Pathognomonic is a term, often used in medicine that means characteristic for a particular disease - the word pathognomonic comes

from the Greek pathognomonikos meaning skilled in judging diseases

Pathognomonic Signs are particular sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any doubt

FORMAT:"Diseases" "Signs"

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - Pulsating abdominal mass Abruption Placenta - Painful bleeding, board-like abdomen Acute Myeloid Leukemia - Auer rod Acute Renal Failure - Azotemia, uremic frost on skin Addison's disease - Bronze-like skin pigmentation Amoebiasis - Mucoid, foul explosive blood tinged stool Angina pectoris - Levine's sign (hand clutching of chest) Appendicitis - Rebound tenderness (McBurneys point) Rovsing Sign (Right Left Quadrant pain with palpation in Left lower quadrant) Arthritis - Buotonniere deformity, swan neck deformity, ulnar drift, Bouchards nodes Ascariasis - Vomiting, passing out of worms Asthma - Wheezing on expirations Atrial Septal Defect - Murmur heard high on chest Autism - Rocking, spinning, routines Bacterial Vaginosis - Grayish, white discharge, malodorous Basilar Fracture - Raccoons eye Breech Birth - Meconium staining Buergers Disease (Thromboangitis Obliterans) - Intermittent claudication Bulimia Nervosa - Chipmunk facies (parotid gland swelling) Candidiasis - Cheeselike discharge Carbon monoxide poisoning - Cherry pink flushed face, carbon in the secretions, non productive cough Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Jack Hammer Syndrome (Tinels sign) Cataract - Blurry vision/hazy vision, cloudy vision Celiac Disease - Gluten sensitivity, watery, pale foul-smelling stool Chicken Pox - Vesiculopapular rash Cholecystitis - Murphy's sign (pain on deep inspiration when inflamed gallbladder is palpated) Cholera - Rice-watery stoolWashers woman hands Chronic hemorrhagic pancreatitis - Grey-Turner's sign (ecchymosis in flank area) Cushings Syndrome - Moon faceBuffalo Hump CVA - Homonymous Hemianopsia Cystocele and Rectocele - Feeling of fullness at vagina Cytomegalovirus infection - Owls eye appearance of inclusion bodies Dengue - Hermans sign Detached Retina - Flashes of light, shadow with curtain across the vision Diabetes Ketoacidosis - Acetone breath Diabetes Mellitus - 3Ps (polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria) Diphtheria - Pseudomembrane on tonsils, pharynx and nasal cavity Down Syndrome - Protruding tongue, saddle nose, brushfields spots, single crease on palm Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy - Gowers' sign Emphysema - Barrel chest Encephalitis - Decorticate and decerebate rigidity Enterobiasis - Nocturnal itchiness Failure to Thrive (FTT) - Radar gaze GERD - Barret esophagus, heartburn

Glaucoma - Tunnel vision Gonorrhea - Burning sensation upon urination Gouty Arthritis - Formation of tophi at the earlobe usually the big toe Guillain-Barre - Ascending paralysis Hemophilia - Hemarthoses Henoch-Schnlein purpura - A tetrade of rash, arthralgia, abdominal pain and kidney disease in a child Hepatic Disease - Asterixis, jaundice Herpes Zoster - Regional painful rash Hirschprungs disease (Megacolon) - Ribbon-like, foul smelling stool H-mole - Grapelike growth, large abdomen Hodgkins Lymphoma - Hodgkin and Reed-Sternburg cells (giant mono- and multinucleated cells) Hyperthyroidism - Exophthalmos Hypocalcemia - Trousseau sign and Chvostek sign Increased IOP - Dolls eye Intestinal Obstruction - No passage of meconium Intussusceptions - Sausage shaped mass, dance sign, currant jelly-like stool Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Typical triad: abdominal pain with tenderness on palpation, altered bowel habits, absence of detectable disease Kawasaki Disease - Strawberry tongue Kleibsiella Pneumonia - Red gelatinous sputum Klinefelters Syndrome - XXY in males Leprosy - Leonine facies (thickened lion-like facial skin)Nerve involvement with acid fast bacilli Leptospirosis - Orange eyes Liver cirrhosis - Spider angioma Lymes disease - Bull eyes rash Malaria - Cycle of hot stage (high fever) followed by diaphoretic stage (sweating) and then cold stage (chilling) Measles - Koplik's spots Menieres disease - Vertigo Meningitis - Kernig's sign and Brudzinski's sign Meningococcemia - Purple petechiae Monillasis - White cheesy discharge Multiple Sclerosis - Descending weakness, Charcots sign (intention tremor, nystagmus, scanning speech) Mumps - Swollen parotid gland Myasthenia Gravis (MG) - Ptosis (inability to open upper eyelids), nasal smile Myocardial Infarction - Levines sign Neurofibromatosis - Plexiform neurofibroma Oral Thrush - White patches on tongue Osteoporosis - Kyphosis Pancreatitis - Cullen's sign (bluish discoloration of umbilicus) Parkinsons disease - Pill-rolling tremors Patent ductus arteriosus - Machine-like murmur Pericarditis - Pericardial friction rub Pernicious anemia - Red beefy tongue Pertusis - Paroxysmal cough ending with a whoop Pertusis -Violent cough without intervening inhalation followed by an inspiratory whoop Phemphigus Vulgaris - Nikolsky sign Phenylketonuria - Blue eyes Placenta previa - Painless bright red bleeding Pleural effusion - Stony dull percussion Pneumonia - Rusty colored sputum Poliomyelitis - Pokers sign, Haynes sign Rabies - Hydrophobia/photophobia Retinoblastoma - Cats eye reflex Rheumatic fever - Aschoff nodules

Rock Mountain Spotted Fever - Rose colored macules Scabies - Weeping itch Scarlet fever - Raspberry tongue Sickle cell anemia - Painful episodes or vaso-occlusive crisis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Butterfly rash Tetanus - Risus sardonicus, lockjaw Tracheoesophageal fistula - 3cs= coughing, choking, cyanosis Trichominiasis - Malodorous, thin yellow discharge Turners Syndrome - Karyotype in females, webbed neck, gonadal dysgenesis Typhoid fever - Rose spots in abdomen Whipples disease - Oculo-masticatory myorhythmia