5.

1 hnh chiu ca vt th

Chng 5. hnh biu din vt th

Vy hnh chiu l g ? V nh th no ?

5.1.1 Khi nim : Hnh chiu l Hnh biu din cc phn thy ca vt th i vi ngi quan st.
Cho php th hin cc phn khut ca vt th bng nt t gim s lng hnh biu din

5.1.2. Cc loi hnh chiu

1. Hnh chiu c bn TCVN 5-78 quy nh 6 mt ca mt hnh hp c dng lm su mt phng hnh chiu c bn. Vt th c t gia ngi quan st v mt phng hnh chiu tng ng. a. Hnh chiu t tr- 5 c ( Hnh chiu ng, hnh chiu 1 3 chnh) b.Hnh chiu 6 4 t trn(Hnh chiu bng ) c.Hnh chiu t tri l hnh chiu cnh chiu t phi d.Hnh 2 e.Hnh chiu t di f.Hnh chiu t

Ba hnh chiu ca mt vt th

P1

P3

P2

2. Hnh chiu ph : L Hnh chiu trn mt phng khng song song vi mt phng hnh chiu c bn . Hnh chiu ph c dng trong trng hp vt th c mt b phn no , nu biu din trn mt phng hnh chiu c bn th s b bin dng v hnh dng v kch thc. 3. Hnh chiu ring phn : L hnh chiu mt phn nh ca vt th trn mt phng hnh chiu song song vi mt phng hnh chiu c bn.
A Hnh chiu phA Hoc A

Hnh chiu ring phn

5.1.3 v hnh chiu ca vt th

1. V hnh chiu th ba ca vt th t hai hnh chiu cho
Bc 1.T hai hnh chiu cho hnh dung ra vt th, tt nht l vch c hnh chiu trc o ca vt th.
10 15 45 8 18 30 10 10 45 8 18 30 10 15

Bc 2. Cn c vo hnh nh ca vt th, v nhp hnh chiu th ba. . Bc 3. Dng hnh chiu th ba ng v tr ca n i vi hai hnh chiu cho. Cc kch thc cn thit o hai hnh chiu cho.

80
Bi tp ng dng 50

10

V hnh chiu cnh ca vt th cho bi hai hnh chiu bn

18 12 20 30 50

46

Bi ton Hy V cc hnh chiu ca vt th t vt tht hay t hnh chiu trc o.

2.V cc hnh chiu t vt tht hoc t mt hnh chiu trc o Bc 1. Phn tch hnh dng ca vt th, Chia vt th thnh nhng phn c hnh dng cc khi hnh hc c bn khc nhau.
Khi 1 Khi 2

Khi3

Bc 2. Xc nh r v tr tng i gia chng .

Khi 1
Khi 3 Khi 2

Bc 3.V hnh chiu ca tng khi hnh hc c bn .

Khi 1

Khi 3

Khi 2

V hnh chiu ca tng khi hnh hc c bn

Khi 1

V hnh chiu ca tng khi hnh hc c bn.

Khi 2

V hnh chiu ca tng khi hnh hc c bn.

Khi 3

Bc 4.Tng hp: Ghp hnh chiu ca cc khi hnh hc c bn vi nhau theo v tr tng i xc nh .

Bc 5. Ghi kch thc ca vt th

Bc 6. Kim tra, sa cha v t m bn v

5.1.4. Cch ghi kch thc ca vt th 1. Cc loi kch thc ca mt vt th

a. Kch thc nh hnh : L nhng kch thc xc nh ln ca bn thn tng khi hnh hc c bn.
200 140

180

120

b. Kch thc nh v : L nhng kch thc xc nh v tr ca cc phn t ( cc khi hnh hc c bn).

200

25

40 90 40

40 240 300

c. Kch thc khun kh: L kch thc ba chiu xc nh chiu di, rng, cao ca vt th.

6.1.4. Cch ghi kch thc ca vt th 1. Cc loi kch thc ca mt vt th

a. Kch thc nh hnh : b. Kch thc nh v : c. Kch thc khun kh
180 120

200

140

25

40

200

90

40

40

240 300

6.1.5. c bn v chiu ca vt th
c bn v chiu ca vt th l t cc hnh chiu vung gc ca vt th , hnh dung ra hnh dng ca vt th
Bc 1. c hnh chiu ng l hnh chiu ch yu, sau c cc hnh chiu khc. T chia vt th ra lm nhiu phn.

80 50 10

Bc 2. Phn tch tng phn da vo cc hnh chiu. Bc 3. Tng hp li,

hnh dung ra ton b hnh dng ca vt th

18 12 20 30 50

46

Trnh t v hnh chiu ca vt th t vt tht hay t hnh chiu trc o. Trng tm : Bc 4 .Tng hp hnh chiu ca cc khi

Bi tp v nh
Bi tp . V ba hnh chiu ca mt vt th cho t mt hnh chiu trc o v v li hnh chiu trc o vung gc u ca vt th .