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Computers For Bank Exams Guide4BankExams
Computers For Bank Exams Guide4BankExams
Then
&
Now
Computer Evolution
Computer Evolution
Early 1800s Jacquard uses punch cards to control the pattern of the weaving loom. 1832 Charles Babbage invents the Difference Engine
1890 Herman Hollerith invents a machine using punch card to tabulate info for the Census. He starts the company that would later be IBM.
Evolution (continued)
1946 Mauchly and Eckert created the ENIAC computer, first electronic computer is unveiled at University of Pennsylvania (shown on next slide)
ENIAC Computer
Miles of wiring 18,000 vacuum tubes Thousands of resistors and switches No monitor 3,000 blinking lights Cost $486,000 100,000 additions per second Weighed 30 tons Filled a 30x50 foot room Lights of Philadelphia would dim when it booted For more materials of Bank Exams visit us at up www.Guide4BankExams.blogspot.in/
1943
Base codes develop by Grace Hopper while working on the Mark I programming project. She invented the phrase bug an error in a program that causes a program to malfunction.
1950s
Vacuum Tubes were the components for the electronic circuitry Punch Cards main source of input Speeds in milliseconds (thousands/sec) 100,000 additions/sec. Used for scientific calculations New computers were the rule, cost effectiveness wasnt
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1960s
Transistors were electronic circuitry (smaller, faster, more reliable than vacuum tubes) Speeds in microseconds (millionth/sec) 200,000 additions/sec. Computers In Businesses: Emphasis on marketing of computers to businesses Data files stored on magnetic tape Computer Scientists controlled operations
Integrated circuit boards New input methods such as plotters, scanners Software became more important Sophisticated operating systems Improved programming languages Storage capabilities expanded (disks)
Improved circuitry several thousand transistors placed on a tiny silicon chip. Pentium chip named by Intel Modems communication along telephone wires Portable computers: laptops Increased storage capabilities: gigabytes Emphasis on information needed by the decision maker.
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INPUT
PROCESSING
OUTPUT
INPUT
PROCESSING
HARDWARE
PROCESSING
Central Processing Unit: CPU The Brains or Intelligence of the computer. Controls input and output The part of the computer that interprets and executes instructions.
Silicon chip: integrated circuit board Pentium: name give to a particular chip
0 and 1 They are each called a BIT 8 BITS make a BYTE 1 BYTE makes a letter or number KILOBYTE = 1,024 bytes MEGABYTE = 1,048,576 bytes GIGABYTE = 1,024 megabytes TERABYTE = 1,024 gigabytes
MEMORY
PROCESSING HARDWARE
ROM
RAM
MEMORY
Small Instructions are installed permanently at the factory Cannot be changed These instructions check the computers resources and looks for Operating System
Main Memory Temporary Temporary it is erased when turned off. It is where programs and data is stored while being processed
Useful information that leaves the system Output Hardware includes: Monitor: soft copy Printers: hard copy Flat Panel displays Voice and music - speakers Synthesizers Plotters
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Network Drive (H: drive) Hard Disk Drive (C:drive) Floppy Disk Drive with 3 Floppy Disk (A:drive) Smart card CD Read/Write Drive Zip Drive Digital Audio Tape
Computer Hardware
Hardware
Includes the electronic and mechanical devices that process the data; refers to the computer as well as peripheral devices
System Unit
Case that holds the power supply, storage devices and the circuit boards (including the motherboard).
Where the processing in a computer takes place, often called the brain of the computer.
Circuits
The path from one component of a computer to another that data uses to travel. Circuits run between
Silicon Chip
Silicon is melted sand. What the circuits are embedded into to keep them together.
Peripheral Devices
Devices connected by cable to the CPU. Used to expand the computers input, output and storage capabilities.
Input Devices
Units that gather information and transform that information into a series of electronic signals for the computer.
Keyboard
An arrangement of letters, numbers, and special function keys that act as the primary input device to the computer.
Mouse
An input device that allows the user to manipulate objects on the screen by moving the mouse along the surface of the desk.
Sound Card
A circuit board that gives the computer the ability to accept audio input, play sound files, and produce audio output through speakers or headphones.
Modem
A device that sends and receives data to and from computers over telephone lines. Means (Modulate Demodulate).
Output Devices
Devices that display, print or transmit the results of processing from the computers memory.
Monitor
Display device that forms an image by converting electronic signals from the computer into points of colored light on the screen.
Resolution
The density of the grid used to display or print text and graphics; the greater the horizontal and vertical density, the higher the resolution. The amount of Pixels on the screen. The more pixels the better the resolution.
Pixels
The smallest unit in a graphic image; computer display devices use a matrix of pixels to display text and graphics. Basic unit of composition of an image on a TV screen, Computer monitor, or similar display
Printer
Speakers
Output devices that receive signals from the computers sound card to play music, narration, or sound effects.
Storage Devices
Used to keep data when the power to the computer is turned off. Different forms
Formatted
Arrangement of data for storage or display. All storage devices must be formatted.
