Parameter: average height of uconn students/Statistics: 100 students/ Variable: height, eye color/ Quantitative: numerical info Discrete:

exact values Continuous: ex) distance from new york to Florida Salient Feature: must be able to perform arithmetic (height and weight) Qualitative: categorical Ex) eye color and sex Salient Feature: cant perform arithmetic ex(zip code) Class: category n=sample size N=population Class Frequency: number of experimental units Relative Class Frequency: rf=f/n or f/n 100 second option for % Pie Chart: Angle =(rf)(360) Statistical Summary: Mean, Median, Mode z-score: z= (x- mean) / s Outliers: values between inner and outer fences = suspect, values beyond outer fences = highly suspect IQR= Q3-Q1 5 # Summary: min, Q1, median, Q3, max Lower outer fence:Q1-3IQR=4Q1-3Q3 Lower inner fence: Q1-1.5IQR=2.5Q1-1.5Q3 Upper inner fence: Q3+1.5IQR=2.5Q3-1.5Q1 Upper outer fence:Q3+3IQR=4Q3-3Q1 Variance =S2 Shape: left skewed = Mean less than Median, symmetric = mean and median are the same, right skewed = Mean greater than Median Standard Deviation: X, X-Mean, X^2, sum of X^2 /n-1, Square root of answer Percentiles: one measure of the relative standing of a measurement Chebyshevs Theorem: if nothing is known about the shape K: 1- (1/k^2) 1: 1-(1/1^2)=0 no useful information 1.5: 1-(1/1.5^2)= .56 so at least 56% of data is contained 2: 1-(1/2^2)= .75 so at least 75% of data is contained 3: 1-(1/3^2)= .89 so at least 89% of the data is contained Empirical Rule: for bell shaped, symmetrical distributions: 68%, 95%, ALL

P(A U B)= P(A)+P(D) P(A B) P(A|B)= P(A B) / P(B) Mutually Exclusive: if the two events have no outcomes in common (disjoint) P(A B) =0 Independent Events: A and B are independent if any of the following is true: 1) P(A|B) =P(A) 2) P(B|A)=P(B) 3)P (A B)=P(A) P(B) EXAMPLE: P(C|B)= P(C B) / P(B)=1/4 P(C) = 5/10 doesnt equal = P(C|B) so therefore its dependent Conditional Probability: P(B|A)= P(A B)/ P(A) If the problem is not having replacement then use P(B1 B2) = P(B2 | B1) P(B1) Multiplicative Rule: P(A|B) = P(AB)/P(B) so P(AB)=P(A|B)P(B) similarly P(AB)=P(B|A)P(A) 1) Directly P (AB)

2) P(AB)=P(A|B)P(B) 3) P(AB)=P(B|A)P(A) REMEMBER to take numbers from charts and put them over the total to find the probability