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Heat Exchanger Notes
Heat Exchanger Notes
ME 430
Heat Exchangers
Plate Style
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Energy Balance
the rate of heat transfer between the two fluid streams in the heat exchanger, Q, is,
& p ) s (Tso Tsi ) = (mc & p ) c (Tci Tco ) Q = ( mc
Q Q=0 Q Q=0
&c m Tci
&s m Tso
& p is the heat where mc capacity rate of one of the fluid streams.
&c m Tco
&s m Tsi
Simple Configurations
Q = UA (T) Need to determine T. This is not straightforward as for the parallel flow case.
Q = UA LMTD
LMTD =
Parallel Flow
Q = UA LMTD
LMTD = Tout Tin T ln out Tin
Counter Flow
Q = UA LMTD
LMTD = Tout Tin T ln out Tin
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Effectiveness
The heat exchanger effectiveness, , is defined as the ratio of the rate of heat transfer in the exchanger, Q, to the maximum theoretical rate of heat transfer, Qmax , i.e.,
Q Qmax
The maximum theoretical rate of heat transfer is limited by the fluid stream with the smallest heat capacity rate, i.e.
&c m Tci
&s m Tso
Q Q=0 Q Q=0
&c m Tco
&s m Tsi
& p ) min the is the smaller of (mc & p )c . & p ) s or (mc where (mc
NTU
The number of transfer units (NTU) is an indicator of the actual heat-transfer area or physical size of the heat exchanger. The larger the value of NTU, the closer the unit is to its thermodynamic limit. It is defined as,
NTU =
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Capacity Ratio
The capacity ratio, Cr, is representative of the operational condition of a given heat exchanger and will vary depending on the geometry and flow configuration (parallel flow, counterflow, cross flow, etc.) of the exchanger. This value is defined as the minimum heat capacity rate divided by the maximum capacity rate, i.e.,
Cr =
It is important to note that the capacity ratio will be directly proportional to the ratio of the mass flow rates if the specific heats of the flows are fairly constant.
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Effectiveness Relations
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NTU Relations
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Refrigeration
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Heat Pipe
Enthalpy Wheel
The heart of the Energy Recovery Ventilator is the desiccant coated energy recovery wheel, which slowly rotates between its two sections. In one section, the stale, conditioned air is passed through the wheel, and exhausted in the atmosphere. During this process, the wheel absorbs sensible and latent energy from the conditioned air, which is used to condition (cool / heat) the incoming Fresh Air in the other section, during the second half of its rotation cycle.
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