L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

Hng dn s dng VBA trong Excel 1. Gii thiu Cc phn mm trong MS Office ni chung v Excel ni ring l cng c gip chng ta lu tr s liu, x l s liu trong qu trnh lm vic rt hiu qu, tit kim thi gian, cng sc. Ngoi cc hm n gin c trang b sn trong th vin ca Excel nh hm Sum(), Max(), Min(), Text(), Value(), Left(), Vlookup () Average() v.v. Ngi s dng c th lp trnh, to ra cc hm, th tc phc tp hn theo nhu cu s dng bng cch dng cng c VBA (Visual Basic for Application), dng ngn ng lp trnh VB, nhng vo cc ng dng ca Microsoft nh MS Word, PowerPoint, Auto CAD v.v. y chng ta vit cc hm, th tc cho Microsoft Excel. 2. Vo ra chng trnh, ci t s dng hm trong Excel a. Vo ra chng trnh Bc 1. Khi ng Microsoft Excel, to mt workbook mi (hoc dng Book1 nh mc nh). Chn Tools\Macro\Visual Basic Editor m ca s son tho VBA. Trong ca s Project Explorer (nu khng thy th chn View Project Explorer m n), chn VBAProject (Book1). Chn Insert Module thm mt module. Bc 2. G ni dung hm phepcong() vo module mi to. V d:
Public Function Phepcong(x as double, y as double) as double Phepcong = x + y End Function

Bc 3. Chuyn sang ca s Excel kim tra hm bng cch th g vo bt k, =Phepcong(x,y), kt qu tr v tng ng l x+y. V d: = Phepcong(2,3) kt qu tr v l 5. b. Ci t v s dng hm trong Excel Bc 1. M t hm thun tin cho vic s dng. Trong ca s Excel, chn menu Tools\Macro\Macros hin th hp thoi Macro. G tn hm Phepcong vo Macro name, ri bm Options m tip hp thoi Macro Options, g ni dung m t

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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

hm vo Description, bm OK ng hp thoi Macro Options, cui cng bm Cancel ng hp thoi Macro. Bc 2. Lu Book1 vo my vi tn file, v d [Link]; Bn lu file ny ng v tr mi ln MS Excel khi ng s mc nh a ham vo th vin chung, sn sng s dng. V d: Th mc C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Application Data\ Microsoft\AddIns i vi MS 2003. ng MS Excel m khng cn ghi li cc thay i trn Book1. Bc 3. Dng Windows Explorer thm m t cho Add-in bng cch bm chut phi trn tn tp tin [Link], chn mc Properties m hp thoi Properties, chn mc Summary g m t vo Comments, g tn ca Add-in vo Title. Chn nt OK chp nhn cc thng tin. Bc 4. Khi ng li MS Excel, ci t add-in va to cho Excel bng cch chn menu Tools\Add-Ins m hp thoi Add-Ins, chn tn Add-in ca ta trong danh sch Add-Ins available, ri bm chut vo nt OK. T y tr v sau, mi ln m MS Excel, mc nh bn c th dng c hm Phepcong trong Add-in [Link]. 3. Lu mt s khi nim a) Thuc tnh RANGE Thuc tnh Range tr v mt i tng, c th l mt cell n l hoc mt dy gm nhiu cell. Trong lnh gn gi tr ca cell A1 vo cell A5 i y, Range tr v gi tr ch gm 1 cell:
Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A5").Value = Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1").Value

Khi dng vi kiu khng xc nh, Range tr v mt dy cell trn Sheet ang hot ng. trnh nhm ln kiu "Ru ng n cm cm b kia", ta kch hot mt bng tnh bng phng php Activate trc khi dng thuc tnh Range m khng cn ch ra gii hn c th. Sau y l cch in vo vng A1:H8 cc s ngu nhin bng cch t cng thc cho mi trong dy m trc Sheet1 c kch hot:
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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

Worksheets("sheet1").Activate Range("A1:H8").Formula = "=rand()"