Hard Disk
Floppy Disk
Compact Discs
CDCD -ROM
Compact disk with read only memory Compact disk which you can write to only one time. It then becomes a read only disk. Compact disk which you may rewrite to.
CDCD -R
CDCD -RW
DVD
DVD ROM
Digital Video Disk which is read only. Digital Video Disk which can be written to one time. It then becomes read only. Digital Video Disk which can be rewritten to.
DVDDVD -R
DVDDVD -RW
External storage devices that can be used like a external hard drive. They have the capability to be saved to, deleted from, and files can be renamed just like with a normal hard drive.
Software Components
Software
A computer program that tells the computer how to perform particular tasks.
Program
Operating System
Software that translates a computers commands and allows application programs to interact with the computers hardware Examples:
Windows XP Unix OS 10 (MAC)
Application Software
Multitasking
Ability to do more than one thing at a time. Computers can run several application software programs and the operating system at the same time.
Software Use
Icon
Image that represent executable files. Graphics that aid in accomplishing tasks. Icons on screen. List or table of executable files
Menus
Types of Computers
Super Computer
Mainframe computer which is the largest, fastest or most powerful at one given time. A computer that was the fastest in the world at the time it was constructed. Can tackle tasks that would not be practical for other computers
Typical uses
Breaking codes Modeling weather systems
Super Computer
Mainframe
Large powerful computer often serving many connected terminals. Large expensive computer capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users. Used to store, manage, and process large amounts of data that need to be reliable, secure, and centralized. Usually housed in a closet sized cabinet.
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Mainframe
Server
A computer that processes request for HTML and other documents that are components of Web pages. Purpose is to serve. A computer that has the purpose of supplying its users with data; usually through the use of a LAN (Local Area Network).
Workstation
Desktop computer which is usually more powerful than a Microcomputer. Powerful desktop computer designed for specialized tasks. A microcomputer that fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet. The CPU can be housed in either a vertical or horizontal case. Has separate components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) that are each plugged into the computer.
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Workstation
Desktop Microcomputer
Small computer based on a microprocessor. A personal computer designed to meet the needs of an individual; provides a variety of applications. Provides access to a wide variety of computing applications, such as word processing, photo editing, ee-mail, and internet.
Desktop Microcomputer
Laptop or Notebook
Portable, compact computer that runs on a wall outlet or battery unit with all components in one unit. All components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) are in one compact unit. Usually more expensive than a comparable desktop. Sometimes called a notebook.
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Handheld
Also called a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). A computer that fits into a pocket, runs on batteries, and is used while holding in your hand. Typically used as an appointment book, address book, calculator, and notepad. Can be synchronized with a personal microcomputer as a backup.
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Networks
File Server
A computer dedicated to running applications and storing data. May be shared with other workstations A unique address assigned to a computer so that it may be located across the web.
IP address
Network
Two or more computers and other
devices that are connected, for the purpose of sharing data and programs.
Types of Networks
LAN Intranetwork
Local Area Network A method by which multiple computers are connected. (CJH) Wide Area Network by which large geographical areas can be connected. (Davis District)
WAN InternetworkWide
Boot Process
Sequence of events that occurs between the time you turn on a computer and the time that it becomes ready to accept commands. Purposes
Runs a diagnostic test to make sure everything is working. Loading the operating system, so the computer can carry out basic operations.
up Start boot program Power Power-on selfself-test Identify peripheral devices Load operation system Check configuration and customization
Megahertz (mHz)
A measurement used to describe the speed of the system clock. A megahertz is equal to one million cycles (or pulses) per second. 1.3 GHz means that the microprocessors clock operates at a speed of 1.3 million cycles per second.
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Pentium
Name of the CPU. Pentium is the 5th generation of the Intel processor.
RAM
ROM
Random Access Memory The ability of a storage devices to go directly to a specific storage location without having to search sequentially for a beginning location. Very volatile
Cannot hold data when the power is off. Losses all data when power is lost.
Read only memory Drives can read data from disks, but cannot store new data on them. One or more integrated circuits that contain permanent instructions that the computer uses during the boot process.
A method for representing numbers using only two digits 0 and 1. Bit each 0 or 1. Byte 8 bits Also referred to as Base 2 Binary Code.
Memory Measurements
Bit
Each 0 or 1 8 bits Approximately 1 thousand bytes Approximately 1 million bytes (Exactly 1, 048,576 bytes) Approximately 1 billion bytes Approximately 1 trillion bytes For more materials of Bank Exams visit us at www.Guide4BankExams.blogspot.in/
Byte
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
Terabyte
Basic Terms
Basic Terms
Computer
A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions.
Basic Terms
Input
Any information, data, sound, etc. that is created and fed into the computer. Useful information that leaves the system. Facts used by the computer. Refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects or ideas.
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Output
Data
Basic Terms
Processing
Manipulation of the data in many ways Area of the computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed, stored, or output. Area of the computer that holds data on a permanent basis when it is not immediately needed for processing.
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Memory
Storage
Basic Terms
File management
A method of organizing files and folders to make data more easily accessible. Location of physical media where data is stored Individual document created and saved by the user.
Folders
File
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