustic noise 199 active filters 35, 203, 204, 242, 266 active networks 42 ad hoc networks 282 adaptive control 146, 152, 163, 164, 247, 300 adaptive signal processing 59 adaptive systems 146 adhesion 286 adsorption 306 air conditioning 301, 302, 305 air gaps 17, 101, 111, 129 alternators 281 angular velocity control 132, 147, 177, 180, 233, 271, 284 angular velocity measurement 120 approximation theory 274 arc furnaces 47 artificial intelligence 275 asymptotic stability 39, 148, 166 asynchronous generators 256 asynchronous machines 114, 154, 162, 163, 198 automatic frequency control 33 automatic gain control 49 automobiles 291 automotive components 281 automotive engineering 282 backpropagation 16, 23, 60, 70, 97, 180 bang-bang control 273 barium compounds 144, 145 belief networks 26 bending 178 bifurcation 41 bilinear systems 118 binary codes 20 binomial distribution 72 bismuth compounds 185 boundary-elements methods 83 boundary-value problems 41 bridge circuits 169, 196, 216, 220, 249 brushless DC motors 169, 170, 171, 173, 174, 269 brushless machines 149, 168 building wiring 68 busbars 47 calcination 300 calcium compounds 185 capacitance 91, 217 capacitor motors 135 capacitor switching 135 capacitors 39, 242, 264 cascade control 196, 260
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cascade networks 196 cathodes 263 centralised control 165 circuit breakers 58, 87, 88, 89, 90, 264 circuit simulation 173 circuit-breaking arcs 264 closed loop systems 39, 143, 163, 166, 167, 238, 252, 272, 291 clutches 285 coils 81, 91 commutation 102, 207, 223 commutator motors 169 commutators 169, 174 compensation 4, 5, 35, 39, 49, 59, 91, 155, 226, 239, 240, 242 compressors 304 computational electromagnetics 215 computer graphics 137 computerised monitoring 97, 142, 160 condition monitoring 97, 100, 142 conductors (electric) 71, 83 conjugate gradient methods 60 consumer behaviour 10 contact resistance 74 continuous improvement 30 control engineering computing 149, 150, 153, 155, 172, 205, 244, 245, 246, 247, 278, 291, 294 control nonlinearities 40, 148 control system analysis computing 48, 156 control system synthesis 38, 39, 40, 42, 98, 146, 164, 165, 174, 175, 192, 259, 260, 272 controllability 162 controller area networks 106 convergence 21, 30 convergence of numerical methods 180 cooling 80, 127 copper 145 corona 71 cost-benefit analysis 18 costing 6, 67 cranes 307 critical current density (superconductivity) 144, 145 cycloconvertors 229 damping 39, 166, 236 data acquisition 177 database management systems 133 DC generators 168 DC machines 208 DC motor drives 233, 269, 272 DC motors 172, 175, 177 DC transformers 193 DC-AC power convertors 49 DC-DC power convertors 192, 193, 205, 209, 212, 213, 225, 231, 235, 241, 258, 262 decentralised control 29 decision making 10, 22, 177
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decision support systems 2, 85, 295 deformation 121 delays 180, 199, 202 design engineering 225 differential equations 44 differentiation 1 digital control 156, 165, 201, 202, 262 digital signal processing chips 106, 116, 142, 153, 155, 183, 202, 242, 245, 246, 275, 278 digital simulation 5, 49, 172 diodes 213 discharges (electric) 252 discrete event systems 67 discrete Fourier transforms 43, 103 discrete time systems 42, 259 discrete wavelet transforms 85 distributed control 196 distributed object management 28 distributed power generation 62, 64, 69 distribution networks 57, 59, 66, 68, 240 divertors 264 domestic appliances 134 driver information systems 282 dynamic response 41, 126, 130, 202, 235 dynamometers 140, 141 earthing 83, 91, 92, 93, 94, 99 econometrics 18 eddy currents 107 eigenvalues and eigenfunctions 117 electric actuators 42, 107 electric breakdown 182 electric current 50 electric current control 34, 42, 49, 59, 98, 151, 163, 193, 202, 220, 236, 238, 242, 244, 255, 273 electric current measurement 81, 84, 106, 125, 181 electric drives 266 electric generators 99, 106, 137, 166 electric impedance 72, 85, 92 electric impedance measurement 125 electric machine analysis computing 123, 124, 125, 128, 130, 131, 149, 150, 153, 156, 172, 177, 273 electric machines 111, 142 electric motors 65, 112, 133 electric potential 50, 267 electric power generation 19 electric propulsion 290 electric resistance 104 electric resistance measurement 74, 93, 124 electric sensing devices 81, 170, 181, 285 electric vehicles 140, 141, 284, 291 electrical contacts 264 electrical engineering computing 159 electrical faults 88, 90 electrical products industry 179 electrical safety 68 electricity supply industry 21 electricity supply industry deregulation 19