Chng ta c th t tn cho dy cell v ch cho VBA tham chiu n tn ny. V d, ra lnh xa ni dung ca mt dy c tn "Criteria" chng ta vit:
Worksheets(1).Range("criteria").ClearContents

Nu ta s dng mt i s (argument) m i s l a ch dy cell, th phi nh r a ch theo kiu A1 (nu dng kiu R1C1 my s bo li). b) Thuc tnh Cells Thuc tnh Cells s dng c php Cells(row,column), vi row l ch s hng v column l ch s ct, tr v mt cell n l. Chng hn, chng ta c th gn gi tr 24 cho cell A1 bng lnh:
Worksheets(1).Cells(1, 1).Value = 24

V gn mt cng thc cho cell A2:

[Link](2, 1).Formula = "=sum(b1:b5)"

Cho d chng ta c th dng cng thc Range("A1") tr v cell A1 (khng h sai!), nhng dng thuc tnh Cells th tin li hn bi bn c th s dng mt bin s i din cho hng hoc ct phc v yu cu lp trnh. Hy tham kho v d to tiu ct v hng trn Sheet1 sau y, lu sau khi bng tnh c kch hot, thuc tnh Cells c th c s dng thoi mi m khng cn khai bo mt sheet c th no v n tr v mt cell trn sheet hot ng.
Sub SetUpTable() Worksheets("sheet1").Activate For theYear = 1 To 5 Cells(1, theYear + 1).Value = 1990 + theYear Next theYear For theQuarter = 1 To 4 Cells(theQuarter + 1, 1).Value = "Q" & theQuarter Next theQuarter End Sub

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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

Mc d bn c th s dng nhng hm x l chui ca Visual Basic thay i tham chiu kiu A1, nhng d hiu hn v rn luyn k nng lp trnh ca mnh, bn nn s dng kiu Cells(1, 1). Nu bn s dng c php [Link](row,column), vi expression l mt biu thc tr v mt i tng Range, v row v column l v tr tng i so vi gc trn tri ca dy cell th kt qu tr v l mt b phn ca dy. Trong v d di y, VBA ch n Cell(1,1) tc l cell C5 trn bng tnh:
Worksheets(1).Range("c5:c10").Cells(1, 1).Formula = "=rand()

c) Kt hp Range and Cells Phi hp Range v Cells tham chiu n mt dy cell, bn hy s dng c php Range(cell 1, cell 2), vi cell 1 v cell 2 l cell bt u v cell kt thc ca dy. t kiu ng vin cho cc cell bn dng lnh sau:
With Worksheets(1) .Range(.Cells(1, 1), .Cells(10, 10)).[Link] = xlThick End With

y cn lu n du chm ng trc thuc tnh Cells. Du chm ny quy nh Worksheets(1) m With nu trc c p dng cho thuc tnh Cells tit kim ch v lm cho cu lnh gn hn (nu khng c du chm, thuc tnh Cells tr v cc cell trn sheet hot ng). 4. Mt s v d Sau y l mt s v d x l chui v s trong trng hc.
Option Explicit Dim k As Long Public luachon As Byte Public newValue As Double Public actCell As Range Public formu As String Public ass As String Public first As Boolean Function SoTCchuadat(Dayheso As Range, Daydiemthi As Range) As Integer ' Xac dinh Co tin chi Chua dat (co Diem <=0.5) Dim i As Integer

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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

SoTCchuadat = 0.5 For i = 1 To [Link] If ([Link](1, i) <= 0.5) Then SoTCchuadat = SoTCchuadat + [Link](i) End If Next i End Function Function SoTCTL(Dayheso As Range, Daydiemthi As Range, TrueORflase As Boolean) As Integer Dim i As Integer ' Neu TrueORflase=true thi tra ve so Tin chi tich luy ' Neu TrueORflase=flase thi tra ve so Tin chi diem 0 SoTCTL = 0.5 If TrueORflase Then For i = 1 To [Link] If ([Link](1, i) > 0.5) Then SoTCTL = SoTCTL + [Link](i) End If Next i Else For i = 1 To [Link] If ([Link](1, i) = 0.5) Then SoTCTL = SoTCTL + [Link](i) End If Next i End If End Function Public Function Loc(diem As String) As Byte Dim lan1 As Byte Dim lan2 As Byte Dim s As String If Not KiemtraDiem(diem) Then

