Lesson Guide 5

P. Lombardo

1. Topics for today (1) Review basic info about inverse functions. (2) Dene arcsin(x), arccos(x), and arctan(x).

(3) Solving equations with inverse trig-funcitons: algebraic way & drawing a right triangle. (4) Dierentiation and basic integration with inverse trigonometric functions.

2. An Example: arcsin(x) Lets rst approach this graphically, keeping in mind that a function f (x) and its inverse f 1 (x) (if it exists...) will be reections of one another through the y = x line. sin(x) reected in y = x
y

arcsin(x)
y

sin(x)
y

2
| | 2 | 2 x x

1
| | x

2
|

Go over domain and range of arcsin(x) and sin(x). Note: arcsin( ) takes values and outputs angles, whereas sin( ) takes angles and outputs values.
Since we dene arcsin(x) as the inverse of sin(x) restricted to 2 , 2 , we have

arcsin(x) = y

x = sin(y ).

Homework, summary of properties of these functions.

1

Moreover,

1 sin(y ) = x arcsin(x) = y
x sin(y ) = 1

x y 1 x2

Hence, basic equations involving an inverse trigonometric function can be graphically represented using a right triangle. Examples with numbers, and examples with functions. Examples without using a right triangle.

3. Differentiating Inverse Trigonometric Functions The same technique we applied to show

d x dx [e ]

= ex will work in the inverse trig. situation:

Lemma 3.1. For x-values in the domain of arcsin(x), we have 1 d [arcsin(x)] = . dx 1 x2 Examples with chain rule, etc. Explain the table summary of inverse trigonometric derivatives and associated integrals. Do two basic integration examples involving u-substitutions.

Technically, when we draw this picture we assume that x > 0.