electrodeless lamps 299 electromagnetic compatibility 233 electromagnetic fields 71, 84, 116 electromagnetic interference 71, 199, 203 electro-optical devices 81 embedded systems 142 emergency power supply 68, 256 EMTP 16, 44, 86, 92, 183, 186, 187 energy conservation 10, 296, 303, 304, 308 energy management systems 12, 265 environmental factors 304 environmental science computing 70 equivalent circuits 72, 123, 184, 215 ethylene-propylene rubber 75 evolutionary computation 21, 22, 31 facsimile equipment 224 failure analysis 121, 133 fast Fourier transforms 106, 122, 129, 197 fault currents 86, 183 fault diagnosis 100, 142, 159, 160 fault location 51, 55, 58, 85, 86, 91, 92, 303 fault simulation 86, 182 fault tolerance 198 feedback 40, 98, 143, 165, 197, 272 feedforward 154, 157, 163, 274 feedforward neural nets 60 field buses 106 field programmable gate arrays 156, 202, 278 filament lamps 296 finite element analysis 76, 119, 128, 173, 178 fixed point arithmetic 116 flashover 78, 79 flexible AC transmission systems 36, 44, 230 flow 301 fluorescent lamps 299 flywheels 256 food manufacturing 308 food processing industry 308 foundations 80 Fourier analysis 220 Fourier transforms 168 frequency control 29, 115, 157, 208, 235, 251, 252, 304 frequency convertors 233, 237 frequency estimation 1 frequency measurement 186 frequency multipliers 211 frequency response 81 frequency-domain analysis 239 friction 176 fuel cells 205 fuzzy control 12, 40, 131, 158, 172, 177, 257, 271, 275, 291, 294, 297, 300 fuzzy logic 9, 12, 26, 52, 53, 147, 297 fuzzy systems 26, 52, 53, 147 game theory 6, 14, 22 gears 140 genetic algorithms 18, 20, 119, 136, 294
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government policies 10 Hall effect devices 170 hardware description languages 156 harmonic analysis 1, 108, 110, 111, 112, 120, 184, 188, 189 harmonic distortion 47, 63, 95, 196, 207, 243, 244, 251, 270 harmonic generation 270 harmonics 78, 181, 200 harmonics suppression 122, 196, 206 health and safety 68 heat conduction 302 heat losses 302 heat pumps 301 heat sinks 44 heat treatment 74 heating 224 hidden Markov models 26 hierarchical systems 161 high-temperature superconductors 144, 145, 185 Hinfin control 27, 29, 272 HVAC 203, 297, 303 HVDC power convertors 42 HVDC power transmission 42, 54 hybrid electric vehicles 294 hybrid power systems 205 hydroelectric power stations 94 ice 80, 306 identification 99 IEC standards 190 IEEE standards 104 image processing 137 impulse testing 182 inductance 5, 105, 226, 232 induction heating 237 induction motor drives 132, 153, 188, 189, 199, 246, 271, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279 induction motors 100, 101, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 122, 125, 138, 146, 147, 148, 157 inductors 203 industrial economics 179 industrial plants 2, 133 industrial power systems 32, 57 inference mechanisms 291 infinite horizon 261 information retrieval 133 insulated gate bipolar transistors 44, 59, 174, 230 insulation testing 104 insulator contamination 66, 78, 79 insulator testing 79 integrated circuits 224 integrated optics 81 integro-differential equations 71 intelligent control 136, 305 interconnected systems 42 Internet 133, 142 interpolation 1, 147
