Filter Design Techniques

Discrete-time filters filters Discrete-time

Discrete-time IIR filter

Specifications for DT filters

Specifications for DT filters in Log domain

A Design Example

Discrete-time IIR filter

Discrete-time IIR filter design is done using analog filter techniques: 1. Analog IIR filter design methods have simple closed form solutions; 2. Design examples have existed for years. 3. Direct design of IIR filters has traditionally been avoided 4. Direct design of FIR filters is possible.

Discrete-time IIR filter Design Flow

Discrete-time IIR filter Design

1. Poles on the j axis in the s-plane correspond to poles on the unit circle in the z-plane. 2. Poles in the left half of the s-plane correspond to poles inside the unit circle in the z-plane. Hence stable and causal continuous-time filters will produce stable and causal discrete-time filters.

Traditional Analog Filter Design

Traditional Analog Filter Design

Butterworth Design

Butterworth Design

Chebyshev filters

Chebyshev filters

Chebyshev filters

Chebyshev filters

Elliptic filters

Example

Filter Design Techniques

Impulse Invariance Bilinear Transformation

 The design technique is as follows: (1) Perform a partial fractions expansion on H(s). (2) Transform each pole into its -transform equivalent. (3) Combine the terms into a single polynomial.

Impulse Invariance

Butterworth Design

To get a stable and causal filter, choose Hc(s) to implement the poles in the left-hand plane.

Butterworth Filter

Butterworth Filter-Impulse Invariance

Butterworth Filter-Impulse Invariance

Example: Impulse Invariance

Take T = 1, value of T will not change the discrete-time filter results.)