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MsgBox " Diem khong hop le" Loc = 0 Exit Function End If For i = 1 To Len(diem) If Mid(diem, i, 1) <> " " Then s = s & Mid(diem, i, 1) Next i diem = s If KiemtraDiem(diem) Then If Len(diem) = 4 Then If Mid(diem, 1, 1) = "(" And Mid(diem, 3, 1) = ")" Then lan1 = Val(Mid(diem, 2, 1)) lan2 = Val(Mid(diem, 4, 1)) End If If Mid(diem, 2, 1) = "(" And Mid(diem, 4, 1) = ")" Then lan1 = Val(Mid(diem, 1, 1)) lan2 = Val(Mid(diem, 3, 1)) End If If lan1 > lan2 Then Loc = lan1 Else Loc = lan2 End If End If If Len(diem) = 1 Then Loc = Val(diem) If diem = "10" Then Loc = 10 If Len(diem) = 5 Then Loc = 10 End If End Function Public Function Tinh_TBC(Dayheso As Range, Daydiemthi As Range) As Double ' Tinh diem Trung binh chung (TBC) Dim Tongheso As Integer Dim tam As Double Dim i As Integer Dim Nomon As Boolean Dim tam2 As String tam = 0 Tongheso = 0 Nomon = False For i = 1 To [Link] If Loc([Link](i).Value) < 5 Or Loc([Link](i).Value) > 10 Then Nomon = True End If Tongheso = Tongheso + [Link](i).Value

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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

tam = tam + [Link](i).Value * Loc([Link](i).Value) Next i If Tongheso = 0 Then Tongheso = 1 Tinh_TBC = Round(tam / Tongheso, 2) tam2 = Mid(Str(Tinh_TBC), 1, 5) Tinh_TBC = Val(tam2) End Function Public Function Tinh_TBC_XLLop(Dayheso As Range, Daydiemthi As Range) As Double ' Tinh diem TBC va Xet len lop Dim Tongheso As Integer Dim tam As Double Dim i As Integer Dim Nomon As Boolean Dim tam2 As String tam = 0 Tongheso = 0 Nomon = False For i = 1 To [Link] Tongheso = Tongheso + [Link](i).Value tam = tam + [Link](i).Value * Loc([Link](i).Value) Next i If Tongheso = 0 Then Tongheso = 1 Tinh_TBC_XLLop = Round(tam / Tongheso, 2) tam2 = Mid(Str(Tinh_TBC_XLLop), 1, 5) Tinh_TBC_XLLop = Val(tam2) End Function

Public Function doidiemTC(Diemso As Double) As String ' Chuyen Thang diem 10 sang Thang diem 4 If If If If If If If Diemso <= 1.9 Then doidiemTC = "0" 2 <= Diemso And Diemso <= 3.9 Then doidiemTC = "0.5" 4 <= Diemso And Diemso <= 4.4 Then doidiemTC = "1" 4.5 <= Diemso And Diemso <= 5.4 Then doidiemTC = "1.5" 5.5 <= Diemso And Diemso <= 6.9 Then doidiemTC = "2" 7 <= Diemso And Diemso <= 8.4 Then doidiemTC = "3" 8.5 <= Diemso And Diemso <= 10 Then doidiemTC = "4"

End Function

Public Function doidiemChu(Diemso As Double) As String ' Doi diem so sang Diem chu

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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