invertors 59, 64, 101, 130, 141, 157, 162, 200, 204, 209, 211, 217, 219, 221, 234, 240, 242, 252, 253, 255, 256, 259, 304 investment 7 iterative methods 29, 41 Kalman filters 26, 56 knowledge based systems 294 lamps 298 leakage currents 66, 78, 125 learning (artificial intelligence) 25, 146 lifts 292 lighting control 296 lightning protection 84 limiters 307 linear matrix inequalities 29, 259, 262 linear motors 178 linear synchronous motors 292 linear systems 40, 117 linearisation techniques 40 Linux 142 load (electric) 56, 73 load dispatching 17 load distribution 7 load flow 8, 11, 21, 31, 244 load flow control 32, 36, 37 load forecasting 23, 25, 26, 38 load management 9 load regulation 29, 193, 234 losses 32, 63, 73, 207, 219, 232, 273 low-pass filters 201 Lyapunov methods 39, 148, 166, 262 machine bearings 123, 139 machine control 27, 98, 114, 115, 117, 118, 129, 130, 131, 134, 136, 139, 143, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152, 156, 157, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 172, 174, 175, 177, 180, 198, 233, 266, 268, 272, 278, 279, 280, 284, 292 machine insulation 104 machine testing 104, 114, 121, 125, 126, 140, 141, 142 machine theory 110, 111, 113, 128 machine vector control 132, 151, 153, 154, 155, 246, 271, 273, 275, 277 machine windings 104, 122, 135, 154, 276 magnetic circuits 111, 112, 123, 125, 128 magnetic fields 215 magnetic flux 105, 107, 116, 117, 119, 124, 128, 129, 183 magnetic hysteresis 107, 239, 242, 273 magnetic levitation 101 magnetic materials 232 maintenance engineering 66, 97, 133, 142 marine radar 295 marine safety 295 marine systems 295 mathematics computing 238, 241 matrix algebra 118 matrix decomposition 210 metering 81 method of moments 94
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microcomputer applications 247 microcomputers 45 microcontrollers 220, 225 micromotors 177 microsensors 283 MIMO systems 297 minimisation 31, 32, 303 mobile communication 293 model reference adaptive control systems 147, 277 modulators 243 Monte Carlo methods 187 MOS integrated circuits 231 motion control 165, 175, 292 motor drives 167, 230, 270, 280, 284 motor protection 104 multi-agent systems 13 multiconductor transmission lines 72 multilayer perceptrons 70 navigation 295 network servers 28 network topology 173, 192, 227, 244, 250 neural nets 2, 9, 16, 23, 25, 59, 86, 97, 242 neurocontrollers 38, 146, 152, 158, 180, 297 neutral currents 91 Newton method 30 niobium alloys 74 noise measurement 298 nonlinear control systems 39, 40, 42, 143, 148, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166, 241, 257, 258, 259, 260, 272, 297 nonlinear equations 128 nonlinear programming 187, 204 nonlinear systems 41, 240 nuclear power 290 object-oriented methods 13 object-oriented programming 28 observers 39, 117, 118, 124, 148, 165, 259, 279, 286 open loop systems 246 optimal control 42, 67, 106, 168, 268, 294 optimisation 4, 21, 22, 34, 41, 103, 143, 218, 251, 278, 299, 308 oscillations 27, 177 overcurrent protection 85 overhead line conductors 76 overvoltage protection 91, 223 parallel programming 21 parameter estimation 119, 123, 126 Pareto optimisation 24 partial discharges 182 passive filters 47, 63, 236 pattern recognition 9, 52, 53, 85 PD control 143 permanent magnet machines 167 permanent magnet motors 102, 130, 140, 143, 161, 164, 169, 173, 273, 290, 292 permanent magnets 143 perturbation techniques 236, 241 perturbation theory 61
phase control 233, 234, 238 phase locked loops 49 phase measurement 240 phase shifters 211 photocopying 224 photodetectors 285, 298 PI control 29, 172, 242, 260 piezoceramics 178 Pockels effect 81 pole assignment 247 poles and towers 80 position control 164, 170, 175, 268, 272, 284 potential transformers 181 power amplifiers 197 power bipolar transistors 44 power cable insulation 75 power cable testing 75 power cables 87, 88, 89, 90 power capacitors 4, 5, 39, 190, 206, 248, 249 power consumption 2, 296, 304, 308 power control 168, 216, 220, 261, 294 power conversion 254 power conversion harmonics 57, 186, 188, 189, 197, 206, 207, 233, 240, 242, 243 power convertors 48, 98, 187, 200, 214, 222, 224, 228, 257, 260, 261 power distribution 13, 63 power distribution control 64, 67, 69 power distribution faults 55, 85 power distribution lines 70 power distribution planning 24, 47 power distribution protection 65, 206 power electronics 69, 173, 214 power