ETHICS session I

Dr. desai

introduction

Ethics is a set of standards, or a code, or value system, worked out from human reasons & experience, by which free human actions are determined as ultimately right or wrong, good or evil. If an action agrees with these standards, it is ethical; if not , it is unethical.

Ethical Standards

Ethical standards arise or are set, in the attempt to reach an ultimate goal. There are certain needs which all men experience, & certain goals all men strive for. We call the fulfilling of these goals & needs as happiness & pursuit of happiness.

Ethical standards.contd.

As the goal changes in life or is redefined by human experience, ethical standards must change or be redefined. Historically this is what happened. The equality of men & right to freedom are relatively new human goals. The general goals have changed the ethical standards determining the right & wrong actions.

Ethical Standards thru History

The following are a few ethical standards, drawn from both philosophy & religions, used by man thru the ages: Treat all men with fairness & justice. Do to others as you would have them do to you. Always treat individuals as ends, with respect & dignity.

Ethical standards contd

Love your neighbor as you love yourself. Always ask: Will it hurt anyone? Know thyself- be always honest with yourself & with others. Evaluate the morality of an action by examining into the intention behind it & into the cause- effect chain reactions.

Ethical standards.contd

Long-range utility standard: so act that your act will produce over the long range, maximum personal happiness in terms of its ultimate consequences. [enlightened self-interest] The General law standard. [So act that your act could be made a general law for all people that would successfully regulate the relations of men with each other towards the greatest good of the greater number.]

Ethical standards..contd

The less evil standard. [So act, in circumstances where action is unavoidable & all available actions appear unethical, that your act, judged by its consequences & the above the standards, is the lesser evil.

How to Humanize Management?

Answer: Our Ancient Scriptures. The scriptures propound that everyone of us has been endowed with an infinite wealth of faculties & talents, which will make it possible for each of us to achieve our highest goals in life, translate our burning aspirations into reality, & enable us to conquer the world, as it were. The scriptures can help us to restore our nature, our heart, & our mind.

A managerial approach based on our Ancient Scriptures.

1] TATVAMASHI-SELF CONFIDENCEindividual 2]ATMANO-MOKSHARTHAM JAGAT BITAYACH-mission 3]GYAN,BHAKTI,YOGA,KARMA-allocation of duties 4]YAGYA PARAPARAM BBAVAYANTAteam spirit

Ancient approachescontd.

5] YOGA KARMASHU KAUSHALAMAexcellence 6] MOKSHA-empowerment