DSP Tutorial 1

1. Find the Z transforms of the following causal sequences : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

fx(n)g = f1 1 0 0 :::::g fx(n)g = f1 1 1 1 :::::g fx(n)g = f1 1=2 1=4 1=8 ::::g fx(n)g = f1 ;1 1 ;1 ::::g fx(n)g = f1 ;1 1 ;1 0 0 :::g
; 1 + z ;2 X (z) = 1;21z; z ;2 ; 4 1+z X (z) = 1 ;z ;4 The product of the ZT's of sequences 1.1 and 1.2 above The product of the ZT's of sequences 1.1 and 1.5

2. Find the sequences whose ZT's are : 1. 2. 3. 4.

DSP Tutorial 2

1. Draw the block diagram of the lter whose input and output are related by

fy(n)g = (1 ; 2D + D2 )fx(n)g
2. Calculate the ZT transfer function of this lter and state whether it is recursive. 3. Calculate the impulse responses and ZT transfer functions of the digital integrator and di erencer. 4. Draw a block diagram of an implementation of the general Nth order recursive lter. 5. Show that the operational equation for the integrator can be written in the form

s(n + 1) = as(n) + bx(n) y(n) = cs(n) + dx(n) and determine the constants a b c d.

DSP Tutorial 3

1. For the lter of Fig. 1 below 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Write its state equations Calculate its ZT transfer function Find the zeros of its transfer function H (z) Draw the block diagram of a serial implementation of the transfer function Calculate its response to the unit step sequence fx(n)g = f1 1 1 :::g
x(n) -1 D D D D + y(n)

Figure 1: Block diagram of the lter with TF H (z). 2. The state equations of a lter are

y(n) = s1(n) + x(n) s1(n + 1) = s2(n) + 3x(n) s2(n + 1) = s3(n) + 3x(n) s3(n + 1) = x(n)
1. Find its impulse response and transfer function 2. Find its zeros 3. Write its state equations in matrix form

DSP Tutorial 4

1. For the lter with transfer function 2z;1 + 2z;2 H (z) = 1 + :5z1;+ 1 ; :25z ;2 ; :125z ;3 1. 2. 3. 4. Find its poles and zeros Write its state equations in matrix form Calculate the rst three terms of its IR State whether it is BIBO stable

2. For the lter shown in Fig. 2 below 1. 2. 3. 4. Find its t.f. H (z) Write the state equations of an ARMA realization of the t.f. Find the poles of the t.f. Draw a parallel implementation of H (z) and comment on the stability of the lters in this implementation
x(n) -2 + D + -1 D -2.5 + 3 2 D + y(n)

Figure 2: Block diagram of the lter with TF H (z).

DSP Tutorial 5

1. Find the IR of the lter whose frequency response is given by

j! ; 2n j < H (!) = 1 0 else where < and n = 0 1 2 :::. State whether the lter is FIR or IIR and whether it is lowpass or highpass.
2. For the 2nd order lter shown below 1. Determine its t.f. and nd its poles and zeros 2. Hence state whether it is BIBO stable 3. Find the maximum and minimum of its frequency response magnitude and sketch its frequency response.
+ 1 + x(n) 1.5 + -0.75 D 0.7071 D + y(n) 0.5

Figure 3: Block diagram of the lter with TF H (z).

DSP Tutorial 6

1. A signal with spectral density

X (!) = 1 ; j!j= 0 j!j else

is sampled at intervals of T = 2 = . Show that the sampled signal has a spectrum

X 0(!) = 1
and that the sampled signal has aliasing energy 1=12T in the frequency band j!j < =T . 2. Show that the lowpass lter IR fh(n)g = f0:5 0:5g satis es the condition for perfect reconstruction in a DWT H (z)H (z;1) + H (;z)H (;z;1) = 1 . Find the corresponding highpass IR fg(n)g based on the conjugate quadrature condition G(z) = (;z)1;N H (;z;1) and show that this pair of lters gives exact reconstruction :

X (z) = X (z)(H (z)H (z;1 ) + G(z)G(z;1 )) + X (;z)(H (;z)H (z;1) + G(;z)G(z;1))

for an arbitrary input X (z).

DSP Tutorial 7

1. A signal sequence fx(n)g = f1 1 ;1 ;1g is to be detected with a causal matched lter P with IR fh(n)g n h2(n) = 1 1. Find the IR fh(n)g 2. Calculate its t.f. and frequency response 3. Derive an expression in terms of the noise variance of noisy signal y(n) = x(n) + w(n) where w(n) is a sample of white noise

for the SNR for detection

E w(n)] = 0 E w(n)w(m)] =

mn

2. A binary communication system uses the two signals fx0(n)g = f1 1 ;1 1g and fx1(n)g = f1 1 ;1 ;1g 1. Calculate the cross-correlation sequence fr01(n)g between the two signals and its ZT R01(z) 2. Show that a di erent choice of binary signal sequences of length 4 would lead to a more reliable detection performance, assuming matched lters are used as the basis for the detector.