Addis Ababa Science And Technology Universisty

College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

Digital Signal Processing

Filter Design

Lecturer: Bayable T.

25 February 2021
FIR and IIR FILTER DESIGN

Outline:
 Filters Overview

 Digital FIR filters design

 Digital IIR filters design

Filters Overview-Types of Filters:

• Low pass filter passes the low frequencies and

stops the high frequencies

• High pass filter does the reverse of the low pass

• Band pass filter passes frequencies within a

certain band and blocks frequencies outside the
band.

• Band stop/reject/ does the reverse of the band

pass filter
Filters Overview-Types
of Filters:
Filters Overview-Types
of Filters:
 FIR filters

 Their impulse response has finite length sequence

 IIR filters

Their impulse response has Infinite length

sequence

 Linear phase filters

 Nonlinear phase filters

 Recursive filters & Nonrecursive filters

FIR – filter design
Introduction:
 Digital FIR filters exhibit
linear phase,

High order filter,

Stable

 Design methods
Impulse response truncation

Windowing technique
Low Pass Filter Design
 Consider the ideal low-pass filter frequency response, as illustrated
below.

 Normalised angular cut off frequency

 Usually the subscript D is used to distinguish between the ideal and

actual, impulse and frequency responses of a filter.
Ideal Filter
Specification
Ideal low pass filter –
time domain
 Inverse DTFT of the frequency response
FIR – filter design
Filter specification Requirements:
FIR – filter design
Filter specification Requirements:
 δs is the tolerance of the magnitude response in the stop-band and the desired magnitude

response is always close to zero.

 The quantity As is known as the stop-band attenuation and is sometimes expressed in

terms of dBs

 The parameter δs is the tolerance of the magnitude response in the pass-band and the

desired magnitude response is close to unity.

 The quantity Ap is called the pass-band ripple and can also be expressed in terms of dBs
Linear Phase Filters?
• Type I
• Type II
• Type III
• Type IV
Linear Phase Filters
Linear Phase Filters
• Group Delay
Linear Phase Filters
Linear Phase Filters
Linear Phase Filters
Linear Phase Filters
Linear Phase Filters
Linear Phase Filters
FIR filter design – Low Pass
filter design
Windowing Method:
 Specify the ideal or desired frequency response of the filter .

 Obtain the impulse response by evaluating the inverse Fourier transform.

 Select an appropriate window function w[n], that satisfies pass-band and

attenuation specifications, and determine the number of coefficients required
from the relationship between N and .

 Determine the values of the window function and calculate the actual FIR filter

coefficients by multiplying the impulse response with the window function.

Windowing Method
Windowing Method
Windowing Method
Windowing Method
Windowing Method
Gibbs Phenomenon
Window Shapes for FIR filters
Window Shapes for FIR filters
Window Shapes for FIR filters
Window Shapes for FIR filters
IIR Filter Design
IIR Filter Design - Specifications
IIR Filter Design Specifications
Design of IIR Filters
Design of IIR Filters
 In short,
Design of IIR Filters analog & digital spec
 Design of IIR Filters
(relationship between digital spec and analog spec
conversion)
Design CT IIR Filter – Laplace
 Design CT IIR Filter
Analog Butterworth filter
Design CT IIR Filter
 Prototypes,
Design CT IIR Filter
CT Butterworth Filters – Butterworth
CT Butterworth Filters Butterworth
CT Butterworth Filters – Bilinear
Transformation
CT Butterworth Filters – Bilinear
Transformatiom
CT Butterworth Filters
a. Frequency transformations of lp filter
CT Butterworth Filters
Steps Summarized
IIR filter desion - Summary
IIR filter desion - Summary
IIR filter desion – FIR vs IIR