If If If If If If If Diemso < 1.9 Then doidiemChu = "F" 2 <= Diemso And Diemso <= 3.9 Then doidiemChu = "F+" 4 <= Diemso And Diemso <= 4.4 Then doidiemChu = "D" 4.5 <= Diemso And Diemso <= 5.4 Then doidiemChu = "D+" 5.5 <= Diemso And Diemso <= 6.9 Then doidiemChu = "C" 7 <= Diemso And Diemso <= 8.4 Then doidiemChu = "B" 8.5 <= Diemso And Diemso <= 10 Then doidiemChu = "A"

End Function

Public Function ' Xep loai If TBC < 5 Then If 5 <= TBC And If 6 <= TBC And If 7 <= TBC And If 8 <= TBC And If 9 <= TBC And End Function

Xeploai(TBC As Double) As String Xeploai = "Khong Dat" TBC < 6 Then Xeploai = TBC < 7 Then Xeploai = TBC < 8 Then Xeploai = TBC < 9 Then Xeploai = TBC <= 10 Then Xeploai

"Trung binh" "Trung binh kha" " Kha" " Gioi" = " Xuat sac"

Public Function XeploaiTCDiem4(TBC As Double) As String If TBC < 2 Then TBC = "Khong Dat" If 2 <= TBC And TBC <= 2.49 Then XeploaiTCDiem4 = "Trung binh" If 2.5 <= TBC And TBC <= 3.19 Then XeploaiTCDiem4 = "Kha" If 3.2 <= TBC And TBC <= 3.59 Then XeploaiTCDiem4 = "Gioi" If 3.6 <= TBC And TBC <= 4 Then XeploaiTCDiem4 = "Xuat sac" End Function

Public Function Xetlenlop(Sonamdahoc As Byte, DayhesoNam As Range, DaydiemthiNam As Range, DayhesoKhoa As Range, DaydiemthiKhoa As Range) As String ' Xet len lop Dim TBC_Khoa As Double Dim TBC_Nam As Double Dim Tongso_DVHT_thieu As Byte TBC_Nam = Tinh_TBC_XLLop(DayhesoNam, DaydiemthiNam) TBC_Khoa = Tinh_TBC_XLLop(DayhesoKhoa, DaydiemthiKhoa) So_DVHT_thieu = 0 For i = 1 To [Link] If Loc([Link](i).Value) < 5 Or Loc([Link](i).Value) > 10 Then So_DVHT_thieu = So_DVHT_thieu + [Link](i).Value End If

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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

Next i Tongso_DVHT_thieu = So_DVHT_thieu If Tongso_DVHT_thieu <= 25 And TBC_Nam >= 5 Then Xetlenlop = "Ln lp" Else If ((Tongso_DVHT_thieu > 25) Or (TBC_Nam < 5)) And ((TBC_Nam < 3.5) Or (Sonamdahoc = 2 And TBC_Khoa < 4) Or (Sonamdahoc = 3 And TBC_Khoa < 4.5) Or (Sonamdahoc = 4 And TBC_Khoa < 4.8)) Then Xetlenlop = "Th"i hc" Else Xetlenlop = "Tm ngng hc" End If End If Xetlenlop = Xetlenlop & "; " & TBC_Nam & "; " & TBC_Khoa & "; " & Tongso_DVHT_thieu End Function Public Function TachKetqua(Ketqua As String) As String t = Ketqua If Len(Ketqua) < 10 Then TachKetqua = "'" Else For i = 1 To Len(Ketqua) If Mid(t, i, 1) = ";" Then TachKetqua = Mid(t, 1, i - 1) Exit For End If Next i End If End Function Public Function TachTBCKhoa(Ketqua As String) As String If Len(Ketqua) < 10 Then TachTBCKhoa = "" Else For i = 1 To Len(Ketqua) For j = i + 1 To Len(Ketqua) If Mid(Ketqua, i, 1) = ";" And Mid(Ketqua, j, 1) = ";" Then TachTBCKhoa = Mid(Ketqua, i + 1, j - i - 1) Exit For End If Next j Next i End If End Function

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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

