Professional Documents
Culture Documents
What is sps?
A way of investigation that involves specific skills which require the following steps: ~ planning course of actions. ~ carrying out activities. ~ collecting data. ~ organising & interpreting data. ~ reaching a conclusion.
OBSERVING CLASSIFYING MEASURING AND USING NUMBERS MAKING INFERENCES PREDICTING. COMMUNICATING. CONTROLLING VARIABLES MAKING HYPOTHESES. USING SPACE-TIME RELATIONSHIP INTERTING DATA DEFINING OPERATIONALLY EXPERIMENTING
Observing involves collecting information about objects or phenomenon by using the five senses. -sight -hearing -touch -taste -smell
What are the characteristic of objects and phenomenon that we are observing?
Picture. Photograph Video presentation Audio recording Real life thing or condition Real object or 3D model Life or preservation specimen
How do we observe?
~Focus on the objects or phenomena to be studied. ~Identify the characteristics. ~Compare the objects or phenomena. ~Identify changes & sequence of events. ~Use appropriate apparatus for more detailed observations.
MICROSCOPE
STETHOSCOPE
How do we classify?
Identify the general characteristics of the
items. Sort out items of the same characteristics into their respective groups. Identify other characteristics. Repeat steps 1-3 until there is only one item in each group.
Classify
1. Detecting similarities .
Same shape
Same Colour
..
..
CLASSIFYING
and using numbers is a process of observing quantitatively using numbers and standard or standardised measuring tool as the reference unit.
Identify the measurement required. Specify the instrument to be used. Compare the measurement with the specific instyrument. Add up the total measurement.
0 = 1 = 2 =
3 = FASTEST
1 = 2 = 3 = 4 =
7.
Making inferences is a process of making early conclusions by relating previous experiences with immediate observations.
How do we infer?
Observe the situations or circumstances. State the reason why the situation or circumstances happens. Give reason to your statement(s). Check if the reasons given are based on the opinions or observations from the situations.If based on opinions,state why.
Predicting is a process of forecasting events based on observations and previous experiences or certain pattern of reliable data.
Why do we need to predict? When accuracy is not essential in : ~reducing the number of choice. ~planning. ~considering choices.
How do we predict?
Observe to gather data. Identify the pattern of the data. Based on the pattern or past experiences, make suitable predictions.
How do we communicate?
Record information obtained from various resources. Translate the information into other forms such as charts,graphs and table. Spread the information through various means and way.
Control variables
Volume of water
Size of salt
Rate of stir
Temperature of water
Size of salt
Rate of stir
Temperature of water
Suggest suitable explanations in line with the principles and concepts of science.
Quantity of sugar 5 spoons 3 spoons 1 spoon Time taken to dissolve 10 min 5 min 2 min
Aware that there are more than one explanation for events.
OBSERVING
-TO RELATE
CLASSIFY
- TO RELATE
MAKING INFERENCES
TO RELATE
PREDICTING
- MENTAL IMAGE
Thank you.