4

,
zbanjac@vets.edu.yu

Bus,,...
. ,
()
:

, ,
.

3/13/2009

: / s
.


.

2

Maa (bus)

( ) .
:

3/13/2009

CPU RAM
I/O CPU
()

frontside bus, memory bus, local bus, host bus.

CPU, RAM .
L2-cache.
.

CPU.

.

.
M ()
, .
133,
166 200MHz (
).

3/13/2009

I/O

I/O CPU
( RAM). I/O

CPU
RAM.
() I/O
.

I/O .

I/O

3/13/2009

ISA , , ,
.
PCI , , .
AGP , .
PCI xpres ,
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
5

I/O
()
.
ISA, PCI, AGP PCI
Express.
.
:
, , ,
.
AGP
PCI express, PCI ISA .

. PCI Express , AGP
PCI , ISA .
,
, ISA
.
3/13/2009

ISA /

ISA (Industry Standard Arhitecture Bus)

PC .
,
.
16-
8MHz.
8.33MB/s
,
SCSI .

3/13/2009

50 -100
.
,
. IBM PC 8
. 54
8 .
PC
62- .
ISA
8088,

DMA .
ISA
.

3/13/2009

ISA
16- 32-
80386 80486.

ISA .
ISA
,

8 MHz.
ISA

.

3/13/2009

ISA
.

.

ISA
I II
.

3/13/2009

10

ISA

,
,...

()

CPU

IRQ (DMA
) a

3/13/2009

11

PCI

(Windows, OS/2)

.
PC IO
.


(Graphical User Interface)
, SCSI LAN.

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) ,

.

3/13/2009

12

PCI
.



.
(,
, 3D , HDTV), IO

, 32-
64-
33 MHz
66 MHz,
528MB/s.

3/13/2009

13

PCI 32- 64-,

.

,
/.
32- PCI 124-
, , 64- PCI
, 188- .
PCI
.
2 6.

3/13/2009

14

PCI
+5 V 3.3 V.

+5 V 3.3 V.

PCI
, 3 :

3/13/2009

5 V,

3.3 V

.
15

PCI
,
32 64
.

3/13/2009

16

GP

AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)

.

, 3D
.
AGP 32-
66MHz.
AGP 256MB/s AGP 1x
. AGP 2x, 4x, 8x 2, 4, 8

133MHz, 266MHz 533MHz.

3/13/2009

Standard

Takt

Protok

AGP 1X

66MHz

256MB/s

AGP 2X

133MHz

512MB/s

AGP 4X

266MHz

1024MB/s

AGP 8X

533MHz

2048MB/s
17

PCI Express e

PCI Express

.

.
, ,
.
Lane
PCI Express
,
o (. x8
8 ).

250MB/s. ,

3/13/2009

18

 PCI PCI Express

PCI Express x4
PCI Express x16
PCI Express x1
PCI Express x16
PCI
3/13/2009

19

, PCI
Express
1, 2, 4, 8, 16
32 .

PCI Express

.

3/13/2009

Standard

Brzina

PC Express x1

250MB/s

PC Express x2

500MB/s

PC Express x4

1000MB/s

PC Express x8

2000MB/s

PC Express x16

4000MB/s

PC Express x32

8000MB/s

20

PCI Express

.
PCI Express x4
PCI Express
( PCI Express x4 PCI
Express x8, x16 x32 ).

3/13/2009

21

 ()

, ,
, , ,
PC .
:

3/13/2009

,
,
USB,
FireWire,
IrDA ( ),
PS/2.
...

22

PC .

.

,
.
,
.
PC ,
LPT1, LPT2 LPT3.

3/13/2009

23

8
8-.
,
,
18.
25-
.

4m 100KB/s o 200 KB/s.
,
, ,
.

3/13/2009

24

.
,
.


,
.
, ,
.
RS-232
.
, ,
.

3/13/2009

25

, RS-232 6
.
9 9-
.

,
(B/s), (b/s
bps)
RS-232
115.2 Kb/s,
10m.


.

3/13/2009

26

USB

USB (Universal Serial Bus

)
(1996) PC .


12Mb/s.
USB
,

.
USB 4
,
5V/500mA
.

3/13/2009

27

USB

PC 2 6
USB ,
USB (USB HUB).
USB USB
PC ,
USB ( 4 8).
USB 127
USB .
,
PC .
5m.

3/13/2009

28

USB

USB
PC . ,
, , , ,
, , .

USB

, USB 2.0,
,
40 , 480Mbit/s.
HOST

a USB 3.0 4.8Gb/s

3/13/2009

29

USB

3/13/2009

30

FireWire (IEEE 1394 )

IEEE 1394 ( )
1995. .
FireWire Apple.
I.Link je Sony
,
100, 200 400Mb/s.
, IEEE 1394b ,
800Mb/s (3.2Gb/s beta mod)

, .

FireWire 63, 4.5m,
2 4 .

3/13/2009

31

4-pin FireWire

3/13/2009

32

6-pin FireWire

Fire Wire 800 9

3/13/2009

33

IEEE 1394 : USB

, .

(USB 0.5A,
FireWire 1.5A)
Hot swapping

3/13/2009

FireWire:
HOST.
USB:
HOST

FireWire:63
USB: 127
FireWire:

FireWire:

USB:

34

PS/2

PS/2 .
.
6- .
PS/2 ,
.

, PS/2
.
,
PS/2

3/13/2009

35

IrDA -

(850-950nm)

1993.

IrDA (Infrared Data Association)

,
.
,

,
.

3/13/2009

36

IrDA -

3/13/2009

,
,
.
,
,
.


USB .

37

IrDA -

9.64-152.2kb/s (Serial Infrared, SIR)

1.152b/s (Medium Infrared, MIR)
4Mb/s (Fast Infrared, FIR)
16b/s (Very Fast Infrared, VFIR)

( 1m).

.
15
:

.
3/13/2009

38

IrDA -

3/13/2009

39