control system

control system, means by which a variable quantity or set of variable quantities is made to conform to a prescribed norm. It either holds the values of the controlled quantities constant or causes them to vary in a prescribed way. A control system may be operated by electricity, by mechanical means, by fluid pressure (liquid or gas), or by a combination of means. When a computer is involved in the control circuit, it is usually more convenient to operate all of the control systems electrically, although intermixtures are fairly common.

History of control system

1) B.C.200 Float regulator mechanism (Greece) 2) B.C.50 Water clock (Middle east)

3) 1600

First feedback system (temperature regulator, Cornelis Drebble, Holland)

4) Sir Isaac Newton (1642 1727) Mathematical modeling 5) Brook Taylor (1685 1731) Taylor series 6) 1700 Pressure regulator for steam boiler (Dennis Papin) Pressure build up (temp. goes up) open the damper for release of hot air. Temp. sensor is used to measure the pressure of hot air. 7) Pierse Simon Laplace (1749 1827) Laplace Transform

8) 1769 First automatic controller (Flyball governer, James Watt)

9) 1765 First level regulator system (I. Polzunov, Soviet Union)

10) Edward John Routh (1831 1907) Routh criterion 11) Oliver Heaviside (1859 1925) mathematical analysis 12) 1868 Mathematical theory for control system (J.C. Maxwell) 13) 1890 - Stability theory (Liapunov, Soviet Union) 14) 1930 - Electronic feedback amplifier (Nyquist, Bode, Black ; Bell Telephone Lab) Harry Nyquist (1889 1976) Nyquist criterion

 Harold Black (1898 1981) Negative feedback amp Hendrik Bode (1905 1982) Bode diagram 15) WWII period Automatic airplane pilot Gun-positioning system, radar Antenna control system Military systems

16) Post War Frequency domain analysis Laplace transform method 17) John Von Neumann (1903 1957) Basic operation of digital computer 18) 1950 Root locus method Computer age open (digital control) Space age (Sputnik, Soviet Union) Maximum principle (Pontryagin) Optimal control Adaptive control system (Draper) 19) 1960 Dynamic programming (Bellman) State space method 20) 1970 Microprocessor based control system Digital control system 21) 1980 Neural network AI Fuzzy control Predictive control Doyle & stein : LQG / LTR Remote diagnostic control system