Entrepreneurial Education and Training.

Introduction :
In a world where development and promotion happen more rarely, Everyone still needs training. The role of training is to develop the critical awareness of the staff. Certain individuals may need training for a specific purpose, the development of new services, taking a new role in the organization and so on. The traditional school of thought had been thinking that Entrepreneurs are born and not made. The modern observation has been that some entrepreneurs may be born but a large number of them can be educated, trained and made. The training centres to develop entrepreneurs have been felt necessary even when some of the old people had been thinking that once you are thrown into water you can learn swimming. Learning by trial and error method is ruled out. But the fact exists that the method of gathering experience this way is time consuming, risky and costly. It is necessary to encourage more people to take up this field, to help them to equip themselves with training. IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING : 1. It minimizes the excessive scraps, defective outputs and wastage in the production process. 2. It increases the potential abilities and thus improves performance to the maximum attainable level. 3. It improves overall efficiency. 4. New techniques could be easily accepted through training. 5. Standardisation can be adopted in a factory where trained employees are available. 6. Team spirit and teamwork can be promoted when employees are fully trained. 7. Training enables employees to occupy higher position of authority. 8. Training enables the workers to work speedily and increases the earnings of the employees. 9. Training reduces fatigue 10. It minimizes accidents in the industrial sector.

 OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING 1. To impart knowledge of the marketing of goods. 2. To broaden the vision of entrepreneurs by providing them suitable opportunities for an interchange of experience within and outside an industry. 3. To expose the entrepreneur to the latest development which directly or indirectly affect them. 4. To build necessary skills of new entrepreneurs and workers. 5. To impart customer education. 6. To impart basic knowledge about the industry product and production methods. METHODS OF TRAINING 1. LECTURE METHOD Under this method the instructor communicates in theory and practice to be followed by the learners. The doubts under this method are clarified on the spot. 2. DEMONSTRATION METHOD This method is used where the performance of the work to be shown practically is for the better understanding. The demonstration method is more concerned with the practical rather than the theoretical aspect. 3. INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTION Under this method a single individual is selected for training. This method of training is undertaken where a complicated skill is to be taught to an individual. 4. GROUP INSTRUCTION This method is suitable for the group of individuals with similar type of work and where general instructions are applicable to all are to be given.

5. MEETINGS It is methods in which group of people who come together and discuss the various problems confronting them. They exchange ideas and views and later on come to a final decision. 6. CONFERENCE When new ideas and techniques to increase production are to be introduced, this method of training is used.

Entrepreneurial Development Programme (EDP)

Entrepreneurial development program may be defined as a programme designed to help an individual in strengthening his entrepreneurial motive and in acquiring skills and capabilities necessary for playing his entrepreneurial role effectively. It is necessary to promote this understanding of motives and their impact on entrepreneurial values and behaviour for this purpose.

OBJECTIVES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME: 1. To analyse environment relating to small industry and small business. 2. To select project/ product. 3. To formulate project. 4. To understand the process and procedure of setting up of small enterprise. 5. To know the support needed for launching enterprise. 6. To acquire basic management skills. 7. To know the pros and cons of being an entrepreneur.

8. To look into faster industrial development. 9. Create employment opportunities by increasing medium and small scale industries. 10. Focus on entrepreneurship 11. Industrialisation of rural and village sector. 12.Creating self-employment opportunities of educated unemployed youth. NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT TRAINING PROGRAMME : The entrepreneur splays an important role in the economic development of any country. If the industrial progress of a developing country is slow, it indicates that the level of entrepreneurship is low in that country. Entrepreneurs make use of the factors of production to the fullest advantage of the society, generate employment, create innovation, improve standard of living, develop backward areas, etc. All these lead to higher economic growth and in turn in higher economic development. The state of being jobless is a big problem that affects both developed as well as developing countries. The entrepreneurship development programmes has an important role to play in solving the unemployment problem. The problem of unemployment and and underdevelopment is different in developing and developed nations. In a developed nation the unemployment is viewed more as social problems than an economic one. Unemployment is demoralizing. It is a major source of waste in our present economic system. The most alarming form of unemployment today is educated unemployment. India is facing a chronic unemployment problem. This is type of unemployment consists of those job seekers on whom the society has invested its most scarce resources. The unemployment among the educated is higher than among the uneducated. With the increase in the level of education the rate of unemployment also increases. Due to this frustration and discontent increases, the rate of crime also increases, especially in youth as they are ready to do anything for small return. Efforts of the state and the central government job, people should make an effort to get themselves by starting their own business.

Under these circumstances EDP assumes much importance.

Shortcomings Of EDP :

1. Majority of the institutions engaged in EDP are themselves not convinced of what they are doing as a task delegated to them by the government. 2. Those involved and concerned with the selection and follow-up activities have either limited manpower support or a narrow linkage with other support agencies. 3. Non availability of various inputs i.e. raw material, power, etc. and infrastructural support with poor follow-up also leads in the failure of EDP. 4. There does not appear to be standard course curricula even in terms of broad module being adopted by such institution. 5. There seems to be low institutional commitment for local support to entrepreneurs besides low involvement of marketing, voluntary and financial institutions in the programme. 6. There appears to be an inherent inability to identify the needs of the institution and the difference of opinion prevailing amongst the practitioners and trainers. 7. Training institutions do not show much concern for objective identification and selection of entrepreneur and follow-up training. 8. The training provided under the EDP is not sufficient. 9. Information regarding market competition, etc. is not available sufficiently in EDP. 10.The literature provided in the entrepreneurial development programme is out-dated and insufficient. Types of Programmes for Educating and Training Entrepreneurs: The various programmes available for educating and training entrepreneurs are classified as under: 1. SHORT TERM TRAINING COURSES Such courses are provided by Bombay Management Association, Productivity Councils, Indian Merchant Chambers, Bankers

Training College, LIC, etc. Such courses vary from two to three weeks duration. 2. FORMAT COURSES These courses are in the form of entrepreneurial management or similar title offered by universities at the post graduate level. The University of Mumbai offers this subject at the Master degree programme in administrative management. Other universities that offer such papers/subjects are Karnataka, Andhra, Madras, Punjab, Lucknow, Shivaji, Marathwada, South Gujarat, etc. Pg no. 296, 297, 298, 300, 301, 302. ( Vipul Prakashan)