engineering computing 1, 5, 13, 15, 24, 25, 37, 38, 46, 49, 58, 85, 96, 97, 137, 155, 160, 184, 201, 202, 205, 222, 238, 241, 244, 245, 246, 247, 274, 278, 287 power factor 42, 55, 63, 150, 198, 233, 238, 244, 254, 266 power factor correction 4, 32, 190, 191, 202, 203, 210, 214, 260 power filters 204, 266 power generation dispatch 18 power generation economics 8, 22 power generation scheduling 20 power harmonic filters 35, 47, 56, 63, 236, 242, 270 power inductors 4, 190, 194 power markets 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 22 power measurement 120 power MOSFET 218, 221, 228, 231 power overhead lines 77 power plants 2 power semiconductor devices 229 power semiconductor diodes 249, 251, 266 power semiconductor switches 273 power supplies to apparatus 45, 224 power supply quality 35, 43, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 59, 95, 240, 254, 267 power system analysis computing 9, 52, 53, 60
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power system control 12, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 40, 41, 96, 166 power system dynamic stability 54 power system economics 6, 10 power system faults 15, 27, 46, 51, 86, 87, 89, 91 power system harmonics 4, 34, 35, 43, 46, 50, 56, 59, 60, 95 power system interconnection 8, 29, 36, 63, 94, 204 power system measurement 51, 77, 93, 95, 96, 97 power system planning 23 power system protection 3, 17, 82, 91, 287 power system reliability 3 power system restoration 3, 67 power system security 11, 17, 31, 38, 67 power system simulation 2, 13, 16, 36, 41, 56, 61, 86, 92 power system stability 30, 36, 39 power system state estimation 82 power system transient stability 5, 27, 40 power systems 1 power transformer protection 183 power transformer testing 182, 183 power transformers 49, 72, 181, 232 power transmission (mechanical) 176 power transmission control 36, 42, 48, 49, 54 power transmission economics 7, 11 power transmission faults 48, 58, 92 power transmission lines 58, 71, 73, 80, 92 power transmission protection 58, 80 power transmission reliability 80 prediction theory 23 predictive control 202, 248, 261 predictor-corrector methods 8 preventive maintenance 229 pricing 8, 11 principal component analysis 25 printers 224 probabilistic logic 9 probability 26 programmable controllers 296 pulse generators 215 pulse modulation 220 pulse width modulation 157 pulsed power supplies 215 pulsed power switches 263 PWM invertors 125, 153, 154, 155, 174, 195, 196, 199, 237, 238, 243, 245, 248, 249, 250, 251, 266, 269, 273, 274, 276, 278 PWM power convertors 132, 156, 188, 189, 193, 197, 201, 210, 211, 226, 227, 229, 233, 235, 236, 238, 239, 244, 246, 251, 262, 266 Q-factor 217 quadratic programming 294 quality control 308 radial basis function networks 58, 160 rail traffic 288 railway engineering 185, 286 railway safety 289 railways 286, 288 RC circuits 239
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reactive power 8, 47, 56, 59, 204, 254 reactive power control 12, 32, 34, 36, 42, 114, 132, 149, 234, 238 real-time systems 247 rectification 168, 281 rectifiers 194 rectifying circuits 203, 210, 233, 236, 238, 244, 247 recurrent neural nets 60, 180 reduced order systems 117 refrigerants 306 refrigeration 306 refrigerators 304 regulation 272 relay control 33 relay protection 51, 65, 81, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 183, 264 relays 62, 82 reliability 225, 255 reliability theory 303 reluctance motor drives 268 reluctance motors 98, 105, 107, 128, 129, 134, 136, 143, 145, 156 remanence 183 remote handling 142 renewable energy sources 69 resistance furnaces 300 resistors 264 resonance 5 resonant invertors 208, 216, 218, 220 resonant power convertors 232 risk analysis 79 road safety 283 road traffic 293 robust control 29, 40, 147, 161, 163, 241, 260, 271, 297 rotors 98, 99, 105, 108, 110, 112, 117, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 145, 151, 159, 176, 256, 268, 273, 277 routing protocols 282 safety systems 283 sampled data systems 201, 235 sampling methods 177 SCADA systems 12 scheduling 9 search problems 24, 25 secondary cells 205 self-adjusting systems 300 sensor fusion 159, 283 servomotors 146, 164, 171, 175, 179 shafts 137 shear deformation 176 ships 287 short-circuit currents 15, 99, 287 signal processing 210 signalling 288, 289 sintering 74 slip (asynchronous machines) 115, 132 smoothing methods 26 snubbers 230, 231
