UNDERWATER GROUP

Personal Report
V Th Ngn 9/28/2012

KNH TRUYN

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 Sng nh sng v trng dng in khng c kh nng truyn thng tin di nc. Sng in t c c ly qu ngn v yu cu ng k cng sut truyn. Sng m thanh c c ly truyn ln nht so vi cc sng khc cng mt cng sut truyn => l phng php kh thi nht d cn nhiu gii hn.

1. c tnh knh truyn di nc

1.1. Cc thng s nh hng

Nhit (T) Nng mui (S) pH ca nc bin (pH) su (D) hay p sut ca nc (P) S bin ng ca b mt v a hnh y Cc nhn t trn c nh hng trc tip v quan trng ln nhng c tnh ca knh truyn v ng thi chng cng c mi quan h mt thit vi nhau. V d: o Nhit gim khi su tng, su cng tng nhit gim cng mnh. o mn gim mnh khi su tng; ngoi tr vng d bit mn halocline: mn c xu hng tng nh theo su. 1.2. c tnh tc m thanh

Truyn khng dy di nc ph thuc c bn nht vo mi trng m thanh v c tnh c bn quan trng nht l tc m thanh. Knh thng tin di nc: phc tp do ph thuc vo cc nhn t thay i, cc nhn t ny ph thuc ln nhau, thay i qua nhng v tr, su khc nhau.

 Cn xy dng mt m hnh tc ng ca cc nhn t ny ln tc m thanh => phng trnh Mackenzine vi sai s tnh ton 0.070 m/s v = 1448.96 + 4.591 x T 5.304 x x + 2.374 x + 1340 x( S - 35 )

+ 1.630 x 7.139 x

x D + 1,675 x xTx

- 1.025 x

x T x ( S 35 )

Vi : v tc m thanh [m/s] T nhit [ ]

D su [m] S mn [phn nghn ppt]

Hnh 2.2.1. Tc m thanh ph thuc vo tng nhit v su ( S= 35ppt ) tc m thanh trong nc bin khng phi gi tr c nh 1500m/s tc m thanh tng theo su v s tng ca nhit mi trng

Hnh 2.2.2. Tc m thanh ph thuc vo nhit v su ( S = 33 ppt ) Tc m thanh tng theo c nhit v su nhng theo chiu tng nhit , c tnh ca tc m thanh dc hn nhiu

Hnh 2.2.3. Tc m thanh tng theo nc bin trong mn ( T = 30

, D = 8km )

Vi nhit v su ti u th nh hng ca mn l khng ng k => c th chn mt mn c nh m vn chp nhn c .

1.3.

Suy hao truyn

S gim mt m thanh trong qu trnh truyn t b pht ti b thu, gm 3 kha cnh chnh: suy hao tri hnh hc, suy hao do hp th v s truyn bt thng. 1.3.1. Suy hao tri hnh hc ( Spreading loss ) Cng m thanh gim theo s m theo c ly Phn b hnh cu: khong cch truyn ln Phn b hnh tr: khong cch truyn nh, nc nng

Knh vng su: chuyn t phn b hnh tr sang phn b hnh cu Cng thc tnh ton suy hao tri hnh hc TL(lantruyen) = 10 = 10.n.log

Trong : r: c ly : khong cch tham chiu 1.3.2. Suy hao do hp th: nh hng tn s cao Nng lng m thanh trong qu trnh truyn bin i thnh nhit do ma st nht. Qu trnh suy hao ph thuc vo tn s, tn s cng cao suy hao cng nhiu.

1.3.2.1. -

S hp th gy ra bi s chuyn ng ca ht.

f > 100Khz, m thanh to ra s chuyn ng ca ht => to thnh nhit do nht. H s suy gim tng theo bnh phng tn s, v ph thuc vo nhit T, su D hoc p sut P. 1.3.2.2. S hp th ha hc

Mt vi phn t trong nc c nhiu hn mt trng thi n nh, qu trnh chuyn i gia cc trng thi ph thuc vo p sut => to ra s chuyn i nng lng, kt hp vi p sut m thanh dao ng to ra nhit.

- Nguyn nhn gy ra s hp th ha hc: mn nc bin (S), axit Boric

, mui Ngoi ra pH cng nh hng ti s hp th ca nc bin: chn pH=8 th hin axit ca nc bin. 1.3.2.3. S suy gim m thanh trong cht lng cn

Phn ln thay i theo c im a cht ca y, c trng bi cc thng s xc nh loi cht lng ng trong y i dng. 1.3.3. S truyn bt thng

Tht thot do knh khng kn, do cc hin tng khc x, phn x. khc phc cn c hiu bit v mi trng hot ng Khng ng k vng nc su Ch vi cc vng d bit: d bit mn, d bit nhit

Tm li: Tng mt tht thot truyn: h (r,f) = g (r) . d (r,f) . A g(r) : cng suy hao tri hnh hc ca m thanh.

d (r,f) : s suy gim hp th ph thuc tn s A: s lan truyn bt thng ca m thanh 1.4. Nhiu mi trng: nhiu mu, nh hng ln min tn s thp, mi loi nhiu nh hng ti mi khong tn s xc nh Nt(f): s chuyn ng cun xoy ca nc, f < 10 (Hz) Ns(f): nhiu do tu thuyn, 10 (Hz) < f < 100 (Hz) Nw(f): nhiu gy ra bi gi to nn sng, vi w l tc gi w(m/s) 100 (Hz) < f < 100 (KHz) Nth(f): nhiu nhit , f > 100 (KHz) Tng mt cng sut nhiu: biu th hiu nng knh truyn N (f) = Nt (f) + Ns (f) + Nw (f) + Nth (f) 1.5. S gii hn bng thng l cng sut pht th cng sut nhn 10 log = 10 log - 10log A(l,f)

Nu gi

Trong : A l s suy hao truyn theo khong cch l v tn s f Gi tr SNR ti u thu vi mt ph cng sut nhiu N(f) 10log SNR(l,f) = 10 log log 10log A(l,f)

Gi tr nhiu suy gim: [

log

10log A(l,f) ]

Kt lun: Vi mi khong cch truyn l c mt tn s f ti u cho s suy gim m thanh. Chn bng thng xung quanh tn s ti u v chn cng sut truyn ph hp t c mc SNR yu cu.

1.6.

Hin tng truyn a ng

Knh di nc: thng tin t b pht n b thu theo nhiu ng do cc hin tng phn x ca knh, cc ng c tr thi gian khc nhau => nng lng thu b suy gim, tn hiu thu b chng ln. o Knh nc su: tn hiu tn x do gp vt th hoc s un cong tia do mi trng khng ng nht => c th hn ch hin tng a ng bng b pht nh hng. o Knh nc nng: phc tp hn do b gii hn bng c b mt nc bin v y, m thanh s b phn x khi gp c 2 b mt ny. C th s dng cc m hnh sau khc phc: m hnh l thuyt v tia, m hnh kiu chun tc, m hnh s m rng a ng, m hnh fast-field, m hnh phng trnh parabol.