Manufacturing processes UNIT I Casting Process: Principles of metal casting, types of pattern, pattern allowances, study of moulding processes

& materials, Sand moulding: tools & equipment, classification of moulds, core , terms related to sand moulding, types of moulding sand, description and operations of cupola, special casting processes example permanent mould casting, diecasting, centrifugal casting and investment casting, casting defects. UNIT II Smithy and forging: Forging operations, tools and appliances, types of forging: Smith, drop, press, machine forging and forging defects. UNIT III Metal joining: Welding principles, classification of welding processes: Oxyacetylene gas welding, Arc-welding (AC & DC), Electric resistance welding (spot and seam welding), types of electrodes, Brazing and soldering. UNIT IV Machining: Cutting tool materials, Lathe: types, specifications, various parts of lathe, its accessories, Lathe operations, cutting speeds and feeds.