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soft magnetic materials 145 software agents 13 software prototyping 124 soil 80 solar power 306 spark gaps 263 spatial variables control 102 spectra 243 spectrometers 298 SPICE 218 splines (mathematics) 128 springs (mechanical) 176 squirrel cage motors 108, 109, 110, 120, 121, 123, 124, 128, 159 stability 214, 258, 259, 262 state feedback 39, 166, 259 state-space methods 118, 262 static VAr compensators 5, 7, 8, 36, 47, 49, 188, 189 statistical analysis 84, 229, 303 statistical testing 18, 79 stators 100, 108, 114, 115, 119, 123, 125, 127, 132, 138, 143, 145, 151, 167, 176 steam turbines 5 steering systems 285 stepping motors 171, 179 stochastic processes 20 strategic planning 24 strips 228 strontium compounds 185 substation automation 13, 265 substation protection 80, 265 substations 76 superconducting arrays 144 superconducting cables 74 superconducting coils 74, 185 superconducting device testing 145, 185 superconducting devices 145 superconducting filters 144 superconducting magnet energy storage 57 superconducting magnets 185 superconducting tapes 185 superconducting thin films 144 superconducting transformers 144, 185 surface discharges 263 surge protection 62 switched mode power supplies 190, 193, 281 switching circuits 173 switching convertors 44, 191, 193, 194, 195, 199, 201, 207, 216, 219, 227, 231, 258, 269, 273, 274 synchronisation 233, 234, 274 synchronous generators 8, 62, 126, 127, 131, 152 synchronous machines 103 synchronous motor drives 273 synchronous motors 130, 140, 161, 164 system buses 106 telecommunication networks 17 telecommunication security 17
telecommunication services 293 telecontrol 28, 96, 265 television applications 265 temperature control 80, 300, 304 temperature distribution 127 temperature sensors 303 thermal insulation 302 thermal stability 80 thermal stresses 121 thermostats 302 three-term control 106, 152, 175, 241, 247, 300 thyratrons 263 thyristor applications 39, 230, 278 thyristor convertors 223, 233 thyristors 39 time-domain analysis 239 time-frequency analysis 52, 53 time-varying systems 98, 165, 251, 294 tin alloys 74 torque 101, 102, 105, 109, 110, 112, 115, 122, 129, 136, 141, 143, 171, 280 torque control 98, 114, 132, 151, 167, 284, 286 torque measurement 120, 138, 167 torque motors 143 traction 286 traffic control 295 transfer functions 181 transformer cores 183, 232 transformer magnetic circuits 184 transformer windings 182, 185, 190, 227, 232 transformers 213, 227 transient analysis 184, 187 transient response 43, 81, 239, 257 transients 187, 223, 228 transistors 213 transmission line matrix methods 72 transmission network calculations 61 trigger circuits 174, 248 tuning 175, 271 turbogenerators 5, 27, 126, 139, 160 two-port networks 72 type II superconductors 74 ultrasonic motors 176, 178, 180 ultrasonic transducers 283 ultraviolet sources 298 uncertain systems 40, 146 underwater vehicles 290 uninterruptible power supplies 254, 255 variable speed drives 267, 270, 274 variable structure systems 147, 273 vectors 210 velocity control 136, 158, 172, 286 velocity measurement 84, 285 vibration control 139, 167 vibration measurement 167 vibrations 100, 139 video cameras 283
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voltage control 12, 42, 64, 157, 172, 202, 220, 225, 234, 235, 238, 248, 251 voltage measurement 93, 106, 181, 202 voltage regulators 228 Volterra equations 302 wavelet transforms 9, 146 wireless LAN 282 wires (electric) 70 workstation clusters 21 yttrium compounds 144, 145 zero current switching 216, 217, 220, 227 zero voltage switching 193, 194, 208, 212, 213, 217, 227, 237, 269
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Inspec Subject Updates Power Systems &amp; Applications Issue 2005-003