Public Function TachTBCNam(Ketqua As String) As String If Len(Ketqua) < 10 Then TachTBCNam = "" Else For i = 1 To Len(Ketqua) If Mid(Ketqua, i, 1) = ";" Then Exit For Next i For j = i + 1 To Len(Ketqua) If Mid(Ketqua, j, 1) = ";" Then Exit For Next j TachTBCNam = Mid(Ketqua, i + 1, j - i - 1) End If End Function Public Function TachSoDVHTthieu(Ketqua As String) As String If Len(Ketqua) < 10 Then TachSoDVHTthieu = "" Else For i = 1 To Len(Ketqua) If Mid(Ketqua, i, 1) = ";" Then j = i Next i TachSoDVHTthieu = Mid(Ketqua, j + 1, Len(Ketqua) - j + 1) End If End Function Public Function KiemtraDiem(diem As String) As Boolean Dim s As String For i = 1 To Len(diem) If Mid(diem, i, 1) <> " " Then s = s & Mid(diem, i, 1) Next i diem = s KiemtraDiem = False For i = 0 To 10 If diem = i Then KiemtraDiem = True Exit Function End If Next i For i = 0 To 10 For j = 0 To 10 If diem = "(" & i & ")" & j Then KiemtraDiem = True Exit Function End If Next j

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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

Next i For i = 0 To 10 For j = 0 To 10 If diem = i & "(" & j & ")" Then KiemtraDiem = True Exit Function End If Next j Next i End Function Public Function Tach_Ten(Hoten As String) As String On Error Resume Next Dim dai As Byte Dim tam As String Hoten = Trim(Hoten) dai = Len(Hoten) i = dai Do If Mid(Hoten, i, 1) = " " Then Exit Do i = i - 1 Loop Until i = 1 Tach_Ten = Trim(Mid(Hoten, i, dai - i + 1)) End Function Public Function Tach_Ho(Hoten As String) As String On Error Resume Next Dim dai As Byte Dim tam As String Hoten = Trim(Hoten) dai = Len(Hoten) i = dai Do If Mid(Hoten, i, 1) = " " Then Exit Do i = i - 1 Loop Until i = 1 Tach_Ho = Trim(Mid(Hoten, 1, i - 1)) End Function Public Function Xet_TC_DuThi(Daydiemthi As Range) As String Dim Nomon As Boolean Xet_TC_DuThi = "Ko no mon" Nomon = False For i = 1 To [Link] If Loc([Link](i).Value) < 5 Or Loc([Link](i).Value) > 10 Then Nomon = True

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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

End If Next i If Nomon Then Xet_TC_DuThi = " * No mon *" End Function Public Function Tach_Ngay(Ngay As String) As String On Error Resume Next Dim dai As Byte Dim tam As String Ngay = Trim(Ngay) dai = Len(Ngay) i = 1 Do If Mid(Ngay, i, 1) = "/" Then Exit Do i = i + 1 Loop Until i = dai Tach_Ngay = Trim(Mid(Ngay, 1, i + 1)) End Function Public Function Tinh_TBC_Xet_HocBong(Dayheso As Range, Daydiemthi As Range, diemRenLuyen As Double) As Double Dim Tongheso As Integer Dim tam As Double Dim tamRL As Double Dim i As Integer Dim Nomon As Boolean Dim tam2 As String tamRL = diemRenLuyen tam = 0 Tongheso = 0 Nomon = False For i = 1 To [Link] If Loc_DiemLan1([Link](i).Value) < 5 Or Loc_DiemLan1([Link](i).Value) > 10 Then Nomon = True End If Tongheso = Tongheso + [Link](i).Value tam = tam + [Link](i).Value * Loc_DiemLan1([Link](i).Value) Next i 'If Nomon Then MsgBox "C sinh vin: n hc phn hoc im kh"ng hp l", vbCritical If Tongheso = 0 Then Tongheso = 1 Tinh_TBC_Xet_HocBong = Round(tam / Tongheso, 2) tam2 = Mid(Str(Tinh_TBC_Xet_HocBong), 1, 5) Tinh_TBC_Xet_HocBong = Val(tam2) + tamRL End Function

