Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BY
JAWAD BASHIR(THUNDER)
GROUP MEMBERS
3. Enam-ul-haq malik.
4. Haroon Khan.
5. Jawad Bashir.
COASTAL EROSION
1. Coastal Processes.
• Rip Currents.
• Corrosion (Salutation).
Waves and Currents.
• A wave is a disturbance that
propagates through space
and time.
• Backwash current is a
seaward current that
results from the receding
swash.
• Also called destructive
current.
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Tides and Tidal currents.
• Tidal bulge combine with daily
earth’s rotation creates broad
system of waves.
• Flow seaward at
nearly right angles to
shore.
• Mainly in surfing
zone.
• Having a particular
direction.
• A short period
disturbance create by
submarine earth quake or
volcanic vent.
• The waves more than
100feet, might possibly
rise.
Abrasion & Attrition(Corrasion)
Abrasion.
• The waves pick up the
sediment & hurl it against
the cliffs (uses the
sediment as ammunition).
Attrition
• As the sediment is hurled
against the cliff, bits are
chipped off, the sediment
gets smaller & rounder
Corrosion (Salutation)
• Salt & other
chemicals in sea
water attack &
dissolve the cliffs.
• A platform of coral
fragments and sands.
• Exposed only in low tidal
zone.
Fore Shore and Back Shore.
• The shore between low and high tide lines.
• This area continuously attacked by currents and waves.
• It is a deposition
landform in which an
island is attached to the
mainland by a narrow
piece of land such as a
spit or bar.
Impacts and Hazards on Coasts
• Plate Tectonic Impacts.
Due to the movement and collision of
Plates.
• Danger to Urbanization.
13. Toppling.
• Rotation of a mass of rock, debris, or earth outward from a steep slope face is
called Toppling.
• Toppling also produce turbidity and might also destroy structures
Danger to Urbanization
• Heavy loss of property taken place every year.
• Sea water intrusions with drinking water bodies also a major hazard
• Non-Structural Measures
• Artificial beach
nourishment
Bio Shields
• Mangroves
• Coral reefs
• Sea grass
• Sea weeds
• Animal habitats
• Marine parks
• Marine sanctuaries
Coastal Erosion in Pakistan.
• The Pakistan’s coastline with the Arabian Sea
stretches to over 990 km.
• The Balouchistan coast is active whereas the
Sindh coast, Indus deltaic area, and offshore
Indus basin are passive.
• Balouchistan coast mainly contains Gawadar
coastal area.
• Sindh coast can be further divided into two parts
the Indus deltaic coast and the Karachi coast
Ecosystem found.
• Mangrove forests in the Indus delta, which
are a rich source of nutrients for a variety
of marine species.
• Avicenna marina being the most
dominant.
• Coral reefs and sea weeds also the main
part of eco system.
• Various types of birds, fishes and
mammals also live in these areas.
Coast of Balouchistan
• The coast of Balouchistan is about 400-
450 km.