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Inspec Subject Updates Power Systems &amp; Applications Issue 2005-003

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Power Systems & Applications Issue 2005-003

Power Systems & Applications

1.0 Power Systems

2.0 Power Transmission, Distribution and Supply

3.0 Power Transmission Lines and Cables

7.0 Power Utilisation and Applications

Power Systems & Applications

1.0 Power Systems

2 Simulation of managing the generation of ecologic energy in local energy market

4 Cost-effective applications correction for nonlinear loads

1.1 Power System Management, Operation and Economics

Power Systems & Applications

6 Use of cooperative game theory in power system fixed-cost allocation

7 Distribution factors for reactive power in the presence of bilateral transactions

Power Systems & Applications

10 Consumers' bounded rationality: the case of competitive energy markets

13 An architecture of a multi-agent system for power system operation

11 Marginal energy prices in transmission network nodes

14 Comparison of settlement methods in deregulated power generation market

Power Systems & Applications

Simulation and calculation for short circuit current

19 Role of customer perception to quality of service in power utility management

16 Single-phase automatic reclosing based on SPDS neural network

17 Application of air gap to construct layered dispatching communication network

18 A genetic algorithm for economic dispatching of generators

Power Systems & Applications

1.2 Power System Planning and Layout

Power Systems & Applications

28 Research on object-oriented communication system for power system

26 Fuzzy hidden Markov predictor in electric load forecasting

1.3 Power System Control

Power Systems & Applications

33 Sinusoidal wave frequency change

31 Evolutionary programming constrained optimal power flow

32 Control of the reactive power compensators in industry power grid

Power Systems & Applications

Output feedback passivity-based control of facts

Matlab/S-function simulation based on UPFC

40 Robust power system transient enhancement: a global control approach

Power Systems & Applications

2.0 Power Transmission, Distribution and Supply

41 Guaranteeing dynamic performance in nonlinear non-smooth power systems

42 Discrete-time control design for transmission between two infinite buses

45 Sensitivity of personal computers to voltage sags and short interruptions

Power Systems & Applications

50 Second harmonic components in power system voltages and currents

Power Systems & Applications

51 Applying distance relay for voltage sag source detection

Power Systems & Applications

60 Harmonic detection using neural networks with conjugate gradient algorithm

58 Non-communication protection for transmission lines based on RBF neural network

2.1 Network and Transmission Line Calculations

Power Systems & Applications

64 Voltage control with inverter-based distributed generation

2.2 Distribution Networks

65 Protective device coordination enhancement for motor starting programs

66 Correlation among ESDD, NSDD and leakage current in distribution insulators

Power Systems & Applications

67 Restoration strategy for power networks using optimal supervisory control

70 Neural networks determining injury by salt water for distribution lines

3.0 Power Transmission Lines and Cables

69 Control of power electronic distributed generation microgrids

Power Systems & Applications

Inspec Subject Updates Power Systems & Applications Issue 2005-003

Inspec Subject Updates Power Systems & Applications Issue 2005-003