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Gas Turbine Power Plant

By

K.Durairaj
Reg No:-2009276007 M.E. Energy Engineering

Gas turbine power plant

Gas turbine:
Working principle : Air is compressed(squeezed) to high pressure by a fan-like device called the compressor. Then fuel and compressed air are mixed in a combustion chamber and ignited. Hot gases are given off, which spin the turbine wheels. Most of the turbines power runs the compressor. Part of it drives the generator/machinery.

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Gas turbine power plant

Gas turbine:
Description:

Gas turbines burn fuels such as oil,

nature gas and pulverised(powdered) coal. Instead of using the heat to produce steam, as in steam turbines, gas turbines use the hot gases directly to turn the turbine blades. Gas turbines have three main parts: Air compressor Combustion chamber
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i) ii)

iii) Turbine
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Gas turbine power plant

The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the workings of the gas turbine engine, basis of the jet engine and others. It is named after George Brayton (18301892), the American engineer who developed it, although it was originally proposed and patented by Englishman John Barber in 1791. It is also sometimes known as the Joule cycle.

Gas turbine power plant

Gas turbine:
Air compressor: The air compressor and turbine are mounted at either end on a common horizontal axle(shaft), with the combustion chamber between them. Gas turbines are not self starting. A starting motor initially drives the compressor till the first combustion of fuel takes place, later, part of the turbines power runs the compressor. The air compressor sucks in air and compresses it, thereby increasing its pressure.
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Gas turbine power plant

Gas turbine:
Combustion chamber: In the combustion chamber, the compressed air combines with fuel and the resulting mixture is burnt. The greater the pressure of air, the better the fuel air mixture burns. Modern gas turbines usually use liquid fuel, but they may also use gaseous fuel, natural gas or gas produced artificially by gasification of a solid fuel. Note : The combination of air compressor and combustion chamber is called as gas generator.
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Gas turbine power plant

Gas turbine:
Turbine: o The burning gases expand rapidly and rush into the turbine, where they cause the turbine wheels to rotate. o Hot gases move through a multistage gas turbine. o Like in steam turbine, the gas turbine also has fixed(stationary) and moving(rotor) blades. o The stationary blades guide the moving gases to the rotor blades and adjust its velocity. o The shaft of the turbine is coupled to a generator or machinery to drive it.
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Gas turbine power plant

Applications of gas turbine:
Gas turbines are used to drive pumps, compressors and high speed cars. Used in aircraft and ships for their propulsion. They are not suitable for automobiles because of their very high speeds. Power generation(used for peak load and as stand-by unit). Note : Gas turbines run at even higher temperatures than steam turbines, the temperature may be as high as 1100 12600C. The thermal efficiency of gas turbine made of metal components do not exceed 36%. Research is underway to use ceramic components at turbine inlet temperature of 13500C or more, and reach thermal efficiencies over 40% in a 300 kW unit.
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Gas turbine power plant Open Cycle Closed Cycle

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Ways to Improve Performance & Power Output of Gas Turbine

Intercooling. Regeneration. Reheat.

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Ways to Improve Performance & Power Output of Gas Turbine

Intercooling
Multistage compression with intercooling reduces compressor work. Increases both work ratio & specific work output. Decrease thermal efficiency & hence used along with heat exchanger.

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Ways to Improve Performance & Power Output of Gas Turbine

Regeneration
Heat Energy from Exhaust is transferred to the compressed air before it enters the combustion chamber. Saving of fuel . Reduction of waste heat. Increase thermal efficiency.

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Ways to Improve Performance & Power Output of Gas Turbine

Reheat
Increases the work output of the GT plant. No Effect on thermal efficiency because the extra work is obtained at the expense of additional fuel.

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 High pressure turbine (HPT): In the beginning the starting motor runs the compressor shaft. The hot gases(products of combustion) expands through the high pressure turbine. It is important to note that when the HPT shaft rotates it infact drives the compressor shaft which is coupled to it. Now the HPT runs the compressor and the starting motor is stopped. Note : About 66% of the power developed by the gas turbine power plant is used to run the compressor.
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Only 34% of the power developed by the plant is used to generate electric power.

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Layout of a gas turbine power plant

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Combined Cycle Power Plant

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Gas turbine power plant

Advantages of gas turbine power plant :
Storage of fuel requires less area and handling is easy. The cost of maintenance is less. It is simple in construction. There is no need for boiler, condenser and other accessories as in the case of steam power plants. Cheaper fuel such as kerosene , paraffin, benzene and powdered coal can be used which are cheaper than petrol and diesel. Gas turbine plants can be used in water scarcity areas. Less pollution and less water is required.
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Gas turbine power plant

Disadvantages of gas turbine power plant : 66% of the power developed is used to drive the compressor. Therefore the gas turbine unit has a low thermal efficiency. The running speed of gas turbine is in the range of (40,000 to 100,000 rpm) and the operating temperature is as high as 1100 1260C. For this reason special metals and alloys have to be used for the various parts of the turbine. High frequency noise from the compressor is objectionable.

Gas turbine power plant

INSTALLED CAPACITY IN INDIA As on July 31, 2010, and as per the Central Electricity Authority the total installed capacity of Gas based power plants in india is 17,353.85 MW. This accounts for 10% of the total installed capacity.GAIL is the main source of fuel for most of these plants. Here is some list of presently operating plants. In Southern part of India the installed capacity of Gas based power plants is 4,057.50 MW. Some of Gas based power plants located in Tamilnadu are:Basin Bridge Gas Turbine Power Station, chennai -120MW . Thirumakottai Gas Turbine Power Station ,Thiruvarur-108.88 MW. Kuttalam Gas Turbine Power Station , Nagapattinam-101MW. Valathur Gas Turbine Power Station - I ,Ramanathapuram-95MW. Aban Combined Cycle Power Plant ,Tanjore-113.21MW.

REFERENCES
Power Plant Engineering by P.K.Nag Power Plant Engineering by Nagpal http://en.wikipedia.org http://globalenergyobservatory.org http://scribd.com

Thank You

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