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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

Public Function Loc_DiemLan1(diem As String) As Byte Dim lan1 As Byte Dim lan2 As Byte Dim s As String If Not KiemtraDiem(diem) Then 'MsgBox " Diem khong hop le" Loc_DiemLan1 = 0 Exit Function End If For i = 1 To Len(diem) If Mid(diem, i, 1) <> " " Then s = s & Mid(diem, i, 1) Next i diem = s If KiemtraDiem(diem) Then If Len(diem) = 4 Then If Mid(diem, 1, 1) = "(" And Mid(diem, 3, 1) = ")" Then lan1 = Val(Mid(diem, 2, 1)) lan2 = Val(Mid(diem, 4, 1)) End If If Mid(diem, 2, 1) = "(" And Mid(diem, 4, 1) = ")" Then lan1 = Val(Mid(diem, 1, 1)) lan2 = Val(Mid(diem, 3, 1)) End If Loc_DiemLan1 = lan1 End If If Len(diem) = 1 Then Loc_DiemLan1 = Val(diem) If diem = "10" Then Loc_DiemLan1 = 10 If Len(diem) = 5 Then Loc_DiemLan1 = 10 End If End Function

Function MySumx(X As Range) As Double Dim YY, z, zz As String z = 0 Dim xzz For Each YY In X zz = YY z = z + abc(zz) Next YY MySumx = z End Function Function abc(a As String) As String Dim b, c b = Pos(a, ")") + 1 c = Mid(a, b, Len(a))

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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

abc = c End Function Private Dim a = b = For Function Pos(st As String, substr As String) As Long a, b, c Len(substr) 0 c = 1 To Len(st) - a + 1 If Mid(st, c, a) = substr Then b = c End If Next c Pos = b End Function Function MySum(Heso As Range, diem As Range, Optional GiaTriThayThe As Double = 0) As Double Dim Y As Range, z, zz z = 0 zz = 0 Dim xzz As String, zxx As Double For Each Y In diem zz = zz + 1 xzz = abc([Link]) zxx = Val(xzz) If (zxx = 0) And (xzz <> "0") Then zxx = GiaTriThayThe End If z = z + zxx * Heso(, zz) Next Y MySum = z End Function Function MyAverage(Heso As Range, Giatri As Range, Optional BoQua As Boolean = False) As Double Dim Y, z, zz, zzz, zxx, xzz z = 0 zz = 0 zzz = 0 For Each Y In Heso zz = zz + 1 xzz = abc(Giatri(, zz)) zxx = Val(xzz) If Not (BoQua And (zxx = 0) And (xzz <> "0")) Then zzz = zzz + Y z = z + zxx * Y End If Next Y

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L Th Vinh, Phng o to, Trng HSP K thut Vinh

MyAverage = z / zzz End Function Function SoTC0(Dayheso As Range, Daydiemthi As Range) As Integer 'Xac dinh Tong so Tin chi cua cac hoc phan co Diem =0. Dim i As Integer SoTC0 = 0 For i = 1 To [Link] If ([Link](1, i) = 0) Then SoTC0 = SoTC0 + [Link](i) End If Next i End Function Function TBCTL4(Dayheso As Range, Daydiemthi As Range) As Double 'Ham tinh diem TBCTL thang 4, doi voi cac hoc phan co Diem>=1.0 Dim i As Integer Dim soTC, tsoTC As Integer TBCTL4 = 0# tsoTC = 0 soTC = 0 For i = 1 To [Link] If ([Link](1, i) >= 1#) Then soTC = [Link](1, i) TBCTL4 = TBCTL4 + [Link](1, i) * soTC tsoTC = tsoTC + soTC End If Next i TBCTL4 = TBCTL4 / tsoTC End Function

Chc cc bn thnh cng!

Ti liu tham kho: Bn hng dn ny c s dng mt s ti liu t Internet.

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