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1

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6

1.1
1.1.1

, ,

1.1.2

1.1.3

1
2
3
4
5

1.2
1.2.1

1
2
3

1
(Liebig)

Liebig

Shelford
,

,
,

1 ,

2 ,

3 ,

1.2.2
1.

2.

(),

3.

1.2.3

CO2

40.7

1.2.4

1.3

1.3.1

()
380760nm

760nm,
380nm
50%60%,
1%,

1.3.2
1.

2.

1.94cal/cm2,

, ,

H2OCO2O2O3
,

3.

420550nm, ,

20m

4.
70%,
20%10%

1.3.3
1.

, , ,
, ,

340240nm,

, ,

2.

1214

810
,
,

3.
(1)
,

,
,

(2)

(3)

(4)

,
,

(5)
, ,
,

,

, ,

4.
,
1 ,
2
3

4 24,

1.4

,
,

1.4.1

1.

1, 0.5

,
100m0.50.6

2.

1314,

1.4.2

(
)
(
) (
)

1.4.3
1.

K = N ( TC )
KN
, T
C

(T1 , T2 )

(N1 ,N2 ), K
C
2620
19.541.7K
N1 (T1-C) = N2 (T2-C)

20(26-C) = 41.7(19.5-C)
C=13.5, K=250

10001600
20004000
500010001600
1,5002,100
2000400040004500

1) K / K1

2)

K
3)
4)

, ,

2.

, 10
23, Q10
:
Q10 = (R2 / R1) 10 / ( t2 - t1)
Q10 t1t2, R1R2

,
,

10
30,

3.

1.4.4
1.


,
,

2.

1.4.5
1.


ATP

2.

, ,

3.
1

4.
1

2
(
),

1.4.6
1.

2.

2440
960m
10001200m

1.5
1.5.1
1.

2020
2040
4060

2.
70%
14.5km3, 94%
,

1.5.2
1.
1

2 1 14186.8J
1 11005J,
418.7J
3 4
0

4
105

2.

60%80%
90%

1.5.3

pH

1.
800

2.

3.

33m100t

4.

0
10ml
1/20

5. pH
pH

pH 212

1.5.4
1.

0.03% ml
700

2000g
5
kg300400kg
99%1%

g300600g

285g349g557g
714g

2.
1


2
,

3.
1

1.5.5
1.

100g55g100g
110g

1g300500ml1g
50ml10ml

2.
1
0.020.5

2
323835
1

1.6
1.6.1
1.

2.

1.6.2
1.
(1)

2.00.2mm(0.2
0.02mm) (0.020.002mm)
(0.002mm)
(2)

(3)

1/31/4

2.
(1)

10%12%0.1%

35100cm30m

1.6.3
1.
pH

pH
5pH < 5.0
5.06.56.57.57.58.5
pH >8.5

2.

3.
NPKCaMgFe
MnZnCuMoB Cl

1.6.4

1. Ca2+Mg2+
H+

2.
Ca2+ HCO3-

3.

4.

1.6.5

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